3> Fixed

A chandelier light fixture

• Recessed light — the protective housing is concealed behind a

ceiling or wall, leaving only the fixture itself exposed. The
ceiling-mounted version is often called a "downlight".
o "Cans" with a variety of lamps — this term is jargon for
inexpensive downlighting products that are recessed into
the ceiling. The name comes from the shape of the housing.
The term "pot lights" is often used in Canada and parts of
the US.
o Troffer light — recessed fluorescent lights (the word comes
from the combination of trough & coffer)
o Cove light — recessed into the ceiling in a long box against
a wall
o Torch lamp, torchiere or floor lamp
• Surface-mounted light — the finished housing is exposed; not
"flush" with surface
o Chandelier
o Pendant light — suspended from the ceiling with a chain or
pipe
o Sconce — provide up or down lights; can be used to
illuminate artwork, architectural details; commonly used in
hallways and/or as an alternative to overhead lighting.
o Track lighting fixture — individual fixtures (track "heads")
can be positioned anywhere along the track, which provides
electric power.
o Under-cabinet light — mounted below kitchen wall
cabinets
 o Emergency lighting or Exit light — connected to a battery
or to an electric circuit that has backup power if the main
power fails
o High bay/Low bay lighting — typically used for general
lighting for industrial buildings
o Strip lights or industrial lights — often long lines of
fluorescent lamps used in a warehouse or factory
• Outdoor lighting — used to illuminate walkways, parking lots,
roadways, building exteriors, landscape and architectural details.
o Pole or stanchion mounted — for landscape, roadways, and
parking lots
o Pathway lighting — typically mounted in the ground at low
levels for illuminating walkways
o Bollards — A type of architectural outdoor lighting that is a
short, upright ground-mounted unit typically used to
provide cutoff type illumination for egress lighting, to light
walkways, steps, or other pathways
o Street light
o Yard light
o Solar lamp

4> Background light

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improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
 Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (March 2008)

Background lighting on the New York City set of I Am Legend.

The background light is used to illuminate the background area of a

set. The background light will also provide separation between the
subject and the background. In the standard 4-point lighting setup, the
background light is placed last and is usually placed directly behind the
subject and pointed at the background.

In film, the background light is usually of lower intensity. More than

one light could be used to light uniformly a background or alternatively
to highlight points of interest.

In video and television, the background light is usually of similar

intensity to the key light because video cameras are less capable of
handling high-contrast ratios. In order to provide much needed
separation between subject and background, the background light will
have a color filter, blue for example, which will make the foreground
pop up.

5> Special purpose lights

• Accent light
 • Background light (for use in film and television
production)
• Blacklight
• Flood light
• Safelight (for use in a dark room)
• Safety lamp (for use in coal mines)
• Searchlight (for military and advertising use)
• Security lighting
• Step light
• Strobe light
• Followspot (for use in a theatre)
• Wallwasher ]
•

6> Lamp types

Main article: List of light sources

• Fuel lamps
Betty lamp, butter lamp, carbide lamp, gas lighting,
kerosene lamp, oil lamp, rush light, torch, candle
• Arc lamps
Safety lamps: Davy lamp & Geordie lamp, Xenon arc
lamp, Yablochkov candle
• Incandescent lamp
A-lamp, PAR Parabolic reflector lamp (PAR),
Reflector lamp (R), Bulged reflector lamp (BR) (Refer
to lamp bases)
• Obsolete types: Limelight, Carbon button
lamp, Mazda (light bulb), Nernst glower
• Novelty: Blacklight, Lava lamp
• Special purpose: Heat lamp, Nernst lamp,
HQI
• Halogen - special class of incandescent lamps
• Gas discharge lamp and High-Intensity Discharge
lamp (HID)
Mercury-vapor lamp, Ceramic discharge metal halide
lamp, Metal-halide, Sodium vapor or "high pressure
sodium", HMI
• Neon sign, Plasma lamp
• Fluorescent
Linear fluorescent, Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)
• Cold cathode
• Fiber optics
• Induction lamp
• Light-Emitting Diode (LED) (Solid state lighting)
• Nuclear: Self-powered lighting
 7> [edit] Light fixture controls
• Light switch
• Dimmer
• Occupancy sensor
• Timer
• Touch

8> Hydrargyrum medium-arc

iodide lamp
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A HMI on a stand.
Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide, or HMI(R), is a
mercury-halide gas discharge medium arc-length lamp with
a multi-line spectra emission. The name implies that
hydrargyrum, an archaic term for Mercury (Hg), is held as
a vapour mixed with other rare halides in a quartz-glass
envelope with two tungsten-coated electrodes of medium
arc separation.
Unlike traditional tungsten lighting units, HMI(R)s use
ballasts to regulate and supply electricity to the lamp head
via a header cable. The lamp operates not by heating a
tungsten-based filament, but rather by creating an electrical
arc between two electrodes within the bulb that excites the
pressurized mercury vapour and provides phenomenal light
output with greater efficiency than tungsten-based lighting
units. The efficiency advantage is near fourfold, with
approximately 85-108 lumens per watt of electricity.
Unlike tungsten bulbs where the gas is inert and solely for
filler and recirculation, HMI(R) bulbs rely heavily on the
mercury vapour for light output, and the other metal halides
mixed with the mercury to give it the spectral peaks in
output wavelengths that bring it to approximately 5600 K,
or the color temperature of noon sunlight

9> Fluorescent lamp

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Fluorescent lamps

Assorted types of fluorescent lamps. Top, two Compact fluorescent

lamps, bottom, two regular tubes. Matchstick shown for scale.

Typical F71T12 100W bi-pin lamp used in tanning beds. Note

(Hg) symbol indicating it contains mercury. In the US this symbol
is now required on all fluorescent bulbs that contain mercury.

Inside the lamp end of a bi-pin lamp

A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a gas-discharge lamp
that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor. The excited mercury
atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a
phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light.

Unlike incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps always require a

ballast to regulate the flow of power through the lamp. However, a
fluorescent lamp converts electrical power into useful light more
efficiently than an incandescent lamp. Lower energy cost typically
offsets the higher initial cost of the lamp. While larger fluorescent
lamps have been mostly used in large commercial or institutional
buildings, the compact fluorescent lamp is now being used as an
energy-saving alternative to incandescent lamps in homes.
Compared with incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps use less
power for the same amount of light, generally last longer, but are
bulkier, more complex, and initially more expensive than a
comparable incandescent lamp.

10 > LED lamp

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This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with
Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion
page may contain suggestions. (May 2009)
This article contains too much jargon and may need
simplification or further explanation. Please discuss this issue on
the talk page, and/or remove or explain jargon terms used in the
article. Editing help is available. (June 2007)
MR16 LED Lamp with GU10 twist lock fitting, intended to
replace halogen reflector lamps.

LED Lamp with E27 Edison screw.

A LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp (also called LED bar or

Illuminator) is a type of solid state lighting (SSL) that uses light-
emitting diodes (LEDs) as the source of light. They usually
comprise clusters of LEDs in a suitable housing. They come in
different shapes, including the standard light bulb shape with a
large E27 Edison screw and MR16 shape with a bi-pin base. Other
models might have a small Edison E14 fitting, GU5.3 (Bipin cap)
or GU10 (bayonet socket). This includes low voltage (typically 12
V halogen-like) varieties and replacements for regular AC mains
(e.g. 120 or 240 VAC) lighting. Currently the latter are less widely
available but this is changing rapidly