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Digamma function
In mathematics, the digamma function is
defined as the logarithmic derivative of the
gamma function:
where Hn is the n 'th harmonic number, and γ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. For half-integer values, it may be
expressed as
Digamma function 2
Integral representations
It has the integral representation
which follows from Euler's integral formula for the harmonic numbers.
Series formula
Digamma can be computed in the complex plane outside negative integers (Abramowitz and Stegun 6.3.16), using
or
This can be utilized to evaluate infinite sums of rational functions, i.e., , where p(n) and q(n)
are polynomials of n.
Performing partial fraction on un in the complex field, in the case when all roots of q(n) are simple roots,
or otherwise the series will be greater than harmonic series and thus diverges.
Hence
and
With the series expansion of higher rank polygamma function a generalized formula can be given as
Taylor series
The digamma has a rational zeta series, given by the Taylor series at z=1. This is
which converges for |z|<1. Here, is the Riemann zeta function. This series is easily derived from the
corresponding Taylor's series for the Hurwitz zeta function.
Newton series
The Newton series for the digamma follows from Euler's integral formula:
Reflection formula
The digamma function satisfies a reflection formula similar to that of the Gamma function,
where Δ is the forward difference operator. This satisfies the recurrence relation of a partial sum of the harmonic
series, thus implying the formula
Gaussian sum
The digamma has a Gaussian sum of the form
for integers . Here, ζ(s,q) is the Hurwitz zeta function and is a Bernoulli polynomial. A
special case of the multiplication theorem is
n as integer, where B(n) is the nth Bernouilli number for and is the Riemann zeta function.
Special values
The digamma function has values in closed form for rational numbers, as a result of Gauss's digamma theorem.
Some are listed below:
Digamma function 5
See also
• Trigamma function
References
• Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A. (Eds.). "psi (Digamma) Function." §6.3 in Handbook of Mathematical
Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 9th printing. New York: Dover, pp. 258-259, 1972.
See section §6.4 [1]
• Weisstein, Eric W., "Digamma function [2]" from MathWorld.
External links
• Cephes [3] - C and C++ language special functions math library
• [4] - Bernardo Statistical algorithm psi(digamma function) computation, pp. 1
References
[1] http:/ / www. math. sfu. ca/ ~cbm/ aands/ page_260. htm
[2] http:/ / mathworld. wolfram. com/ DigammaFunction. html
[3] http:/ / www. moshier. net/ #Cephes
[4] http:/ / www. uv. es/ ~bernardo/ 1976AppStatist. pdf
Article Sources and Contributors 6
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