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Alcoholic Beverages.................................................................................................. 5
Country Liquor....................................................................................................... 7
Beer....................................................................................................................... 7
Wine .................................................................................................................... 10
Changing Lifestyles..............................................................................................15
Drinking Habits.....................................................................................................16
Wine shops........................................................................................................20
Word of mouth..................................................................................................21
Restaurants/bars/discotheque ........................................................................21
Advertisement- ................................................................................................21
Evaluation............................................................................................................22
................................................................................................................................ 25
Surrogate Advertisement.....................................................................................25
Major Players........................................................................................................... 31
References..............................................................................................................34
The Hindu Ayurvedic texts describe both the beneficent uses of alcoholic
beverages and the consequences of intoxication and alcoholic diseases.
Most of the people in India and China have continued, throughout, to
ferment a portion of their crops and nourish themselves with the alcoholic
product.
Indians today drinks Whisky, Rum, Beer, Wine, Gin, and Vodka. Between 15
and 20 per cent of Indian people consume alcohol and, over the past twenty
years, the number of drinkers has increased from one in 300 to one in 20.
According to The Hindustan Times, it is estimated that of these 5 per cent
can be classed as alcoholics or alcohol dependent. This translates into about
five million people addicted to alcohol. The Intake of Indian Made Foreign
Liquor (IMFL) is growing at the considerable rate of 15 per cent a year.
Again, The Hindustan Times says that 65 per cent of the Indian liquor
market is controlled by whiskey manufacturers.
Roughly 60% of the population is under 30. What's more, incomes are rising,
powered by an economy that's growing at 9%-plus. These trends are
expected to fuel growth in beer consumption of up to 15% a year through
the end of the decade.
Branded spirits market in India is 119 million cases out of which Whisky
accounts for 55%, Rum 27%, Brandi 14%, Gin 3%, and Vodka 1%. North and
west India consumes more of whisky and South, more of Brandy and Rum.
The UB Group (35%) has a market share of 35% + 13% = 48% after merger
of Spirits Division of Shaw Wallace (13%), Jagajit (7%), Mohan Meakins (7%)
and IDL (3.5%). AP (24), TN (19.3), Karnataka (11.2), Kerala (10.9) &
Rajasthan (5.7) consume 60 % of the total Indian Liquor which is growing at
about 11%.
The standard characteristics of country liquor vary with the States, with its
alcohol strength in Maharashtra at 42.8% like IMFL, but 36% in Uttar
Pradesh where the purchasing power of the mass consumer is believed to
be lower.
Not only the changing skyline, but also the changing lifestyle and habits of
people are causing the slump in country liquor sales. The demographic
profile of the area has seen a sea change in the past few years.
Several big markets, especially those down south, have banned country
liquor immensely benefiting the IMFL sales. Country liquor was wiped out of
the southern markets when Karnataka became the last State to ban it..
However, country liquor continues to go strong in northern States like Uttar
Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab, while Maharashtra is one of the bigger States
in the west.
Beer
Beer is traditionally associated with young age consumption and often
considered as an urban socializing phenomenon. With the advent and
availability of more number of Western premium brands of beers in India,
the younger generation is also considering beer as an option to ‘hang-out’
with. The staid image of earlier generations’ at-home whisky or rum drinking
habits are mostly being replaced by a more jazzy ‘club drinking’ culture in
India.
All these factors combined make the scenario very promising for beer
industry and are 'in sync' with their strategy for India.
The beer-drinkers in the country are much younger than the average beer-
drinker elsewhere in the world. This makes them more likely to carry the
brand with them for a lifetime. Also, as the target audience becomes
younger, a light beer is expected to attract first-time drinkers, since it is
much milder than any of the other beers in the country.
United Breweries and SAB Miller together, sweep close to 80% of the Indian
beer market. Individual state oriented excise structure has further allowed
these two companies to develop a near duopoly in the market, since
differentiated alcohol policy in different states, localized distribution
monopolies and state excise on imports and exports of alcoholic drinks
make distribution and logistics of beer almost economically futile for most of
the new entrants.
UB (United Breweries Ltd.) is the market leader in the Indian beer market
with a 40% market share. Its flagship Kingfisher brand alone commands
25% market share. The company has however been focusing on strong
beer, which has driven growth. The company introduced its strong beer,
Kingfisher Strong during the year 2000 in the selected market of
Maharashtra and Karnataka. The market is now skewed towards strong beer
with more than 60% of the market being strong beer market.
Apart from Kingfisher, and Foster's Beer, the other brands in the Indian
market are Carling Black Label, Carlsberg, Dansberg, Golden Eagle, Guru,
Maharaja Premium Lager, Haake Beck, Haywards 2000 Beer, Haywards
5000, Haywards skol, Flying Horse Royal Lager, Taj Mahal, Heinekin, Hi-Five,
Ice, Kingfisher Diet, Kingfisher Strong, Kirin, Knockout, Legend, London Diet,
London Draft, London Pilsner, Royal Challenge, San Miguel Lager, Sand
Piper, Strohs and Zingaro.
The major brands which belong to large groups in the industry (apart from
UB) are – Shaw Wallace - Royal Challenge Premium Lager, Haywards 2000
Premium Lager, Haywards 5000 Super Strong, Hi-Five and Lal Toofan.
A lot of new variants promise to gain prominence, but mainly in niche urban
segments. The sophisticated consumer who drinks beer for the experience
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermentation of grapes or grape
juice. Global market for wine is estimated at well over 25 billion litres.
Compared to other countries, wine manufacture and consumption in India is
insignificant. This is attributed to earlier period of prohibition in the country
and higher price compared to spirits like whisky and brandy manufactured
in the country, referred to as Indian Made Foreign Liquors (IMFL).
Challenge for industry is maintaining lower costs to control the cost of
expensive packaging inputs. Another challenge for the company was to
manage the distribution of the finished goods. Eighty per cent of wine
consumption in the country is confined in major cities such as Mumbai
(39%), Delhi (23%), Bangalore (9%) and Goa (9%)
There are new players entering the Wine playing field and India can now
boast 3-4 large Wine manufacturers with capacity of about a million cases
per year. 2008 has been great year for Indian Wine manufacturers as Indian
Wines have won awards and acclaim in Europe and U.S. Indian Wines
however still are not very well accepted and there is still a resistance to
“Made in India” label.
40
35
30
25 Mumbai
20 Delhi
15 Bangalore
10 Goa
5
0
Wine Consumptionin%
The CIABC is the apex body of the branded segment of wine and spirits
excluding the beer industry in India. This includes leading domestic and
international companies like United Spirits (USL), Radico Khaitan, Diageo,
Bacardi Martini, Jagatjit Industries, Brown Forman Worldwide and Tilaknagar
Industries as its members.
The CIABC’s role is to interact with excise authorities at the state level and
to find solutions that are in the interest of its stakeholders. State
governments invite the body for discussions before formulating excise
policies.
In 1953, an all India body of distillers was constituted which was baptized All
India Distillers’ Association. During the Intervening four decades this
association has not only grown in size but has also widened its sphere of
activity.
The Association has been carrying out a pioneering work with regard to
catering to interest of the alcohol industry and has gone from strength to
strength through out all these 54 years, to the extent that it is now a force
to reckon with as far as the alcohol and distillery industry is concerned.
AIDA is the leading business support organizations for the alcohol & liquor
industry in India and maintains the lead as the proactive business solution
provider through continuous interaction at the constituent members’ level
and various government agencies level. It is therefore now the largest and
the oldest apex organization of Indian Alcohol Industry which stands for
quality, industry – Government- Society partnership and to enhance the
quality and productivity of the distillery/ alcohol industry on the whole. AIDA
today espouses the shared vision of the Alcohol / Distillery industry in the
country and speaks directly or indirectly for the entire industry.
The All India Brewers` Association is a prime body representing the interests
of brewing industry of India. Its members account for more than 90% of
production and sales of Beer in India. AIBA was formed in the year 1977 and
was registered under the Karnataka Societies Registration Act 1960. From
AIBA has been at the fore-front of working with the Government and been
carrying out a pioneering work in addressing the interests of the beer
industry. Besides providing policy support, it also represents the commercial
and other interests of the industry with the various State Governments. The
association has also been actively engaging both nation and regional media
to highlight the immense agricultural and social benefits of encouraging
beer in a country weaned on hard spirits
3) The Indian Motor Vehicles Act specifies a blood alcohol cut-off of 30mg.%
for drivers, which is arguably one of the strictest in the world.
Various Indian states have independent laws, the legal age limit varies from
18-25 and some have implemented prohibition as well. Lots of taxes in the
form of duties are imposed at various stages from bottling to sale.
There is significant latent demand and vast scope for growth in liquor
consumption, both in the urban and prosperous rural areas of India. Drinking
liquor has rapidly gained acceptance and is no more considered as taboo -
even among the conservative middle-class whose attitudes have changed
with improved standard of living. Alcohol companies have been quick to
cash on to this trend. In fact, the youth, women and middle-class – and
many other overlapping segments – are being targeted by the liquor
companies looking for growth.
But the emerging trends are interesting. Strong beer (alcohol content in
excess of 5 per cent), a category non-existent in developed countries, has
been growing at about 15 per cent in India and already accounts for more
than 55 per cent of beer consumption. This trend is slated to continue.
The Indian alcohol market has been growing rapidly over the last 10 years,
due to the positive impact of demographic trends and expected changes,
like:
Changing Lifestyles
A deep-seated traditional social aversion to alcohol consumption has been a
traditional feature of the Indian society. However, as urban consumers
become more exposed to western lifestyles, through overseas travel and
the media, their attitude towards alcohol is relaxing. Social habits are
undergoing a transformation as mixed drinks are becoming more popular.
The greatest evidence of this trend is the increase in beer consumption
among women. More and more women are consuming beer – the
penetration in metropolitan areas is almost twice as high as the penetration
in other large cities – implying that the greater tolerance towards alcohol
consumption in metropolitan areas with increasing urbanization, this
acceptance is only going to rise.
Drinking Habits
Drinking habits will differ across various segments and will range from first
time experience drinkers to habitual ones. Normally binge drinking is more
popular amongst youth segment while middle age group segment will prefer
drinking within limits due to family. Senior drinkers will be more limited due
to their old health and will prefer drinking only on special occasions like
family and friends gatherings. But we can always find habitual drinkers
present across all segments for whom drinking is a way of life and they have
to drink as per their daily body requirement.
Off late drinkers catering to segments like Page-3, Image seekers, Globe
travellers, seasonal, loyal ones are seen increasing.
State of
Mind
(Image
requiremen Preferred Alcoholic
Segments Characteristics Purpose t) Beverages
High level Leisure,
Awareness ,Easy Celebration,
availability, Social Power, Premium brands of
Metro Drinking Socially outings, Rebel, Beer(mild &
Cities(Cla accepted, Variety Weekend Status, strong),Wine, Whisky,
ss A) of drinking habits, drinkers Flamboyant Rum, Vodka, Gin
Medium level
Geographic
awareness,
Availability is not
a major issue, Weekend Semi-Premium brands
Tier-II Social acceptance drinkers, Power, of Beer(mild &
Cities showing upward leisure, Status, Just strong),Wine, Whisky,
(Class B) trend celebrations to get drunk Rum, Vodka, Gin
Low level Mostly Lower and local
awareness, getting Power, brands of Strong
availability is a drunk for Rebel, To beer, Country liquors
challenge, kick factor, quench daily (licensed &
Rural Drinking socially Habitual thirst, cost illicit),Low-priced
Areas unacceptable drinkers conscious whisky & rum
profession
als across To give
IT Considers company,
Sector,Airl drinking as a Heavy Leisure, lager & Strong beer,
ines,Banki regular weekly weekend Celebrations Premium whisky,
ng etc activity drinkers , Vodka, rum
Business
Elite Class
(Top Business
Notch dealings,
managers Social Status Deluxe Scotch
) esteem drinkers, outings conscious Whiskies, Wine
Relaxation,
Team
Drinking after bonding
Defence office hours sessions, To Deluxe & Premium
Profession considered as a relieve Power, Taste Scotch whiskies &
als norm, stress conscious, rums, Brandy
To celebrate
Psychographic
Problem Recognition:
Reasons for buying alcoholic beverages can be broadly classified into
following categories:
Wine shops
More than half of purchase decisions are made and changed at wine outlets.
Factors like attractive display, recommendation from the shop owner about
a particular brand and drink heavily influences a buyer’s decision process. A
habitual drinker will only ask for his particular brand in wine shop due to his
loyalty and the taste preferences which he has developed towards a
particular brand over years. A new or a more youthful drinker will get
attracted due to fancy packaging and the exuberance which a particular
drink is trying to project. Wine shops also offer free glasses, supplementary
drink like soda, soft drink to attract customer especially during festive
season on a particular type and brand of drink which also leads to change in
buyer’s decision. The only gap here is buyer may not be able to get any
information w.r.t. technical parameter of different brands as these shops are
being run with intention of maximizing sales which in turn may sometimes
lead to dissonance amongst buyer.
Restaurants/bars/discotheque
A large percentage of buyer prefer drinking at various restaurants, bars,
pubs as they are away from social gaze, ambience which a person gets
attracted to and feels comfortable with, service offered to customers and
quality and variety of food which it offers. Indians love to have variety of
spicy snacks with their alcoholic beverages. The young crowd would
preferably drink in a particular club due to its nightlife and the various types
of cocktails and mocktails it offers. Buyer again tends to go with the
availability of particular type and brand of drink in his favourite bar, pub just
changing his decision process. Most of the bars, restaurants have started
Happy Hours concept which offers popular brand of alcoholic drinks at lower
prices at odd hours which in turn leads to increase in consumption and in a
way changing buyers decision who are heavily addicted and can’t resist the
idea of simply getting drunk at their favourite joints.
Experience-
It also happens many a times that you try out different drinks in all your
various social outings with friends, parties, celebrations, corporate meet
that you develop a liking to particular type and brand of alcohol beverage.
Factors like taste preferences, hangover effect play a major role in decision
making process.
Advertisement-
All the liquor companies invest heavily on advertisement in print as well as
media surrogately which mould the decision of the buyer too a large extent
for leisure, fun or the personality that it projects. Most of the liquor
companies use advertising tools extensively in restaurants, bars, pubs and
discotheque. These places also provide an opportunity to sponsor events etc
on special occasion e.g. friendship day, valentine day & host of other days.
Evaluation
When the required information had been collected and consolidated, buyer
will make a comparison between the available brands. Also this process and
criteria of evaluation will vary at different stages of the life cycle of the
product.
Generic evaluation
At this stage, product may be competing with other products satisfying
same need level. Hence consumer may have a little knowledge on the
optimum parameter of the product. At this stage a drinker just need
availability of alcoholic beverages whenever he has urge to have some
drinks.
Comparative evaluation
At this stage consumer will compare standard product available with the
newer products available. Hence customer may compare standard set by
generic brand with the offer of newer entrants. E.g., any new beer brand
available is compare with the existing brands of beer, still there is no brand
loyalty from a consumer. Hence this type of evaluation has higher chances
of shift.
PURCHA
TIME SE PREFER
Segments UTILITY PLACE UTILITY PROCESS ENCE
Willing to travel to
Bars , Restaurants,
Pubs , 5 Star
Hotels, Parties with
good ambience,
Metro multi-brand & Extended Product
Cities(Clas reputed wine Problem -> Store
s A) Can Wait outlets Solving & Brand
Geographic
Tier-II Convenience - Sub Product
Cities Restaurants, Home, Contracte -> Store
(Class B) Can Wait Parties, Wine shops d -> Brand
Store ->
Product
Convenience - -> No
Rural Immedia Home or Nearest Brand
Areas te Country Bar Picking Decision
Wine shops,
Convenience-
home, friend’s
place, trust-word of
mouth, favorite Product
ambience in bar, Variety -> Store
Gender
Male Can Wait restaurant Seeking -> Brand
Shopping
Experience, pubs-
nightclubs, Store ->
Immedia attractive Product
Female te packaging Impulsive or brand
Surrogate Advertisement
As a reaction to the directive of Government, the liquor & tobacco majors
sought other ways of endorsing their products. They have found an
alternative path of advertising through which they can keep on reminding
their liquor brands to their customers. They have introduced various other
products with the same brand name. Launching new products with common
Below table gives you a clear indication of how the liquor industry have
introduced surrogate products and how advertisements of these products
indirectly helps their sales and brand awareness.
Sponsoring for any highly watched sporting event like IPL in form of
apparels for Bangalore-Royal Challengers, Cricket and Football events,
Sports accessories appeals the sensibilities of consumer and creates a pull
effect towards their brand. Liquor companies won’t mind getting into any
low cost surrogate products like CD’s cassettes, supplementary drinks -
Soda, soft drinks as long as customers choose their brands and increases
their profitability and market share.
DIAGEO
BEER
Major Players operating in the India include United Breweries in form of
Kingfisher Brand, and SAB Miller. Knock Out, Carlsberg; Fosters are some of
popular brands.