Improving Electrical Power Quality

for the Water Industries

1
Types of Common
Power Quality Problems
Voltage Current

Low Power Factor 30 90 180 270

Voltage Transient
Voltage Swell
Voltage Sag
PWM Voltage A-B V

Radio Frequency
Interference
Harmonic Distortion
2
What are the PQ Issues
Facing the Water Industries?

1) Power Factor
Motors typically cause low power factor
2) Harmonics
VFDs cause harmonics
3) Motor life when controlled by VFDs
Motors can be susceptible to PWM voltage
produced by VFDs

3
LOW POWER FACTOR
AND HIGH HARMONICS

• LOW POWER FACTOR HARMONIC DISTORTION

• Under-Voltage • Under-Voltage
– Wastes kVA – Wastes kVA
– draws excess current – Draws excess current
• Voltage Sag
– High demand for Reactive • Outage
VA – High peak current or
• Harmonic Distortion elevated rms current can
– Reduces Total Power trip upstream CB or open
Factor upstream fuse

4
1.) What are the benefits of
Improving Power Factor?

• High Power Factor saves energy

• High Power factor can reduce energy

costs (eliminate PF penalties)

• High Power Factor reduces load (KVA)

on existing transformers – more
capacity available for new loads

5
 Working Power KkW) Motors demand both
Reactive VARs and
Reactive Power (kVAr) working power (watts)

Utility supplies Reactive VARs – you pay for it!

Useful Power 100

90
80
70
60
50
40
Actual 30
20
KVA 10
0
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Available Transformer KVA vs. Power Factor

6
ARTECHE PF CAPACITORS
IMPROVE POWER FACTOR
2
1.5
1
0.5
Voltage
0
Current
-0.5
0
40

80

0
12
16

20

24

28

32

36
-1
-1.5
-2

Working Power (kW)

Reactive
Power (kVAr)

Capacitor supplies
PF
Reactive kVAr – C
7
2.) What are the benefits of
Reducing Harmonics?

• Improve facility voltage quality

• Reduce TRMS current and KVA

supplied by transformer

• Stop C/B tripping and fuse blowing

• Protect power factor capacitors

8
Harmonics Cause System
Voltage Distortion
Voltage is Distorted
120

100 THiD = 7.54%

80

60
40

20

0
-20

-40
-60

-80
-100

-120
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05

Load Current

ASD Other ASD ASD

Linear
Loads

Loads fed with distorted voltage may malfunction

9
ARTECHE SOLUTIONS
FOR HARMONICS PROBLEMS

Line Reactor
12 & 18 Pulse Upgrade Kit Dynamic Filter

Tuned Filter

Active Filter

Automatic Filter Low Pass Filter

10
HARMONIC MITIGATION

11
Performance of Harmonic
Filtering Equipment
Relative Cost
( 50HP, 480V)
Low Pass
$1.50 - $2.00
Harmonic Filter
$8.00 – $10.00
Active Filter

$3.00 – $5.00
18-pulse Drive

Line Reactor $1.00

or DC Choke
$0.00
Do Nothing 12
ARTECHE PQ Harmonic
Mitigation Alternatives

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Line Tuned Low 12-pulse 18-pulse Active
reactor filter pass filter
filter

We can combine multiple technologies to achieve the best

economical solutions for one or more loads.
13
Best Economical Solution to
Minimize Harmonics

% Harmonic Current Distortion vs. %Zeff No Filter With Arteche LPF

Standard (KS) Version LPF

6
5
0.10% Zeff
4
% THD-I

0.25% Zeff
3
0.5% Zeff
2
1% Zeff
1 2% Zeff
0 3% Zeff
4% Zeff
5%

0%
%

%
%

%
.5

.5

.5

.5
25

30

50

75

10
12

37

62

87

5% Zeff
% LOAD

Available as:
• OEM Kits
• Panel version
• Metal Enclosed

14
Single Phase Harmonic Filters
3rd Harmonic Filter
Low Pass Harmonic Filter Branch Circuit

3rd Harmonic Filter

Plug-In

Distributed Generation
Harmonic Filter 15
18-Pulse Upgrade Kit
FOR WWTPs

Upgrade VFDs from 6-pulse to

18-pulse:
New installations, or
Retrofits
Data for full load

16
3.) What are the benefits of converting
PWM to Sine Wave Voltage?

• You can use any length of motor cable.

• Motors run cooler when supplied with

sine wave voltage.

• Motors last longer when supplied with

sine wave voltage.

17
 Sine Wave Filters
Convert PWM voltage waveforms to sine waves!
Volt s Volt s
750
750

500 500

250
250

0
0

-250
-250
-500

-500 -750
14:23:59.83 14:23:59.85 14:23:59.87
-750 14:23:59.82 14:23:59.84 14:23:59.86 14:23:59.88
14:32:04.56 14:32:04.57 14:32:04.58 14:32:04.59 14:32:04.60 14:32:04.61 14:32:04.62

Our standard SWF is for Carrier Frequency of 5kHZ or higher.

Others available on request.
18
Econ om ica l Solu t ion s for a ll
of you r Pow e r Qu a lit y N e e ds.
FACILITY (CENTRALIZED) SOLUTIONS AUTOMATIC SOLUTIONS

MEDIUM VOLTAGE LOW VOLTAGE • Harmonic Filters

Up to 34.5 kV Up to 600 Volts • Power Factor
Correction
Systems
• Harmonic • Harmonic
Filters Filters • Low Voltage
• Power Factor • Power Factor (600V)
Capacitors Capacitors • Medium Voltage
(up to 35kV)

INDIVIDUAL (LOCALIZED) SOLUTIONS

Harmonic Filters
DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Power Factor
Capacitors • Sub- cycle
response time
• 600Volt Class
• up to 34.5kV
• Harmonic Filters
• Power Factor
Capacitors
• 600 volt class
• up to 35kV class

19
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