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APPENDIX A
Validity and Reliability Related to Purposes
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
One of the general principles of the National Education Goals Panel is that
“Assessments should be tailored to a specific purpose and should be reliable,
valid and fair for that purpose” (Shepard, L.; Kagan, S.L. and Wurz, E., 1998,
page 5). The purpose of the Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework is
to support children’s learning. The State of Connecticut has identified learning
goals for preschool children in a comprehensive curriculum framework. The
Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework derives its validity from its
direct connection to Connecticut’s Preschool Curriculum Framework (1999).
Over 100 early childhood professionals in Connecticut were asked to review
the 77 standards in the curriculum framework and select those they
considered most important. From this, 30 key performance standards were
identified. Where possible, two of the standards from the curriculum
framework were combined into one standard for the assessment framework.
The National Education Goals Panel document also distinguishes the
reliability requirements of assessment systems used for different purposes.
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
In contrast, all children need to be assessed in order to support teaching
and learning in the classroom. Therefore, teachers need to use the Connecticut
Preschool Assessment Framework to assess all of the children in their class as
they are engaged in typical classroom activities. This contextually embedded
assessment model is, by necessity, more flexible and accessible so that
teachers may use it easily in their classrooms to assess each of the children.
The variability in classroom contexts makes such methods less standardized
than tools intended for research or other high-stakes purposes. The National
Goals Panel suggests that teachers will become more reliable as they become
familiar with and use the performance-based assessment instruments in their
classrooms.
In summary, the Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework is
consistent with recommendations for early childhood assessment that are
primarily intended to be used by classroom teachers to inform their
instructional decisions. This assessment framework describes precisely what
preschoolers are expected to learn and be able to do, and offers materials that
drive a process for connecting assessment, planning and teaching with a
common set of learning objectives.
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
APPENDIX B
Comparison of Connecticut Preschool
Curriculum Framework and Connecticut
Preschool Assessment Framework
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
Comparison of the Connecticut Preschool Curriculum
Framework
and the Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
Physical Development
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Preschool Curriculum Framework Preschool Assessment
Content Standards and Performance Framework Performance
Indicators Standards
Content Standard: Preschool programs will provide children with
opportunities to express wonder, ask questions and seek answers about
the natural world.
Performance Indicators:
Ask questions about and comment on COG 1 Engages in scientific inquiry
observation and experimentation.
Collect, describe and record information.
Use equipment for investigation.
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
Cognitive Development
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
Cognitive Development
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
Cognitive Development
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
APPENDIX C
Planning Forms
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
Learning Activities
Planning Form
Teachers: _________________________________ Week: _________________
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Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework [Manual]
61
Planning Web
The teacher may want to enlarge this form to enhance its usefulness.
Teachers: __________________________________ Week:
__________________________________
Math/Manipulative Literacy
Group Time
s -at word family.
Blocks Different syllables. -at family.
Bat counting. Introducing theme words. Relational Words.
Creating bat caves. Number combinations Practicing writing theme Spider puzzle game
that equal 8. words. Where do bats live?
Bat sorting 1-10 Standards: Letter matching
Performance
Phonology- Students identify number of syllables in a spoken word.
Identify uppercase and lowercase letters when shown out of order.
Oral Language- Make simple comparisons using positional words.
Dramatic Play Science- making scientific observations using the five senses.
Count, order, and sort products by their observable properties.
Routines/Transition
What do we do if there Math- Recognize, reproduce, extend and create repeating patterns s
is a spider in the using movement, sounds, color, shapes, numbers and textures.
house? 1-2-3 eyes on me!
Have you ever seen a Recognize, reproduce, extend and create repeating patterns using
movement, sounds, color, shapes, numbers and textures. 1-2 eyes on you!
bat?
Art
Health
Spider cooking Washing our hands after Science/Sensory/
Outdoors
project.
Where do spiders live?
we use the bathroom? Cooking
Glitter spider web.
Do we see any spiders?
Spider headband. What happens if we don’t Cooking a spider snack.
High Flying Bats wash our hands?
Planning Web
Each box is filled in based upon the learning centers and routines in the program. This form may be enlarged to
enhance its usefulness.
Performance Standards:
Phonological Awareness: Produce groups of words orally that
begin with the same initial sounds.
Phonics: Demonstrate letter-sound correspondence for all single
consonants.
Math: Sort and classify objects by attributes, including size, shape,
color, texture, orientation, position and use, and explain the reason
for each sort.
Math: Locate yesterday, today and tomorrow on a calendar to
sequence events, and use terms such as before and after to
compare events.
Weekly Calendar
Teachers: ______________________________________________ Week:
_____________________________________
Performance Standards:
_____________________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
APPENDIX E
Suggestions for
Long-Term Organization of Observations
Suggestions for Long-Term Organization of Observations
If the teacher elects to use the Class Observation Form (page 65) with “sticky notes”
to collect observations of many children on this one form, the teacher may want to
experiment with the following method to organize the notes for each child.
The Organization of Child Observations Form (on pages 70-75) is set up so that
all 30 performance standards appear in order (from P & S 1 to CRE 4). The spaces on
this form correspond in size to the spaces and “sticky notes” that can be used on the
Class Observation Form.
Each week or two, after collecting observations on “sticky notes” using the
Class Observation Form, these notes can be transferred to each child’s Organization of
Child Observations Form. The date must be put on each observational note (as seen in
the sample observational note on page 20), or copy the date from the top of the Class
Observation Form onto each “sticky note.” The “sticky note” should also indicate the
benchmark selected, so as to have this information for each child.
If the Organization of Child Observations Forms are kept in a loose-leaf
notebook with a tab for each child, there will be a record on each child organized to
enable the teacher to complete the Child Profile Form more easily. The teacher can
also flip through the book to get an idea of which children were not observed for a
sufficient number of opportunities on particular performance standards. The teacher
then can create additional activities based upon children’s interests, and can plan to
focus on these children when they select newly planned activities.
Another way to ease recording is to set up a blank Class Observation Form at
the beginning of the year with the names of all children in the class before the
performance standard and benchmarks are placed at the top of the page. If multiple
copies of these blanks are made with the children's names, the teacher can simply
place each performance standard and related benchmarks at the top of the page as
the standard is selected as a focus, and the teacher will be ready to use the form in
the classroom. To make this easier, the Chart of Performance Standards and
Benchmarks located on pages 76-79 can be copied and pasted on the Class
Observation Form as needed.
ORGANIZATION OF CHILD OBSERVATION FORM
Child______________________ Teachers____________________ Dates________-
_________
P&S1
Shows self-
direction
P&S 2
Sustains
attention to
task
P&S 3
Participates in
teacher-led
group activities
P&S4
Manages
transitions,
follows routines
and rules
P&S5
Uses words to
express
emotions
ORGANIZATION OF CHILD OBSERVATION FORM
Child______________________ Teachers____________________ Dates________-
_________
P&S6
Shows
empathy and
caring for
others
P&S 7
Interacts
cooperatively
with peers
P&S 8
Works to
resolve
conflicts
P&S9
Recognizes
similarities and
appreciates
differences
PHY 1
Uses
coordinated
large-muscle
movements
ORGANIZATION OF CHILD OBSERVATION FORM
Child______________________ Teachers____________________ Dates________-
_________
PHY 2
Uses
coordinated
small-muscle
movements
PHY 3
COG 1
Engages in
scientific
inquiry
COG 2
Uses a variety
of strategies to
solve problems
COG 3
Sorts objects
ORGANIZATION OF CHILD OBSERVATION FORM
Child______________________ Teachers____________________ Dates________-
_________
COG 4
Recognizes and
makes patterns
COG 5
Compares and
orders objects
and events
COG 6
Relates
number to
quantity
COG 7
Demonstrates
spatial
awareness
COG 8
Uses complex
sentences and
vocabulary to
described ideas
and
experiences
ORGANIZATION OF CHILD OBSERVATION FORM
Child______________________ Teachers____________________ Dates________-
_________
COG 9
Understands
and
participates in
conversations
COG 10
Shows
understanding
of stories
COG 11
Displays
knowledge of
books and print
COG 12
Recognizes
similar sounds
in speech
COG 13
Identifies
printed words
ORGANIZATION OF CHILD OBSERVATION FORM
Child______________________ Teachers____________________ Dates________-
_________
COG 14
Uses writing to
convey
meaning
CRE 1
Builds and
constructs to
represent own
ideas
CRE 2
Draws and
paints to
represent own
ideas
CRE 3
Represents
experiences
and fantasy in
pretend play
CRE 4
Sings and
responds to
music
Chart of Performance Standards and Benchmarks
Personal and Social
P&S1 Shows self-direction with range of materials.
Selects and uses a limited Selects familiar materials; Usually participates in both Independently selects and
range of familiar materials participates in unfamiliar familiar and unfamiliar activities participates in a variety of
activities with teacher support activities
P&S2 Sustains attention to task
Sustains attention primarily to Sustains attention to high- Sustains attention to variety of Persists in both self-selected
self-selected, high interest interest, self-selected task until self-selected tasks until and teacher-directed tasks
tasks complete or reaches frustration complete despite some until task is completed
level frustration
P&S3 Participates in teacher-led group activities
Stays briefly in a small group Joins small group (up to 10) in Willingly participates in most Actively participates in whole-
(up to 5) with teacher high- interest activities; usually whole- group activities group activities and usually
encouragement participates waits turn
P&S4 Manages transitions, follows routines and rules
Makes transitions and follows Makes transitions and follows Makes transitions and follows Anticipates transitions and
basic routines and rules with basic routines and rules with routines and rules when given follows routines and rules
teacher supervision occasional reminders signal independently
P&S5 Uses words to express emotions or feelings
Expresses desires or feelings, Sometimes expresses desires or Independently identifies own Independently identifies own
primarily nonverbally feelings using words feelings related to a cause feelings and their cause using
using words words
P&S6 Shows empathy and caring for others
Sometimes notices and reacts Usually notices and reacts to a Offers to help peer in need Understands when others’
to a familiar peer’s delight or familiar peer’s delight or distress needs are different from own
distress
P&S7 Interacts cooperatively with peers
Works/plays alongside others Works/plays in association with Works/plays cooperatively with Sustains cooperative activities
another child a few others with a range of children
P&S8 Works to resolve conflicts
Gives in or uses physical force Seeks and accepts teacher help Develops solutions and works to Begins to solve conflicts
to solve conflicts to solve conflicts with peers resolve conflicts with teacher directly with peers using
support appropriate strategies
P&S9 Recognizes similarities and appreciates differences
Identifies self, family members, Shows awareness of similarities Shows awareness of similarities Demonstrates respect for
teachers and some peers by and differences among own and differences among peers differences among others
name family members
Physical
PHY 1 Uses coordinated large-muscle movements
Moves with some large-muscle Moves with increased large- Coordinates several Coordinates more complex
control muscle control and coordination movements, such as running movements with increasing
and jumping control, balance and accuracy
PHY 2 Uses coordinated small-muscle movements
Uses fingers to take apart and Uses eye-hand coordination to Uses eye-hand coordination to Uses opposing hand
put together small objects manipulate small objects with manipulate even smaller movements to cut and draw
increasing precision objects with refined precision with control
PHY 3 Cares for self independently
Performs self-care tasks with Attempts to dress, eat and toilet Manages most aspects of Dresses, eats and toilets
teacher’s help independently with some success dressing, eating and toileting independently
independently
Cognitive
COG 1 Engages in scientific inquiry
Observes or explores and Experiments, observes and Experiments, observes Describes, predicts and plans
notices effects comments purposefully and describes how for purposeful exploration or
effects vary observation
COG 2 Uses a variety of strategies to solve problems
Moves to another activity when Imitates other child’s or repeats Tries several strategies to solve Creates and uses alternative
confronted with a problem own strategy to solve a problem a problem with teacher support strategies to solve problems
independently
COG 3 Sorts objects
Uses inconsistent sorting Sorts on the basis of one attribute Sorts consistently on the basis Sorts the same objects in more
strategies with teacher support of one attribute independently than one way, such as color,
and tells reason shape, size, function
COG 4 Recognizes and makes patterns
Notices similarities and Repeats simple pattern Creates and describes simple Creates and describes complex
differences in items in a series pattern patterns
COG 5 Compares and orders objects and events
Notices similarities and Makes simple comparisons and Sequences and makes verbal Verbally compares and orders
differences in objects orders several events and objects comparisons on visible based on non-visible attributes
attributes such as time, weight
COG 6 Relates number to quantity
Uses number-related Rote counts to 10 and uses Counts 10-20 objects and puts Counts 10-20 objects and
vocabulary number- related vocabulary with two groups of 5-10 objects in 1- identifies groups of objects
some accuracy to-1 correspondence with less, same or more
COG 7 Demonstrates spatial awareness
Shows understanding of basic Understands and uses several Uses more complex positional Understands the relative
positional words positional words words and represents position nature of positional concepts
in work
COG 8 Uses complex sentences and vocabulary to describe ideas and experiences
Uses short, simple phrases or Uses a sentence of five or more Uses a series of at least two to Uses a series of more than
sentences words to express a thought three related sentences to tell three related sentences and
experiences or stories details to convey experiences
or stories
COG 9 Understands and participates in conversations
Understands and makes verbal Understands and participates in a Understands and participates in Understands and participates
responses to comments short conversational exchange an extended conversational in an extended conversational
exchange exchange about past and
future events or experiences
COG 10 Shows understanding of stories
Participates in story-related Makes connections between story Understands several aspects of Demonstrates clear
activities and own experiences or feelings story, such as characters or understanding of the main
events characters and sequence of
events in a story
COG 11 Displays knowledge of books and print
Holds book and turns pages Knows that the picture in book Understands that the printed Understands that printed
conventionally tell a story words convey the story words in book are read from
left to right and top to bottom
COG 12 Recognizes similar sounds in speech
Identifies common environmental Notices rhymes and/or similar Generates rhymes and/or Identifies words with similar
sounds beginning sounds similar beginning sounds in play sounds in work and play;
connects and matches some
sounds to letters
COG 13 Identifies printed words
Recognizes visual symbols in the Identifies some printed words Identifies some familiar printed Uses knowledge of sounds and
environment in the context of the words out of context letters to identify words in print
environment
COG 14 Uses writing to convey meaning
Uses writing tools to make Writes messages using Writes messages using letter- Writes messages using several
scribbles scribbles like shapes and some conventional words
conventional letters
Creative Expression
CRE 1 Builds and constructs to represent own ideas
Explores with sensory and Uses sensory and building Creates simple constructions to Creates elaborate
building materials in repetitive materials with purpose represent own ideas constructions to represent own
manner ideas
CRE 2 Draws and paints to represent own ideas
Draws and paints, experimenting Draws or paints with some Creates more complex Represents with multiple
with line, shape and color control and own purpose representations, experimenting details and a sense of space
with materials
CRE 3 Represents experiences and fantasies in pretend play
Plays alone and imitates simple Engages in parallel and Engages in cooperative-role Engages in extended, planned
aspects of a role using realistic associative play with peers play with peers cooperative role-play with
props and sounds peers
CRE 4 Sings and responds to music
Reacts to music with consistent Repeats parts of simple songs Sings simple songs and Adjusts singing and movement
responses and responds to beat in music responds to changes in music in response to changes in pitch
with voice or body and rhythm
APPENDIX F
Summary Forms
Child Record
Child’s Name:__________________________ Date of
Birth:________/________/_______
Teacher(s):_____________________________ ____________________________________
Program:_______________________________
Phone:______________________________
Address of
Program:_____________________________________________________________
Dates child attended program: From: (m)_____/(y)_____ to:
(m)_____/(y)_____
Dates form completed:Time.1(m)___/(y)____ Time.2(m)____/(y)____
Time.3(m)____/(y)____
For children whose dominant language is not English also complete the following:
Child speaks English clearly: Child understands English:
___ Occasionally ___ Occasionally
___ Sometimes ___ Sometimes
___ Mostly ___ Mostly
Context:
Child’s Words:
Context:
Child’s Words:
Context:
Child’s Words:
Narrative Summary
Child’s Name: __________ Child’s Age: (y) ___ (m) ___
Teachers: _______________________________ Report Date: (m) ___ /(y) ___
Program: ____