Neuromuskular:

ANATOMY
Alicia Yolandra
0910710031
PD-A FKUB 2009

SUB TOPIK 2 : THE SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES (THE UPPER LIMB)

1. a. The rotator cuff is composed of the tendons of four scapular muscles : the supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The rotator cuff reinforces the joint capsule
and holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity of the scapula during movements
at the shoulder joint. Therefore they assist in stabilizing the shoulder joint. The cuff lies on
the anterior, superior, and posterior aspect of the joint. The cuff is deficient inferiorly, and
this is a site of potential weakness

b.

c.

d.

2. Muscles in the anterior compartement of the arm act mainly to flex the elbow joint, while
muscles in the posterior compartement to extend the elbow joint
Muscles in the anterior compartement of the forearm flex the wrist and digits and pronate the
hand. Muscles in the posterior compartment extend the wrist and digits and supinate the
hand.

3.

4.

5.

6. The location of those arteries that can be palpated or compressed in emergency:

 A. subclavia : in the root of the posterior triangle, (as it crosses costae I to become a.
axillaries)
 3rd part of a.axillaris : in front of m. teres major
 A. brachialis : as it lies on m. brachialis
 A. radialis : in front of the distal end of the radius, in the anatomical snuff box
 A. ulnaris : as it crosses anterior to the flexor retinaculum
7. The axilla, or arm pit is a pyramid shaped space between the upper part of the arm and the
side of the chest. The apex is directed into the root of the neck and is bounded in front by the
clavicula, behind by the upper border of the scapula, and medially by the outer border of
costae I. The base is bounded in front by the anterior axillary fold, behind by posterior axillary
fold, and medially by the chest wall.
∞ Walls of the Axilla :
 Anterior wall : M. pectoralis major, subclavius, pectoralsi minor
 Posterior wall : M subscapularis, latissimus drosi, teres major (from above down)
 Medial wall : costae I – IV or V, m. serratus anterior
 Lateral wall : M. coracobrachialis, biceps brachii
∞ Contens of the axilla :
 Arteri and axillaris vein
 Part of vena cephalica
 Part of plexus brachialis
 R. cutaneus lateralis nn. intercostalis
 N. thoracalis longus
 N. intercostobrachialis
 Axillaris lymphonode

8.

9.

10. a. The fossa cubiti is a triangularly shaped depression that lies in front of the elbow and is
formed by muscles anterior to the elbow joint
∞ Boundaries :
 Laterally : m. brachioradialis
 Medially : m. pronator teres
 The base : is formed by an imaginary line drawsn between the two epicondyles of the
humerus
 The floor : is formed by the m. supinator (lateral) and m. brachialis (medial)
 The roof : is formed by skin and fascia and is reinforced by aponeurosis bicipitalis
 ∞ Contens : The contents of the fossa cubiti enumerated from the medial to the lateral
side: n. medianus, the bifurcation of the a. brachialis into a.radialis and a.
ulnaris, tendon of m. biceps brachii, n. radialis
b.

11. The carpal tunnel is a tunnel which is formed by the ossa carpalia and the flexor of
retinaculum (a thickening of deep fascia that holds the long flexor tendons in position at the
wirst). It is for the passage of the n. medianus and the flexor tendons of the thumb and
fingers.
It is clinical importance because n. medianus lies in a restricted space between the tendons
of the m. f lexor digitorum superficialis and the m. flexor carpi radialis so it can be
compressed by arthritic changes in the wrist joint, synovial sheath thickening or oedema.

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