Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Module
for
The numerical integration technique known as "Simpson's 3/8 rule" is credited to the mathematician Thomas Simpson (1710-1761)
of Leicestershire, England. His also worked in the areas of numerical interpolation and probability theory.
This is an numerical approximation to the integral of over and we have the expression
The remainder term for Simpson's 3/8 rule is , where lies somewhere between , and have the
equality
Our next method of finding the area under a curve is by approximating that curve with a series of cubic
segments that lie above the intervals . When several cubics are used, we call it the composite Simpson's
3/8 rule.
Theorem (Composite Simpson's 3/8 Rule) Consider over . Suppose that the interval is subdivided
into subintervals of equal width by using the equally spaced sample points
Corollary (Simpson's 3/8 Rule: Remainder term) Suppose that is subdivided into subintervals
of width . The composite Simpson's 3/8 rule
Furthermore, if , then there exists a value with so that the error term has the form
Remark. When the step size is reduced by a factor of the remainder term should be reduced by approximately
.
by sampling at the equally spaced sample points for , where . Notice that
and .
Animations (Simpson's 3/8 Rule Simpson's 3/8 Rule). Internet hyperlinks to animations.
Example 1. Numerically approximate the integral by using Simpson's 3/8 rule with m = 1, 2, 4.
Solution 1.
Example 2. Numerically approximate the integral by using Simpson's 3/8 rule with m = 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160.
Solution 2.
Example 3. Find the analytic value of the integral (i.e. find the "true value").
Solution 3.
Example 4. Use the "true value" in example 3 and find the error for the Simpson' 3/8 rule approximations in example 2.
Solution 4.
Example 5. When the step size is reduced by a factor of the error term should be reduced by approximately
. Explore this phenomenon.
Solution 5.
Example 6. Numerically approximate the integral by using Simpson's 3/8 rule with m = 1, 2, 4.
Solution 6.
Example 7. Numerically approximate the integral by using Simpson's 3/8 rule with m = 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160.
Solution 7.
Example 8. Find the analytic value of the integral (i.e. find the "true value").
Solution 8.
Example 9. Use the "true value" in example 8 and find the error for the Simpson's 3/8 rule approximations in example 7.
Solution 9.
Example 10. When the step size is reduced by a factor of the error term should be reduced by approximately
. Explore this phenomenon.
Solution 10.
Example 11. Let over . Use Simpson's 3/8 rule to approximate the value of the integral.
Solution 11.
Animations (Simpson's 3/8 Rule Simpson's 3/8 Rule). Internet hyperlinks to animations.
Simpson's Rule for Numerical Integration Simpson's Rule for Numerical Integration Internet hyperlinks to web sites and a bibliography of
articles.
Download this Mathematica Notebook Simpson 's 3/8 Rule for Numerical Integration