DT Coursework

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Mood Board
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The above images are a collection of arts nouveau products which I collected to gain inspiration when designing my chair. From collecting theses images I have picked up on features
which apply to the design movement arts nouveau, for example the design movement is clearly inspired by nature as it involves floral patterns and natural materials. Also the design
movement reflects an elegant theme with curved lines and fine detail which are embossed on the products.
Natural theme < Exotic twist on the design movement
Arts Nouveau
Floral inspiration
Fabric
Mood Board
Floral patterns inspired by the arts nouveau movement
Designs tend to involve three contrasting colours
I like the colors in this pattern.
Arts nouveau was inspired by nature, this is reflected in this fabric
Complex design
I like the simplicity of these designs, and will try and

incorporate this in my design.
Pastel colours I will use this design to inspire the pattern I will create for my chair.
Deesign Brief
Marquetry Vertical
Curvy lines lines and height
Stylised flowers, Silver and semi-

leaves, roots, buds Inspiration precious stones
I have been approached by a local furniture boutique (popular choice of a chain of hotel brands looking for unique one off pieces) to design and create a product inspired
by the late 1800’s design movement of art nouveau. I will create a chair which can be viewable as an element of art as well as having the functionality of a normal chair
(support users weight, comfort, etc); I hope this will appeal to the boutiques owners and customers and possibly encourage the needed for a collection of products to be
made.
As I have been asked to design a chair based on the arts nouveau style, my product should include smooth, curved lines, inspiration from flower motifs, which should ideally
be included within fabric choices and the colouring should be kept to pale pastels (for fabric). In the past when arts nouveau was at it’s highest materials such as mahogany
and exposed iron where used, in order to reflect the design movement I will used similar materials but possibly cheap alternatives in order to keep the price of the product
reasonable for my target audience to buy.
I aim to target the chair towards customers of the boutique who range between early 20’s up to late 60’s plus, although they all may share a common love for furniture it is still
a large audience to try and please therefore I will target the age group 20 – 30 year olds. Why? Because furniture is not something which is bought on a daily basis, it is likely to
be bought if moving house or redecorating, and studies show it is more common for the young generation to either move house or revamp a previous look. Therefore they
are more likely to buy my finished product from the boutique; however because my target audience is younger my chair must have a modern twist to make it more
appealing to them, meaning my finished product will be retro arts nouveau piece.
Within the current market furniture is available in almost every style of design ranging from modern to classical, the majority of which is of a reasonable price range, from
previous research I discovered on average that chairs ranged from £5-£300 plus; depending on the design style and quality of finish this allowed me to gain an understanding
of the price I should aim for, based on my target audience. As my target audience is 20-30 years old, my product can have a fairly average price as my audience are likely to
be in accomplished jobs which pay well, personally I would say a price range of £120 - £200, based on the materials and quality of finish; as I can not expected them to pay
full price of an arts nouveau chair (£800 plus) as it will be a retro design chair inspired my arts nouveau.
T Coursework
When designing my chair I will have to take into account safety hazards, however this should be very little based on the age of my targeted audience, although my product
will need to reach a specific standard, i.e. the chair must be capable of withstanding user weight, it most be durable and last for a number of years.
Hotel lobby’s are

designed to welcome
a guest and make
them feel as if they’ve
walked into a palace.
The reception is the
first impression so often
the furniture is
designed for comfort
as well as
appearance.
Therefore if my chair was to be placed in a reception hall of

a hotel it needs to be designed for comfort but also include
an artistic design feature enhancing the atheistic of the
chair. Also the furniture in the hotel reception all
If a hotel branch where to purchase my chair from the boutique it is likely to be compliment one another, as I am not designing a set my
placed in a reception hall, as an artistic feature making the room comfortable and
DT
chair will need to be neutral to fit in with the design of

appealing environment for those arriving at the hotel. I will use the above images numerous reception. From the images it appears white and
as inspiration when designing my chair , keeping in mind the environment it is likely natural woods are nominated colours which can be
too be placed in and how the chair needs to function for users capably as well as
it’s environment.
applied in various settings and match the atheistic code of
the room. Vicky Hoey
Who ever has Original product would be
design this The product is Accessible aimed at regal to highly paid The mahogany could be re-
The product user & re paint for other
chair has manufactured via the families during its peak in the
which has been This product is products in future
probably well, therefore internet to late 19th century
re-created is reasonably
gathered is good value for purchase Price
a lot cheaper affordable for a But…?
inspiration money range is
than original chair as it is not a
from original to Taking the
therefore has product you would None of the wood is
designers of pricey ergonomics of the
no social but on a regular The product cost
the art recycled product into

considerations basis £320.00 The product is aimed at a
Nouveau account
as it is wide audience because… The product does
movement such
affordable for Retail cost not have any Accustomed to Attached
as Alfons
the majority. major average scale of below
Mucha
environmental human separate
omer
Co features. layer
st t
The product en
Cust
Inspiration Aesthetics nm Dimensions:
has a stylish iro
Env (H)92 x (W)66 x (D)60cms
finish There are no
pins sticking
To improve the
The product I am assessing Size out of fabric
product the colour,
pattern and possibly is very plane when compared
texture could be to original designs with flower
improved motif designs.
uct Features The product
Manufacturing p r od has rounded
t he ed
nufacturing
Suggestions…?
is likely e piec nd Safety edges
I t b ha
Quilted Flower would er by
Motifs This product could either be t h
texture produced in batch or mass t og e Fu The product does what it
Material & Ma
g nc is designed to do, however
Pastel colours – production depending on the rtisin Usual tio
pinks, blues, greys demand Adve patterns
n it could be improved by
you would cushioning out the frame
Summary find on making more comfortable
This product is advertise on an art
On this page I have analysed an arts the internet, meaning it is nouveau The function of the product
nouveau chair using ‘ACCES FM AM’ Materials designed
openly advertised to anyone is to be a ‘chair’
which stands for : product
across the globe with internet
. Atheistic
. Cost access
Mahogany Fabrics
. Customer
. Environment Doesn’t
. Size Durable
rot Allowing
. Function PORTOFINO LOUIS CHAIR
. Materials someone to
. Advertising Material/Style: Hand Painted Mahogany sit on it
. Manufacturing
This research has allowed me to gain a Overall Dimensions: (H)92 x (W)66 x (D)60cms
greater understanding of my chosen
design movement – arts nouveau. To the left is an image of the product I am assessing, it is a re-creation of an art nouveau inspired arm chair.
This product comes in at the price of £320 and is buyable of a private interior company on the internet
The style grew in popularity due to the The initially called Mucha (after Alfons
demand and was announced the new artistic Mucha) Style soon became known as Art
You can see pattern resembles style of the century. Nouveau
within Alfons Mucha’s poster
He produced a lithographed poster, which
appeared on in the streets of Paris as an Strongly felt throughout Europe, from
advertisement for the play. Glasgow to Moscow and Moscow to Spain
but its influence was global.
e.g. opals
The advertisement
The craft of Alfons Mucha
covering a frame Silver and semi-precious The movement was strongly influenced
by Czech artist Alfons Mucha When decorative art Fifteen year peak
with pieces of stones was at its peak.
veneer forming Stylised flowers,
decorative leaves, roots, buds botanical research
patterns The design movement peaked in the late 19th Arts nouveau was an
flowing curvilinear forms century (and early 20th C) around 1890 and international design
Vertical lines and continue to be a popular design choice up until 1905 movement of style art
Marquetry height plant-inspired motifs and architecture
Style Curvy lines Inspiration
Pastel colours tory
floral The His
The female form rococo style
Exotic woods Definitions of art nouveau
Art nouveau is
In Germany it is pronounced slightly French for 'new
Pre- Woods differently, ‘Jugendstil’, translated it art'.
Raphaelite such as means youth style, it was given that
pose with mahogany Interior Products name because of the magazine
long, flowing Materials used Emile Gallé was at the Global Impact Jugend, which promoted it
hair center of the school of
thought in Nancy Magazines like Jugend
exposed iron helped spread the style
in Germany,
Irregularly shaped In architecture
pieces of glass In France, Hector
Arches and doors are Guimard's metro
common, and decorative entrances shaped the
Hyperbolas and parabolas in moldings 'grow' into plant landscape of Paris
windows formed patterns Each designer put their own
mark on the movement of art Victor Horta had a
Hyperbola is a smooth planar Parabola is a conic section decisive impact on Vienna Secessionists influenced art
nouveau through the products
curve (resembles a cone) architecture in and architecture throughout Austria-
they created varying form
furniture to jewellery and Belgium Hungary
Victor Horta architecture
Charles Rennie Mackintosh Rene Lalique
Alfons Mucha Designers Gustav Klimt Summary

On this page you can see the research I have gather on my chosen design
Emile Galle Hector Guimard movement, arts nouveau. I will use this research as inspiration when initially
Examples of art Louis Comfort Tiffany designing my chair. The research has given me a greater understanding in to
Antoni Gaudi the design movement i.e. on some of designers work I will look into further for
nouveau
more inspiration.
In
nterview
What are the key aspects of a chair?
Name: Angela James
When analysing a chair I would at first expect the basic ergonomics and anthropometrics factors to be
applied, secondly I would look at design features i.e. the fabrics, cushions used, etc. Status: Assistant manager of
Which design movement is the most popular in store? “furniture boutique” Gem’s.
Within our boutique we sell a variety of designs varying from modern/retro designs to classical art deco
inspired furniture, however in the recent moths we have seen a demand for retro 60’s furniture. DOB: 02 / 04 / 1978
What price range would you suggests for and arts nouveau inspired chair (retro design) ?
The price of the chair really depends on the quality finish of the product, for example a hand made chair I chose to interview Angela James because being an
finish to perfection can range from £1000 plus; however from a retailers point of view an arts nouveau assistant manager at a furniture boutique she is
inspired chair made via a processes of manufacturing (e.g. mass production) would come in at round aware of the most popular designs; also who was
£180 - £200+ but this can be higher or lower depending on the retailing source. Also I would advice to purchasing specific design styles (target audience)
have both an expensive quality finish chair as well as a cheaper option (still with decent quality finish) this and how often. Also being a private firm the customer
allows you to target a larger audience is able to banter with the price of the product allowing
the store to know what a reasonable price range
Who would you advise I aim my product towards (target audience) ? would be for the specific products.
Based on your choice of design I would say that you chair would appeal more to the upper class –
business men and women, in the late 20’s 30’s.
Why?
The design movement is decorative and elegant with nature inspired designs, many people may like this design but the price range may to high to purchase just one
item, when at various retailers you could purchase two or three chairs of a similar design, therefore a target audience with a successful job are more likely to “splash their
cash”.
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Should I design a chair of high quality but affordability then?

You could, but if the chair was taken to market and produced professionally it is likely the chairs quality would suffer; even if the product was purchased rapidly your profit
from the product would be re-invested in the purchasing of materials, labour and factory costs.
.
What materials would be recommended to use to build my chair?
If you wanted to achieve a chair fully inspired by arts nouveau I would recommend using a wood such as mahogany but this would be expensive, a cheaper option
would be MDF and use a varnish to give the appearance of an exotic wood, however this would affect the pricing of the product.
Should I create a chair with other optional functions, such as a storage unit?
A chair with other optional functions will surely gain attention from our customers but whether it will be in popular demand really depends upon circumstances. For
example you could include a storage unit on a light which could enhance a designer window on your chair.
Could I produce any promotional material to help advertise the product?

I guess you could, the advertisements would also help promote our boutique and thus increase our range of customers. The advertisements could also be designed to
target different target groups, as I have recommended the target bracket of 20-30’s however promotional material could affect the out come of this.
Where are people likely to place the chair?

This can vary, some customers buy our boutiques furniture to use in their own homes and sometimes we have cooperate business interested in some pieces which they
buy in bulk to use in their chains across the country.
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Should I create chair which functions as an element of art or a chair designed for comfort ?
I would advice trying to incorporate both ideas. As a chair needs to be comfortable for the user to sit on but if its ‘ugly’ no one will be interested in buying it, so in theory
you should aim to design a chair which is visually intriguing as well as comfortable for a user therefore you need taken into account human ergonomics.
Vicky Hoey
In
nterview continued
What colours would you recommended I use?

If you where to use wood I would recommend using a varnish to simply enhance the natural grain of the wood reflecting the element of nature which is present in the
design movement art nouveau. You could also involve some form of metal which was also a material used in the design movement, possibly as legs or to enhance
detailing on the arm of your chair.
Should I take environmental factors in to account when designing?

I suppose you could as in the current situation people are more likely to want buy something environmentally friendly because it will make them feel as if they are doing
good. I would recommended using recycled elements to create your chair e.g. Woods, fabrics (as they can recycled down again when the chair is no longer needed), by
doing so you are likely to achieve a environmentally friendly product.
I asked 30 customers of the boutique a series of questions in order to gain an understanding of who my target audience where and what they where looking in a chair,
below are graphs representing my results :
How often do you shop in this boutique? What age bracket do you fall in to ? Is arts nouveau a good choice for a design movement? How much would you pay for an arts nouveau inspired
chair?
12 16 18
16 16
14
10 14
14
12
Number of people
Number of people
Number of people
number of people
12 12
8
10 10
10
6 8 8
8
6 6
4 6
4
4 4
2 2
2 2
0
0 0 0 £100 - £200 £300 - £400 £500 - £600 £700 - £800 £900 - £1000
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly One off Teenager Young adult Adult Elderly Yes No Maybe +
how often they shop Age brackets Opinion Price range
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Should the chair have other optional functions, if yes What materials should the chair be made form? What would be the key aspect in making you buy the Would you like the option to be able to personalise the
tick one of the following options ? chair? chair?
14
14 9 16
12
12 8 14
Number of people
10 7
Number of people
Number of people
Number of people
12
10
6
8 10
8 5
6 8
6 4
6
4 3
4
2 4
2 2
1 2
0 0 0 0
Storage unit Lights Cup holders Speakers Wood Metal Plastic Materials Colours Quality Design Extra features Yes No Maybe
Options Materials Key aspects Opinion
Summary :The results collected show that that the prime target audience using the boutique are aged between young – middle aged adults who generally visit the store
on a weekly basis to browse for new and unique piece which may have been delivered in the week. I also learnt that the majority of customers would be willing to pay
£100-£200 for a arts nouveau inspired chair , however this could vary based on the quality of finish, patterns used, etc. I also gathered information about what would be
the most suitable material, and it seemed the majority of customers would prefer to have wooden chair but some made notes on the questionnaire sheet referring to
adding cushions for maximum comfort. Overall the survey has allowed me to gain a greater understanding of my target audience and what they would find appealing.
Conclusion
DT
To conclude from asking Angela I have learnt how I should adapt the design of my chair, also by getting someone else point of view it has allowed me to gain a wider
knowledge of my designs and how they can be improved; it has also shed light on features which I may not have noticed. Also the survey carried out by customers of
Vicky Hoey
boutique has given me a greater understanding of my potential audience and what feature would appeal to them, ( ranging from price range to poss-
ible storage units)
Comparing products
Product # 1 Product # 2
Atheistic – the candle holder has a simple but stylish deign which is Atheistic – This candle is the most atheistically pleasing out of the four as it includes elements of
appealing to a large audience. It has a high quality finish reflecting it’s a colour it is design, making it more eye catching when lit. It appears the designer may have
professionally made product. Score: 6 /10 taken inspiration from nature as it resembles the shape of a plant. Score: 8/10
Cost – The candle holder is available as a twin set costing £12.99 from Argos, Cost – The candle holder costs £9.99 making it an affordable price for a range of customers. It is
meaning they are mid-priced and affordable for a large target market. available from a local gardening score. The fact it is sold in a garden store could reflect the idea
Score: 4/10 that the candle holder is capable of with standing weathering and could be used as a candle
holder outside on a garden table. Score: 6 /10
Customer – The candle holder is simple and could be appealing to both a
male and female audience, however I feel that the shape of the frame Customer – The candle holder could appeal to a vast audience but the colours chosen in this
(circular, swirls) would be more appealing to females. Score: 4 /10 particular model reflect an feminine input (pinks, purples), this could limit the amount purchased
by the male audience. Also it is more likely to aimed at women as it is morecommon for them to
Environment – the candle holder is made up of the materials glass and
purchase a decorative candle holder. Score: 5/10
pewter both which can be recycled.
Environment – The product is made of glass which can be recycled by breaking the product
Each material is broke down and mixed wit raw materials before being formed into a new product. Score: 6/10
down and mixing with raw materials to form a fresh material product to be reformed into something new. Score: 7/10
Safety – the bubble in which the tea light is stored contains a weight in order to avoid the candle holder from
Safety – The product has be designed well as it is balanced and weighted to avoid the product form falling over. However the
falling over. The candle also has a circular base increasing the surface area of the product meaning it is less likely
design could be developed by having a window at the back so the tea light could be easily lit as the design currently could be
to fall over due to the weight of the structure. Score: 7/10
harmful to a user when light the tea light as the could be burnt. Score: 4 /10
Size – dimensions = 185mm x 65mm and the frame work being 5mm thick. This is an acceptable size for a feature Size – Being a singular candle holder is likely to be the main feature as a table decoration therefore it needs to take up as minimal
candle holder as it can be place in majority of locations and take up a minimal amount of space. Score: 7/10 space as possible, the candle holders dimensions are, 150mm x 80mm x 2mm (if boxed off) making it and acceptable size. The
product can easily be lifted with one hand meaning it can be moved simple and quickly if the need should arise. Score: 6/10
Function – The candle holders primarily function is to store a tea light and presented it as appealingly as possible,
which this design has achieved (even though it is a simple design) Function – The candle holder achieves it function to present a tea light in an artistic manner. Score: 8/10
Score: 7/10 Materials / Manufacturing – The product is made of glass and appears to have been blown in to shape. It is coated in broken
elements of colourful glass which have joined together by some form of cement which has be traced around the outline of the
Materials / Manufacturing – The candle holder is made up of pewter and glass, it is likely that the frame of the shards of glass. Score: 7/10
candle holder would under gone the process of sand casting. The glass bauble is likely to have be blown to
create the sphere shape whilst retaining thickness of the wall. Score: 6/10 Summary – Over all the candle scored 51 points based on my evaluation, putting in 1st I feel that this scores highly due to the use of
colour as out of the four designs it is the most eye catching. However because it isn’t as neutral as the other design this could limit
Summary – Over all the candle scored 34 points based on my evaluation, putting in 3rd from evaluating the other the amount of consumers willing to buy. However the idea that the candle could be used inside as well as outside as inside could
products I feel that the design is simple but this work making it appealing to a large audience, but could be be appealing to some customers of the garden store. The product could improved, due to the shape the tea light is hard to light
improved with an greater use of colour. Score: 47/80 can could burn the user therefore the tea light should be raised (similar to product # 1) so it can easily be removed and lit and
placed back in again without being blown out (current problem). Score: 51/80
Product # 3
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Atheistic – The design is basic and simple meaning it

Product # 4
would appeal to variety of customers. Also by having a
simple design it means it cod be located anywhere as Atheistic – The product appears to have been inspired by nature as it resembles a flower The
the clear glass will not clash with any colours and there feature which contains the tea light is made up of clouded glass which dims the brightness of tea
is also the option to swap the classic white tea lights for light when lit creating a softer lighting. Score: 6/10
coloured tea lights to fit in with a room. The product is
also quite heavy for its size and if placed on a flat Cost – This candle holder was £8 from the store Marks and Spencer's (avaliable as a twin set)
surface a user may struggle to pick up with one hand. meaning it is affordable for the majority of people and being sold in high street store means the
Score: 3/10 products has large possible target audience. Score: 6 /10
Cost – The candle holder was £4 from the store Customer – The product has be designed to meet the standards of Marks and Spencer's typical
matalan, it is the cheapest out of the four products, this customers, therefore an older sophisticated audience. Score: 6/10
is reflected in the simplicity of the design. The product is Environment – Like the other three case studies the candle holder is also made of glass therefore
cheap and affordable for all social classes. Score: 6/10 can be easily be recycled. The base is made of a form of acrylic which is a thermoplastic
Customer – I think that males are more likely to buy this product out of the four case studies because it is a meaning it can reheated and reshaped making the candle recyclable as the base can be
simple basic design. Score: 5/10 melted and reused in a new product. Score: 7/10
Safety – Like product # 2 the design could be adapted for safety by creating a window or making the flower feature removable so a
Environment – Once tea lights are removed the slab of glass could be easily recycled by breaking down and user could light the tea light without burring their hand. However the product is well balanced therefore will to easily be knocked over
mixing with raw materials making the product environmentally friendly to an extent. Score: 7/10 risking fire hazards. Score: 4 /10
Safety – The candle holder is quite heavy for it size so if dropped it could cause damage, but it the candle has Size – Products # 4’s base as the dimensions of 110mm x 110mm x9mm which supports a floral feature with dimensions of 145mm x
been designed to avoid any fire hazards – cut out holes for candle holders meaning they can’t be knocked or 185mm x 1mm. The dimensions are suited tot the product as it is light and easy to move. Score: 6/10
move easily with human assistance. Score: 5 /10
Function – The candle holder function is to ‘hold’ tea lights and present them to a user in a appealing format, which this candle
Size – The product is spherical shape with the dimensions 200mm x 200mm x 30mm. The candle holder is also achieves. Score: 6/10
quite heavy considering its dimensions. It is also quite a large candle holder taking up a considerably amount
of surface area this could be seen as problem based on where the customer has planned to place it. Score: Materials / Manufacturing – This candle holder would be produced in various stages for example the base could be made out of a
4/10 form of HDPE plastic resembling glass this would created via the processes of injection moulding. Adding specific pigments during the
processes of injection moulding would affect the properties of the HDPE granules and manipulate the atheistic to resemble glass.
Function – It’s function if to present tea lights in a artistic or appealing way, this deign is simple and relatively Score: 7/10
boring. Score: 2/10
Summary – Over all the candle scored 51 points based on my evaluation, putting in 2st position; this could be due to the design as it has
Materials / Manufacturing – This product could have be manufactured via injection molding if plastic was used the a greater atheistic appeal than product # 1 and # 3. Also the product can be recycled making it a popular choice for customer
but the selected material is glass therefore the a CNC machine or traditional glass cutter would be used to because of the current climate and need to recycle. Score: 48/80
DT
produce the circular base of the candle holder. Score: 7/10

Summary – Over all the candle scored 39 points based on my evaluation, putting in 4th place. This is probably Over all the product # 2 scored the highest based on my evaluation, therefore I will take in
the most basic design out of the four candle holders but this is to suit the large target audience the to account the features of that candle holder and try and apply them when creating my
department store are trying to appeal too. The price also reflects the manufacturing processes, product # 3 is
likely to be produced in ‘batches’ to meet the demands of the customers who have an affect on the target
own candle holder. Although the manufacturing methods and materials will have to be
adapted based on what I have access to in school.
Viccky Hoey
audience = social class the department store are targeting. Score: 39 /80
hair Evaluation
Ch
This a front view of the garden chair, you can see the frame of the chair is made of aluminium
tubing, meaning it is light and portable .
You can also see the plastic mesh making up the seated section
Atheistic
The product is sturdy but will only last a certain amount of time, which is what Safety feature :
the designer has intended; chair needs to be replace meaning more income for Extra bracketing enforcing sturdiness to the
company. The chair has an acceptable quality finish with spray painted chair. Has the ability to take a greater
aluminium tubing and fabric mesh for the seated section. amount of weight.
Cost
This chair is relatively cheap compared to similar products on the market. The
chair comes as a set of 6 including 5 identical garden chairs and a table which
comes in at a price range of £30, meaning the singular chair costs only £5,
however the quality is reflected through this price.
Customer
Dimensions match to proportion of
The product is aimed at people who have a garden as the chair is from a average human, this is for maximum
garden table set. The chair would be no use to someone who doesn’t have a comfort.
garden as its function is to be a durable garden chair.
i.e. rest arms are specific height for a
Size reason.
Dimensions : (H) ?mm x (W) ?mm x (L) ?mm

Function
The function of this product is to be a durable garden chair which can be left out in all weathers
but still be reliable, the designers have tried to achieve this my using a plastic mesh for the seated
section meaning it is almost waterproof. …
T Coursework
Manufacturing
Bracket allowing for the chair to folded in
This product is likely to be produce through the process of batch or mass production. Also it is halve meaning it has the ability to be stored
likely that the aluminum tubing used for the legs of the chair where created via the process of easily and takes up as little space as
blow moulding to create the cylinder like shape. possible.
Advertising This is a back view of the chair you can also
This product is advertised as a set of six promoting ‘value for money’ to the buyer; due to the see a safety feature high lighted below.
current money situation people are buying cheap items. This product is also advertised within in The rubber end of . the chair makes
a garden relating to its function of a garden chair. means that the chair doesn’t
Material scratch the floor (or patio-
garden chair). It also means that
The materials that are used within the chair are aluminum tubing and plastic mesh. The the chair is not in danger of
aluminum tubing creating the frame; this also makes the chair light weight and portable harming the user i.e. scratching /
meaning it can easily be moved around the garden or take out on day trips to beach. The collapsing, helps strengthen the
plastic mesh is useful a s it is durable and weather proof to a certain extent. sturdiness of the garden chair
Safety
The majority of safety issues haven been taken into account with this product i.e. rounded
Summary:
corners, and bolted safely so the chair will not collapse when weight is applied. The chair also
has rubber ends on the chair for safety meaning the chair won’t scratch the floor or won’t tip By completing this sheet it has given me an insight to basic
over i.e. hard to rock backwards. ergonomics – how a chair is also designed to fit in with it’s
DT
Environment environment. This garden chair has a plastic mesh for the seating
area, a suitable material for all weather types. I have also learnt of the
The product does not have any initially obvious environmental factors, other than it would be
Vicky Hoey
safety features I must keep in mind when desig-
capable to recycle the chair frame but not the plastic mesh this could be used to create a new
ning my chair.
product.
aterials
Ma
Acrylic
Acrylic is a clear plastic which resembles glass

but has specific properties making it superior
MDF for example, acrylic is a thermo plastic
Medium-density fibreboard, or for short MDF is a meaning that the material can be re-heated
manmade board. MDF is produced via recycling and re-shaped numerous amounts of time,
hardwood or softwood into wood fibre. The wood also like all other forms of plastics, acrylic is
fibres are then combined with wax and a resin made up of a polymer, which involves the
binder; high pressure and temperatures are applied
bonding of molecules creating a material less

to bide the elements together thus forming a panel resistant to impact. Acrylic has the ability to
of MDF. be bent and shaped meaning it can be used
MDF would be a suitable material to use when
creating my chair in school because it is cheap and
to create various objects, for example in school I have bent sheets of acrylic to
readily available meaning I can afford to make
form triangular tubing for my candle holder. Another advantage of acrylic is that
mistakes during my designing process (trial and
is light weight and 93% see through (clear) meaning it could be used as a cheap
error). As MDF is man made board it’s properties are
option of a glass window. There are two different types of acrylic, extruded and
in the same direction therefore no grain, resulting in
cell cast. Extruded acrylic is also referred to as ‘continuous cast’, it is created via a
a stronger material as there are no spits or knots in
cheap process which results in a softer material which is scratched easier and is
likely to contain impurities. Cell cast acrylics a higher quality of acrylic which is
the wood. MDF can also be easily varnished to give the impression of a high quality created via a more expensive processes but results in a professional finish.
finish without exceeding a budget. This would be useful when creating my chair in When creating the window of my chair or the structure for my candle holder
school because if I was following a specific design movement which required an acrylic would be a suitable option as it is affordable and readily available in bulk.
exotic wood I could varnish MDF to give the impression of mahogany, for example. Also I am capable of cutting out designs on the material using the laser cutter in
order to achieve a high quality finish product
Pewter
Pine
Pewter is purchased in ingots and is a material Pine is a natural wood which can be re-shaped by
T Coursework
made up of two or more metals, making it an machinery as well as through the use of hand tools,
alloy. The majority of pewter alloys consist of the woods natural grain can also be enhanced by
96% tin and 4% copper, however this could vary applying stains and varnishes. However gluing the
depending what factors the creator wants to wood together or with other materials can be
enhance. Pewter is a malleable (soft) material troublesome as pine is a very resinous material. Pine
which can easily be shaped by hand tools to would be a suitable material choice if I was to
machinery. The metal has a low melting point, create my chair for industry, because it is an
230’c, making it a suitable choice of material affordable wood which
for casting. Also pewter is a bright material is readily available, as it is grown across Europe and UK, however the quality of the
wood varies based on the location; for example the UK material is 20% harder on
(shiny) making it a popular choice for ‘silverware’ manufactures, as it creates the the side grain and tougher, and from 15–30% more difficult to split, UK timber also
impression of a high quality finish, pewter is often user used as a base coat for has medium bending strength, where as Europe’s pine has low a bending strength.
silver plated products. Pewter would be a suitable choice to create the feet of my Pine would also be a good choice of material in industry because the heartwood
chair via the process of sand casting. Using pewter will allow b=me to produce species is moderately resistant to preservative treatment, but the sapwood species is
high quality feet with a professional finish (shine). permeable.
Pine
PMMA acrylic stands for Polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA is a transparent thermoplastic. In
industry PMMA would be a suitable choice of material if a product was to be made via the The diagram shows an illustration
processes of injection moulding. Another suitable material to use if applying the of an injection moulding
manufacturing method of injection moulding would be HDPE, which stands high density machine, on the next page you
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polyethylene. HDPE has the following properties stiffness, strength, tough, resistance to will find the processes explained
chemicals and moisture and weathering (making it a suitable choice for a garden chair), ...
material can be easily manipulated to from various shapes.
Both forms of plastic would be used industry during the injection moulding processes. Vicky Hoey
Components Finishes
A chair generally consist of A variety of finishes could be applied to my chair to created a high quality and professional finish, for example …
multiple components o Powdered coating – this type of coating is applied to a material as a dry powder (consist of dry paint particles),
involving rivets, nuts, bolts, hence the name. powder coating is applied electro-statically and is then cured under heat to allow it to flow and
etc. The components allow form a skin – shape of the object being coated. The coating produces a hard finish which is tougher than paint, this
for a chair to be adjusted to finish is often applied to metals such as aluminium which can be used for a bicycle. Although newer technologies
suit the user accordingly this are currently being developed which allows materials such as MDF to be powder coated via a different processes.
allows for designers to
target their chair towards o Dip coating – this form of finish can increase the functionable life span of a product, it can also be used for
everyone rather than those decorative purposes. The most common form of dip coating is coating a piece of metal with plastic, an example
who fall within the average with the home is a coat hanger. To avoid clothing being damaged over time by rust the coated hanger is coated
measurements. Bolts are in a thin layer of plastic, protect the metal from exposure to the open air which would cause the metal to rust. The
used to either plastic coat also prevents metal from touching clothing and staining if it where to rust.
permanently or temporarily join pieces together. If a chair was
o Spray paint – spray painting is a form of paint finish in which paint is applied via an aerosol which sprays a coating
to be created from wood a coach bolt could be used. The
of either paint, ink, varnish, etc onto a surface through air.
coach bolt has a square collar under the domed head which
locks into the wood when the nut is tightened.
Although it is un-likely for a chair to be made of metal, rivets A variety of processes could be used to create a chair out of a variety of materials, some of these methods are:
could be used to join the plating in position.
Adhesives Injection moulding
1. Plastic granules are added into the hopper along with any other
Within school to join my chair it is likely I will use a basic adhesive
colours and pigments which could enhance the atheistic’s of the
such as PVA, to glue the sections of my chair together. PVA
final product.
stands for Polyvinyl Acetate, and is one of many modern glues.
Glue is growing in popularity as the adhesive doesn’t need any 2. The heaters are activated and when tubing as reached a
preparation, PVA is also readily available from a variety of stores specific temperature the motor is activated and begins turning the
and can be used straight away; an example of PVA used in screw.
industry is‘Evo-stik Woodworkers Resin’. I could also use impact 3. The screw rotates pushes the plastic granules along the heater section, which melts the granules into a liquid.
adhesive when gluing my chair , impact adhesive is capable of
gluing various woods, MDF, laminates, metals, rigid PVC, cork 4. The liquid is the forced into the desired mould and left to cool.
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and leather together; the glue bonds instantly on impact. Also 5. Once cooled the mould is opened and the final product is removed.
if gluing acrylic to acrylic (window) acrylic cement is the best
choice of adhesive which uses capillary action to combine the
two sections of acrylic to one another. Blow moulding
1. Plastic granules are fed into the hopper which stores the granules
until required.
2. The motor turns a large thread which pushes the plastic granules
along a heated section.
3. These heaters melt the granules and form a liquid, which is fed into a mould.
4. The plastic is forced to the sides of the mould when pressurised air is also forced in, to create
the shape of the desired product, in the case of this diagram it is a drinking bottle.
Also if my chair involved metal features I could apply the
processes of spot welding to join various materials however if a 5. The mould is then left to cool (matter of seconds) and then removed.
user isn’t that skilled the atheistic of a product could be
affected – random blobs of metal dotted around the joints of
Laser cutter – Within school I have the Scales of production:
the chair.
opportunity to use the laser cutter fro my
Continuous Production: The production of a
Dowel joints are becoming a popular choice for joining modern project. The laser cutter uses a powerful
product which is required every day/week,
pieces of furniture. The join is a permanent join (although not laser to cut through various materials to
e.g.. Drinks bottles.
the strongest option) meaning that the product would have to create a high quality finish, the material is
be broken in order to remove the join. As the joint is the either melted, burnt or vaporised to Batch Production: Products such as furniture
strongest over time the product could fall apart, manufactures achieve this finish. The laser cutter is which are produced in bulk (up to 1000)
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are now opting for this join as it is quick and simple to create linked to a computer allowing a user to then stopped for a while, when a new
saving time and money so they can produce more. design the output and direct what the product is developed.
Manufacturers have also been known to re-enforce the joint by laser cutter will finally cut out. Single Item Production: a specialist product
applying adhesives such as impact adhesives to try an secure or prototype when only one is made
the joint for a longer period of time. Vicky Hoey
Errgonomics
Pupil Foot to Knee to Foot to Waist to Waist to Forear Forearm What is ergonomics?
knee waist waist back top of m to floor Ergonomics comes from the Greek words ‘ergon’ which means to work, and
size head length when
seated ‘normia’, which is Greek for organisation. The definition of ergonomics is “the study
of people and their relationship with the environment around them”. This translates
as how people interact with their surrounding objects. Ergonomics is the process of
Tarpey, Samuel 510 420 919 638 797 265 645 designing a product suitable and equipped to carry out all the roles intended by
Hoey, Victoria 490 417 990 520 770 380 760
the designer. Detailed ergonomic design is required to avoid any injury for the user,
also designing a product which will meet specific standards (quality control &
Campbell, Alexander 570 450 1005 610 750 240 610 quality assurance).
Pinch, Owen 490 490 940 580 790 270 800

Humans come in all shapes and sizes and this needs to be taken in to account
when designing a product; as a child's chair would not have the same dimensions
Dodd, Matthew 570 460 1015 605 760 235 600 as an adults chair. It is important that ergonomics are taken in to account as they
are factors which make human interaction with objects simple and easy.
Wardle, Robert 580 480 1003 540 800 265 810
When designing a chair its vital for the designer to have clearly decided on their
Crossley, Liam 584 550 1004 520 750 290 810 targeted audience so they are able to build it to suit their needs. In order to
Jenkins, Lewis 530 530 560 108 580 770 670
discover the correct measurements I designer will carry out primary research and
find the average measurements of the target audience in order to create a chair
Mitchell, Katie 460 560 1002 470 610 240 620 fit for function. This is a process I have taken on whilst designing my chair, for
example to the left you can see a table listing all the necessary measurements in
Cottrell, Michael 560 580 1006 660 940 245 795 relation to chairs of my class mates this has allowed me to discover the average
Delamere, Gareth 565 480 1040 570 820 345 1060 dimensions I need to apply to my chair in order for it to fulfil its function of allowing
people to sit. The table shows the ergonomic factors I must take in to account
Maloney, Lauren 520 500 1009 500 690 240 600 when designing my chair, for example I have recorded the measurement of ‘waist
T Coursework
to back’ as it allows me to work out the average length that is required for the
Jones, Kate 470 470 550 102 430 260 680
back panel of my chair. I have taken the average of the scores as it gives me a
Liangfai, Jake 490 490 1005 530 750 278 600 more common result which would apply to the majority of my target audience.
Average size 527.8 491.2 932.0 496.6 731.2 308.8 718.6

Evaluations of existing chairs:
I have evaluated numerous chairs in order to understand the
To the left is a diagram showing ergonomic ergonomics that professionals have applied :
factors which have been applied when
designing a working area. For example the For example, professional designer have
designer has taken into account the average Ergonomics included the option to ‘adjust’ the
measurements for an adult human in order to
design a chair with the correct proportions Efficiency - people to their dimensions of the chair so it can be
they have also taken the visual distance to products
suited to those who may fall outside
screen in to account thus all building up to
Efficiency - people in their
create a successful area for a user to work working environments the average measurements. Also
efficiently. Ergonomics allow designers to
create a successful working or social various chairs have been designed
Comfort
environment allowing the location to fulfil it’s differently, even though they are
function to it’s full potential. For example like Ease of use
an office unit a department store is designed targeted at the same people, for exam-
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Safety
to fulfil it’s function and encourage customers -ple the stools don’t have a back panel in
to buy products.
order to avoid students slouching thus concentrating.
Vicky Hoey
1. Manufacturing 8. Advertisement
1.1 My product will be created within school therefore it needs to 8.1 I plan to advertise my product in various ways; different adverts for different
Sppecification
have the ability to carry out the manufacturing process with the class of people as I want the product o be accessible to a variety of people. 8.2
equipment the school provides. 1. 2 This can limited how my However my business men and women be at the top of my target audience as
product is made and the time taken to create the object can be they are most likely to view the chair if was to locate in the select location of a
affected, for example it may take a longer amount of time to posh hotel. I will take in to account :
create the desired shape for my product. - Price range
- Variations in product , e.g. colors
2. Environment
In order to create an advertisement I would have to research my target audience
2.1 I would like for my product to promote helping the environment
and see what appeals to them.
I could do so by using recycled fabrics and specific paints i.e. none
oil based; or even recycled wood.
9. Atheistic / Appearance
9.1 I want my product to have a high quality finish this will involve the paint work,
3. Quantity
the fabric, the materials, etc. 9.2 I want the fabric of my chair to be bright and
3.1 My final product would be a one off product as that is all I have
colourful (eye catching), however I want the wood to appear natural. To decide
time to do within the school hours; however if I was creating my
on the final colours and appearance I will complete numerous drawings and
chair in the manufacturing industry I would either chosen mass or
complete short evaluations.
batch production allowing the chair to be situated in numerous
outlets regionally and possibly even globally.
10. Shelf/Product life
10.1 I would like for my product to last as long as possible and still fulfil it’s function
4. Function
continuously. 10.2 I will design the chair so that it is never un-fashionable and will
4.1 The function of my product is to not only be a chair in which
appeal to mass of people through the years.
people can sit on but a piece of art which is viewed in numerous
hotel outlets up and down the country possibly even globally if the
11. Packing = Flat pack
product was to be rescaled in to actual production rather than a
11.1 If my product was to be produce on a greater scale I think I could give
one off, which is what I am making within school
customers the option of either a flat pack package or ready built and functioning
chair. 11.2 The flat pack option would also tie in with who my target audience
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5. Safety
where, i.e. high class business men and women are less likely to purchase the flat
5.1 I will overcome safety issues by including elements such as using
pack option.
non toxic paints and rounded corners (ties in with design
movement). 5.2 However my product is aimed at business men and
12. Shape
women therefore I do not need to take into account major safety
12.1 I will design my chair with the design movement arts nouveau in mind
issues only basics such as making sure my product fulfils its function,
therefore I will seek inspiration from the shape of flowers and curved lines.
i.e. doesn’t break.
13. Dimensions & weight
6. Customers
13.1 My chair will have the dimensions to fit the average human in order to gather
6.1 My final product will generally be aimed at business men and
this data I will collect both secondary and primary information, allowing me to
women as they will be the ones who are likely to view it the most in
design the chair to a suitable size. 13. 2 I don’t won’t the chair to be to heavy,
the hotels. 6.2 However if the product was produce on a larger
therefore I will try and used light materials/woods.
scale I would like it to be aimed at a variety of people with different
incomes; however the quality of the chair may be affected by this
14. Quality
14.1 I wanted my product to have a high quality finish and to reflect the design of
7. Cost
my select movement ‘arts nouveau’ thus reflecting a regal and elegant design (
7.1 I want my product to be available to a large variety o f people
always has high quality finish).
with various incomes. 7.2 However I don’t want the product to look
cheap as it will appear in specific hotel outlets as a piece of art to
15. Materials
begin with; then if production picks up I want the chair to be
15.1 I am hoping to be able to create the chair out a high class wood if not, within
purchased at around £10 to £20 possibly even £30 as the chair will
school I will use what is available but develop the wood in the attempt to give it
DT
not only be a chair but a form of art.

an exotic wood appearance. I will also use fabrics on the seated section with
floral motifs imprinted, reflecting my design movement
Vicky Hoey
Initial ideas - candle



Development - candle



Orthographic drawing

Final Design - candle

Initial ideas - chair



Development - chair

Development - chair

Final Design - chair

Evaluation of research
Sheet Publication/website How will it help my project? Information gained
Mood Boards This sheet applies to the development of my chair, By collecting multiple images of products related
http://images.google.co.u I collected multiple images of arts nouveau related products in order to to the design movement of arts nouveau, it has allowed me to gain a cleared understanding of what
k/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi understand the key features of my design movement arts nouveau. my final product will resemble, also so what materials and colours I should ideally use to create an
arts nouveau inspired product
Design Brief My teacher My brief (from the examination board) entailed that I was to create a retro
The boutiques brochures inspired art nouveau chair which could be sold in a local boutique. By This sheet applies to the development of my chair, By creating the brief it has allowed me to gain a
basic understanding of who my target audience are and what the are looking for from my chair
completing a design brief it allowed me to understand what I had been
design for example, as the customer is shopping at a boutique it is likely they are looking for a one off
asked to do by the examiners and how I could approach the task from a unique piece.
design aspect.
Design :http://www.google.com I create a detailed mind map of research related to the design movement This sheet applies to the development of my chair, I gained information related to the arts nouveau
movement arts nouveau, for example the history, the global impact, the designers and design movement for example the trend was most popular in the 19th century and designer such as
research http://en.wikipedia.org/wi what they where inspired by, etc. ‘Alfons Mucha’ where in popular demand to produce arts nouveau pieces. Another fact I gained
ki/Wiki from this research was that arts nouveau stands for new art in French, the country in which the design
movement first began.
Investigation :http://www.google.com I created a brainstorm of all the necessary factors I should take in to account This sheet applies to the development of my chair, Investigating in to an existing arts nouveau
when creating my chair, applying ‘ACCES FM AM’ to evaluate an existing inspired product allowed me to gain an idea of price range, who the intended target audience
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi arts nouveau product. where, the atheistic features which are necessary to reflect arts nouveau – curved lines, detailing
ki/Wiki inspired by nature.
Chair My teacher I evaluated an existing chair in order gain an idea of what dimensions I This sheet applies to the development of my chair. I discovered that I needed to be fully aware of
evaluation Revision guide should apply to my finial chair it also gave me an insight to basic the multiple factors taken in to account when designing a chair, for example, environmental factors,
http://www.technologystu ergonomics. safety features, possible manufacturing processes, etc. I analysed a garden chair and found how it
dent.com/ had the basic design had be adapted to meet it’s purpose for example a meshed plastic was used
as back panel and seating area was it was waterproof giving the user the opportunity to leave the
chair in the garden all year round.
Client interview My teacher It is vital to carry out an interview or a form of survey in order to gain an This sheet applies to the development of my chair, By interviewing a specific client to help me
Client understanding of what your target audience want from the product, it develop my chair it has allowed me to chose a specific target audience (business men and
Customers of the allowed manufactures to communicate with consumers so they can design women), also whether or not my chair should have the ability for storage, etc. Also I hand out a
boutique a suitable product which the public will want to buy as it meets their needs. survey within the boutique which allowed me to evaluate the customers of the boutique, what
where there likes and dislikes, how much they would be willing to pay for an arts nouveau inspired
product.
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Comparing My teacher I analysed four already existing products and compared them to one This sheet applies to the candle holder project. By comparing existing products it allowed me to view
products Primary research another in order to see clearly the good and bad features, and also what the ‘competition’. As I had a different brief for my candle holder it would impact on my design, for
elements I could include within my final product. example I was to create a decorative candle holder which could be displayed within a hotel or a
http://www.technologystu
home. Information I gained from this sheet varies, but for example I found glass was a popular choice
dent.com/
of material to use, also keeping design neutral so they appeal to a larger audience.
General http://www.technologystu I researched the materials I would use within my project in order to gain an This sheet applies to the development of my chair, By researching information on the materials I plan
research (#1) dent.com/ understanding of their properties and what manufacturing processes they to use, I improved my knowledge which would lead to a greater understanding of methods and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi are best suited too. processes I could apply during the practical element of coursework. For example ii have learnt that
ki/Wiki MDF would be a suitable choice when building my chair as it is cheap, readily available and can be
enhanced to take the appearance of a more exotic wood such as mahogany – and popular
choice of materials included within my design movement. Also it can easily be worked by hand tools
as well as machinery.
General http://www.technologystu As well as looking into materials I looked it to possible adhesive options, This sheet applies to the development of my chair. From this sheet I have learnt that the best choice
research (#2) dent.com/ machinery I could use, etc. This allowed me to chose what processes and of adhesive to glue the frame of my chair together (in school) would be PVA and uses the vice or G-
materials I would use for my finished product to be of the high standard clamps to apply pressure in order to ensure the frame sticks firmly together. I have also learnt that
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi possible whilst creating in school. before I can apply spray paint to by chair I needed to sand the burnt edges, apply a varnish and
ki/Wiki coats of prima in order to achieve a high quality finish.
Ergonomics http://www.technologystu I looked into ergonomics in order to understand how a chair has to be This sheet applies to the development of my chair, Within class we carried out a survey in order to
dent.com/ designed to fit the needs of a users as well as being suitable for it’s discover the average ergonomic details which would be required to make a chair suitable for uses
surrounding environment. for the majority of our class. I also learnt of the five factors of ergonomics, efficiency - people to their
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi products, efficiency - people in their working environments, comfort, ease of use and safety
ki/Wiki
Specification http://en.wikipedia.org/wi The specification is an extended version of my brief. Using my research I This sheet applies to the development of my chair. I found out detailed information which would be
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ki/Wiki have created the specification a set of guidelines which I will design my applied to my chair to make it success. I looked at the following factors - manufacturing,
http://www.google.com product to meet in order to be a successful consumer item. A third party environment, function, customers, cost, advertisements, atheistic,
My teacher could also uses my specification to plan and develop my idea. product life, packaging, shape, dimensions and weight, quantity
Vicky Hoey
and materials.
Evaluation of ideas – candle holder The images show
the development
models I have
made based on
my initial ideas.
Idea 1 Idea 2 Idea 3 Comments

Specification 7/10 7/10 6/10 Rating in comparison to how well the product would
Meets some of the specific requirements of the The design meets some of the specific requirements The 3rd design meet some of the requirements of meet the specification.
specification
of the specification the specification but could be developed.
5/10 3/10
Competition 3/10
Competing with current designs in department The product is boring and needs to be developed How well it would compete with existing products in the
Design is similar to some candle holders currently on
stores – has ability to be used as a garden tea – currently the design wouldn’t be successful in the current market.
the market.
light. competitive market.
6/10 3/10
Size 6/10
When designing I need to take into account The design is odd looking and the size could be a Size in comparison to surroundings (ergonomics) is the
Simple design with suitable dimensions to meet the
ergonomics – surrounding location to meet the problem if displayed on a desk product function able.
brief
brief.
Aesthetics 7/10 4/10

5/10 The atheistic appeal a product would have if created in
Mosaic pattern used to creating unusual lighting Currently the design is boring and it is unlikely that
The design would create a soft lighting – colored industry, how well the colors work together, choice of
pattern, appeal to target audience the intended target audience (business men and
acrylic tubing, making an atheistically pleasing materials, etc?
women) would be willing to purchase the candle
appearance.
holder.
6/10 4/10 5/10

Safety Rounded edges a user could be burnt when lighting the tea light The user could be burnt when lighting also the Is the candle holder safe for use or could the user be
Balanced structure/ suitable dimensions – avoid stored in the tube. Development – capable of structure could also become un-balanced easily damaged.
any fire hazards removing tubes. causing the candle to full out – fire hazard.
8/10 Is the candle holder of sufficient quantity – if candle

Quantity 6/10 5/10
One off prototype. Industry = batch quantity holder is set, can the product be bought as a set or
One off prototype. Industry = batch quantity One off prototype. Industry = batch quantity
separate ?
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7/10 4/10
Weight 8/10
Light and easily moveable The design is likely to be lightweight but the frame Is the product a reasonable weight – capable of being
Light and easy to move , currently not sure of
is a bulky odd shape making it hard to find a handle with one hand.
specific weight.
location – ergonomics.
8/10 6/10 8/10

Materials What materials have been used, are they a suitable
Based on what was available in school material Only acrylic is used. Development – Include other I would like to incorporate pewter which could be
choice based on the products function?
was most suitable to create a candle holder. materials e.g.. Pewter cast feet. it a more demanding product to make in school.
8/10 8/10
Production Life Span 5/10
The product is designed to last forever but the as like idea # 1 the product is made of plastic therefore
Based on materials I will use will reflect how big the How long will the product last is it bio-degradable?
the material is a thermo plastic it can be recycled is intended to last forever but also has the ability to
environmental impact is .
(reheated – reshaped) if required. be recycled if required.
6/10
Customer 7/10
I have tried to design the product as suitably as I 2/10
Candle holder designed for business men and Does the product suit the needs of the customer, is it
could for my target audience but the market The product needs to be thoroughly developed
women as a unique feature for their desk. Customer atheistically pleasing.
aren’t particularly likely to buy candle holders – the current design isn’t atheistically pleasing.
likely to have money – extended price range.
young adults.
7/10 8/10 5/10

Quality & Reliability The products rating in comparison to it’s reliability and
The product has been designed to last and Product is designed to be reliable – display tea The material used will affect the quality of the final
the quality of the overall product.
display teas lights in a decorative way. lights effectively and safely. product. Pewter elements – high quality finish.
8/10 7/10
Environment 5/10
Thermoplastic acrylic was used meaning the The product wasn’t initially designed to be eco- Does the product have an environmental impact? Use
Once again the environmental impact will be
majority of candle holder (minus base) can be friendly but my choice of material has resulted in of recyclable materials ?
influenced by the materials used.
reheated and forced in to a new mould. the product being capable of being recycled.
9/10 9/10 4/10

Maintenance The product is low maintenance and is unlikely to the candle holder needs to maintenance, it is self This product needs to be developed as it is likely to Does the product need consistent maintenance or is it
need be repaired regularly. sufficient. Human input is only need to light and put need maintenance – ensuring the design remain self sufficient?
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out the tea lights. balanced.
Total 84/130 54/130 Overall idea 1 scored the highest, making it the best
92/130
choice to develop into a final product.
Vic ky Hoey
Manufacturing specification
Compon In school Product made Industrially
ent
Material: Aluminum
Feet Material: Pewter
Process: In industry to produce the feet of my chair it is likely the
Process: Pewter heated up to and molten process of aluminum casting will be applied (the sand casting process
pewter is poured into a MDF mould of desired with aluminum rather than pewter.) Aluminum is a lightweight metal
shaped. with a natural atheistic appeal (high quality finish)
Chair
Material : HDPE & Mirror (higher quality than what was available in
Material: Acrylic & Mirror
school)
Processes : The CNC machine would be used to cut out the required
Window Process: Design cut out using the laser
shapes. The machine is equipped with a steel cutting tool meaning it is
cutter, also design imprinted onto acrylic by
capable of cutting through the majority of materials if the correct
the laser cutter.
amount of pressure is applied.
Material: MDF Material : Pine

Processes : The chair is likely to be produced in a similar process to
Chair Process: MDF frame cut out in multiple frame
sections using the laser cutter, and glued what
together using PVA glue.
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Compon In school Product made Industrially

ent
Base Material: MDF, acrylic

Process: the base was deigned on CAD/CAM Material: HDPE
software and cut out as multiple layers in Process: It is unlikely that the base would be made from a wood, in
MDF. Once cut, I used PVA glue to build up industry my candle holder would be manufactured via the processes of
the layers creating the base. Finally i used injection moulding. A mould of the base would be created using a cheap
the laser cutter to cut out a section of man made board such as MDF, and plastic in the form of liquid
acrylic which would fit to the top of the base pressurized into the desired mould, to achieve the shape.
Candle
in order to improve the athestics of candle

holder.
Material: Acrylic Material :HDPE

Candle Process: I used the laser cutter again to cut Processes : Once again it is likely that the structure of the candle
holder out the frame of my candle holder, then using holder would be produce via injection moulding a simple processes which
he line bender bent the sheet of acrylic into is a popular choice within the competitive manufacturing system.
the required shape.
Material : HDPE
Material: Acrylic Processes : The inserts which re placed in the windows of the candle
holder could either be produced by injection moulding in a separated
Mosaic Process: Like the candle holder frame I used section which would later be attached to main structure. Or by using a
pattern the laser cutter to cut out the various shapes CNC machine to cut out the mosaic pattern inserts and having them
needed to fill the gaps in my candle holder. glued in by hand, this would slow now rate of productivity so is less
Once cut I used acrylic cement to glue the
likely to occur in industry.
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pieces into place.
Vicky Hoey
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Cutting list :
Before I could make my chair , I created a cutting list for the technician
to order and cut . . .
What I need:
Chair
Project .1
MDF : 222 x 260 mm (x10)

Acrylic : 189 x 186 mm (x2)
Pewter :
What I need:
Candle
MDF : (Base) 288mm x 335mm
Project .2
Acrylic : Structure (1) = 270mm x 270mm Available in various

colours – can be
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Structure (2) = 180mm x 270mm used for

Structure (3) = 90mm x 270mm development and
Vicky Hoey
window inserts
Chair CAD CAM Drawing (scale 1:2)
260mm
189mm
186mm
222mm
Decoration section
Chair side with feet halving joint Chair side main body Chair side with decoration
Above you can see the stages of developing the CAD/CAM drawing of my final chair. Applying the decoration, designing
sections in which the feet could easily slot in. Within the decoration feature I have coloured the lines according to what I want
the laser cutter to do red = cut and black = engrave.
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Pewter feet mould CAD CAM Drawing (scale 1:1)
189mm
186mm
Internal Childs chair
Above you can see the

CAD/CAM drawing representing
the inner section of my chair
345m
which I created into a Childs

m
chair rather than wasting

material.
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Above you can see the CAD?CAM drawing I used to create the mould which I would pour molten
pewter into in order to create the feet for my chair. Vicky Hoey
CAD/CAM Why use CAD/CAM?
CAD/CAM stands for computer aided design/ computer aided manufacture. CAD/CAM What CAD/CAM do we have at school?
is a vital manufacturing tool in our current economy. The market is pressured to meet the Within school we have the opportunity to use CAD/CAM in the form of a laser cutter.
demands of the ever growing public; this has resulted in products life cycles being
Using the software 2D designer we can create drawings which can then be easily cut
shorten and increasing demand form the market for customisable products making the out using the laser cutter, create an accurate product of high quality.
market.
Manufacturing companies who keep up with the demands of the consumers will be The laser cutter is a powerful laser beam that is produced inside a machine, which is
successful; with the potential to respond to the market and create the needed products. directed to specific points on the material via a series of mirrors in order to cut the
The benefits are using CAD/CAM to create a product has multiple benefits, for example : material in the required shape. In order to cut the materials the laser beam reaches an
Save Time – Time is saved because 3D CAD can be used to design 3D models, the CAD intense temperature, the heat causing the material to be vaporised. In order to adjust
designs can then be re-used later during the production stages. the cutting position of the laser motors move the mirrors whilst the laser remains
stationary ; this maximises movement speed, enabling the laser cutter to cut a variety of
Higher quality products – Products created using CAD/CAM are of higher quality and line, curved, straight, etc.
more accurate than if you where to produce a product by hand. The laser cutters power settings can also be adjusted so the material can be engraved
rather than directly cut, this allows for design to personalise products meeting a
Lower unit costs – Money and time are saved as the CAD/CAM can produce your demand of the market.
intended product accurately and efficiently, using minimal amount of material required, The laser cutter in school is a suitable choice of CAD/CAM if working with plastics,
in a much shorter amount of time than you could by hand. woods, paper, card, cork, foam board or fabric as well as many other materials.
Materials such as metal and glass can be cut but a more advanced laser cutter is
Rapid prototyping (RP) - 3D CAD models can be re-used to produce 3D product required than the one we have available in school.
prototypes.
Identify and eliminate problems – CAD has the opportunity to review work and eliminate
any problems of inefficiencies in existing work.
Increase company workload – If the CAD/CAM technology is used efficiently it allows What software did I use?
more work to be produce whilst maintaining the same to minimal amount of staff
I used the software TechSoft 2D designer to create the drawings of
Efficient use of CAD allows the production of more work. The machine allows products to
both my candle holder and my chair. The software allowed me to
be created faster than by hand.
create advanced drawings easily with the simple setup and selection
of tools. The professional capability and ease to use makes it a
Improve communications – Work is backed up and easily passed around, as it creates a
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popular choice for the majority of secondary schools across the UK.
paperless working environment.
In order to achieve the exact designs as those I had early done on paper I simply scanned in
Change designs quicker – CAD offers a selection of tools allowing a design to develop the drawings and opened up in 2D designer, using the tools available I traced around the
their drawing quickly and accurately without hassle. drawing colouring the lines red if the design was to be cut and black if the would be engraved,
then simply print/cut out my design was the material was in place.
Below are example of my designs using the software 2D design, scale 1:2.
The Spirit GE
We have a Technology supplies Ltd Spirit GE laser
cutter available at School.
Work area:860 x 460mm extendable to 960 x 460mm
Max workpiece: Doors closed: 1056 x 568 x 177mm
Doors open: 1059 x x 177mm
Memory:32mb (Upgradeable to 64mb)
Connection:Standard printer port and USB port
Power options: 30W, 40W, 60W
Dimensions:1385 x 1010 x 735mm
Operating Temp: 70-80 degrees fahrenheit
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Vicky Hoey
Candle Windows CAD CAM Drawin
Model Candle CAD CAM Drawing
(scale 1:2)
(scale 1:2)
m
m
2
1
0
Realising where my candle holder needed to be
developed I re-designed the decoration for the
windows making the lining 1mm thick which
consisted of straight criss-crossing lines rather than
various zig-zag lines.
To the left you can see the new pattern I designed
and below are the number of windows I applied

the design tool varying depending to size.
Red Orange Green Blue
20mm
2
1 30mm
0
Here you can see the original CAD/CAM drawing for my candle
m
holder; through the processes of trial and error I discovered
m design. For example the ling creating
problems with the windows
the mosaic pattern was too thin causing the fragile plastic to
break easily. Also the windows where too close to the edge; so
when I bent the acrylic in to the triangular shape using the line 10mm
bender the windows bubbled out of shape creating and un-even
m
m
1
8
0
face.
Final Candle CAD CAM Drawing
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(scale 1:2)
m
m
2
7
0
60mm
To the left is the final CAD/CAM drawing of my candle

holder which I cut out using the laser cutter. The red
m
m
lines signifies what I want to be cut and the black lines
9
0
represent what I want to be engraved. For example I
had the lines engraved where I would fold the candle
holder to create the triangular shape, I did this in order
to achieve a perfect fold without damaging the design
in the windows.
2 2 2
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7 7 7
0 0 0
m m m
m m m
Vicky Hoey
Candle Base CAD
B CAM Drawing B
a a
(scale 1:2) s s
e e
t x
m
m
2
8
8
o
p 3
m
m
8
2
3
3
5
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m
m
C
4 a
0 n
m d
m l
7 e
2
h
m
o
m l
d
To the right you can see an image of my candle
e
holder
which I have mocked up , using the programr goggle
sketch up. Before creating the actual candle sholder I
designed this model in goggle sketch up to allow me to
understand the properties and whether or not the product
would function correctly based on my measurements. The
image represents a development of the candle model I
created, for example I have added the base and re
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arranged the windows as I had noted on a development

of ideas sheet.
Vicky Hoey
School manufacturing processes
Stages of manufacture Quality control points Materials, machinery, equipment in school Safety procedures and equipment Time Scale
# 1 – After completing the design stages of my project, I will chose three designs to develop into a model. Using cardboard, paper/card, and Always uses craft mat and steel ruler when 1hour per model
dowel. I will created model versions (scale 1:4); by doing so it will allow me to gain an insight of whether or not I can physically create my Craft knife, cello-tape, Hot glue gun, dowel, using craft knife. (total = 3hours)
design, it also allows me to investigate if there are any ways to solve a possible problem. Check scale, measurements of model are correct.
scissor, cardboard, craft mat, ruler, pencil.
Check the materials sizes are correct an the quality of

# 2 – After completing the modeling stage, I will selected one idea to develop further as my final project, however before I can move on I must material is to the standard I need. Also double check Technician cut out the requirements of my Technician is skilled and qualified to use the
create a cutting list. By creating a model design and completing an orthographic drawing it will allow me to estimate how much material I will quantity against cutting list. cutting list using a circular saw and a band machinery. He will protective clothing if 1 hour
needed, so I plan to create a list of materials and how much I will need, in my case I need ???MDF, ???acrylic sheet (blue), ???mirror and
saw required.
???ingots o pewter. I will hand my list to the technician and wait until my order arrives.
# 3 – Whilst I wait for my materials to be order I will use my time wisely by producing a virtual drawing of my chair using the software ‘Techsoft Making sure measurements are correct is vital element of
2D designer’. I will scan my final design in and using the curved line tool trace over my drawing. Once I have completed tracing the design I designing I will double check with friend that my design Computer – Tech soft 2D software. - 1 hour
will then re-colour the lines depending on what I want to be cut and engraved when cutting out design on the laser cutter. meets the ergonomic needs of a user.
# 4 – The next step will involves using the laser cutter, as my materials will have arrived in school I will be able to start building up the frame of Ensure the bed setting is correct using auto focus. Ensure Ensure all the necessary settings are corrected,
1 hour and 30
my chair. First I would need to set the bed of laser cutter to the correct height. Then I will place the MDF into the laser cutter and I simply press the power settings are correct. Also make sure the Laser cutter, M DF e.g. bed height. Ensure material is placed in
minutes
the print button and wait for my drawing to be cut out by the laser cutter. extractor unit is on to prevent fires within the unit. the laser cutter correctly.
# 5 – Once my design is cut out I will poke out the middle section, I think that this could result in the build up of waste material…….which I could Make sure the brushes used to apply the PVA glue are
use to make a smaller chair. I will begin by gluing the original frame together using PVA glue. In order to ensure that the section stuck together clean and don’t apply to much glue as when structure is PVA glue will applied to the MDF by using the Adhesives/glues can cause irritation to skin so
1 hour
is firmly I glued together I will use the vice and G-clamps to apply pressure. I will apply the same processes to the smaller chair, which I will clapped together glue will break through cracks creating paint brushes gloves can be worn as a safety precaution.
advertise as a child's version of the arts nouveau chair. an un even surface.
# 6 – Once the glue has set I will begin to sand down the frame of my chair, removing the burnt edge caused by the laser cutter and evening Ensure all markings or excess glue are removed. Sand paper (2grades), file. Keep windows open. 3 hours
out any bumps and ridges in order to acquire a high quality finish. Once again I will apply the same processes to the smaller chair.
# 7 – After I have sanded my chair down I will use car body filler to fill any cracks in the M DF frame to create a smoother line. When the car Apply evenly with finger for a smooth finish. Car body filler. Wash hands after use. 10 minutes
body filler has set I will quickly brush over my chair with sand paper to ensure all bumps and ridges are removed.
# 8 – After I have completed sanding my chair down I will apply a varnish in order to achieve a high quality finish whilst creating a suitable The varnish could also cause irritation to the
Ensure paint brush used to apply is clean. Paintbrush used to apply the varnish. 10minutes
base coat to apply spray paint. skin like glue so gloves could be worn.
# 9 – I will then begin to build up a second base coat using prima, I will apply a new coat every 20 – 30 minutes. During these intervals I will Ensure the extractor fan is on allow the fumes to be Apply in 20
Ensure windows are open and extractor fan is
work on a design (using the software Tech soft 2D designer) I plan to imprint the design onto the acrylic window. Between the stages of removed from your working environment. Extractor fan, prima, wet and dry (fine) minutes intervals
switched on.
applying the prima (once it has dried), I will use wet and dry to remove any bubbles which may have built up when I originally apply the prima. over a 3-4 days
# 10 – Once I have finished applying the necessary coats of prima, I will move on to spray painting my chair. I have chosen to use white as it Ensure the extractor fan is on when pray painting to allow Apply coats of
Extractor fan, spray paint (white), wet and Ensure windows are open and extractor fan is
contrasts well with the colour of the acrylic window. Like applying the prima I will leave 20 to 30 minute intervals in between each coat; when the fumes to be removed from your working spray paint in 20-
dry (fine). switched on.
the coats have dried I will use wet and dry again to remove any bubbles of spray paint which could have built up, this ensures a high quality environment. 30 minute intervals
finish. through the day.
# 11 – During the stages between spray painting my chair I will completed the design for my acrylic window. Before cutting out the acrylic
window I will correct the necessary settings for the bed of the laser cutter. Once the laser cutter is set the acrylic window will be cut out and When spray painting ensure that the extractor fan is on. Ensure all the necessary settings are corrected,
elements of the design imprinted; to ensure the only the features I wanted to be engraved are, I will change the colour of lines accordingly in Also ensure the bed setting is correct using auto focus. e.g. bed height. Ensure material is placed in 1 hour and 30
Laser cutter, acrylic (blue).
tech soft 2D designer , red to cut and black to engrave. I will print out four windows in total two for my original chair and two windows to stick Ensure the power settings are correct. Also make sure the the laser cutter correctly. minutes.
on the side feature of the child’s chair, however the child’s design will only be engraved onto the acrylic in order to save time, rather than extractor unit is on to prevent fires within the unit
cutting out the mirror sections.
# 12 – The second half to completing the acrylic window will involve cutting a section of a mirror into flower sections. In order to complete this Ensure the bed setting is correct using auto focus. Ensure Ensure that mirror face is down to avoid any
I will use the laser cutter, but for safety reasons I will have to cut the design in reverse (mirror face down) because the laser could bounce of the power settings are correct. Also make sure the accidents of cutting the material in wrong
Laser cutter, M irrors 30 minutes
the mirror and cut in a different direction than intended which could result in an harmful accident. Once cut I will peel off the sticky back tape extractor unit is on to prevent fires within the unit. Also direction or the laser cutter malfunctioning –
in order to reveal the mirror. mirror face down. laser bounce in different direction.
# 13 – Once the laser cutter has cut out all the elements needed to finalise the window of my chair I will begin to glue the sections together
Ensure that brush in use is clean, and keep the lid on the Fine paint brush used to apply tensol cement If tensol cement touches could cause irritation 1 hour and 30
using acrylic cement (an adhesive used to glue acrylic to acrylic). I will use a fine paint brush to coated in a small amount of acrylic cement,
tin of tensol cement as it evaporates quickly. to the acrylic. so gloves could be worn. minutes
and trace around the outline of the flower shapes (mirror section) to join the acrylic window and mirror sections together.
# 14 – The next step will involve fitting the window to the chair, for the adult chair the windows will be the exact same size as the whole so they Adhesives/glues can cause irritation to skin so
Clean brush when applying glue to window of small
should simply fit in perfectly with a slight push; where as the window for the child’s chair will be attached using contact adhesive. By this point Paint brush to apply the glue. gloves can be worn as a safety precaution. 10 minutes
child's chair.
the child’s chair should now be complete, I will just have a few more steps to finish the original chair.
Ensure all the necessary settings are corrected,

Making sure measurements are correct is vital that the
# 15 – My chair should almost be complete I will just have to create the feet of the chair. Using tech soft 2D again I will create designs for my e.g. bed height. Ensure material is placed in
feet correctly to the base of my chair, I will double check Computer software. Laser cutter, MDF 1 hour
feet, which I could use to create a mould by cutting out the design in MDF using the laser cutter. the laser cutter correctly.
with a friend to ensure my dimensions are correct.
Wear gloves when dealing with the molten

# 16 – To create the feet for my chair I will create a mould made of MDF which will be held together by wires. The mould will be placed in a
pewter. Place mould in a box of dry sand so if
container of dry sand (to protect table if any molten pewter was to flow beyond the casting box) as I I heat up the pewter, the pewter will Make sure mould is connected so mould of shape isn’t
Laser cutter, M DF, wire, pewter, heater excess molten pewter flows else where than 1 hour
become molten quickly. The next step involves pouring the molten pewter into the mould via the small hole at the top. I will then leave the affected.
mould it will be caught in sand and won’t
mould to set and cool before I begin to shine the feet. I will repeat this process twice in order to create four feet for my chair.
damage the work surface.
# 17 – Once the pewter has set I will open up the mould and hopefully be presented with suitable feet for my chair. The feet are likely to be
Keep windows open. Ensure you are standing
dirty and will need to be shined in order to achieve the appearance of a high quality finish. Using wet and dry I will begin to shine the sides of Place feet in advice when filing so its doesn’t slip out of
Wet and dry paper (fine), jewellery file. when carrying out processes to apply 1 hour
the feet; I will also use a jewellery file to remove any un-even edges and bumps which may have been accidentally produced due to the place when filing.
maximum pressure.
mould.
# 18 – Finally I will slot the feet of my chair into the base (slots which I have included within the design of the chair frame) and take a picture of
Ensure dimensions of the hole match the lip of the feet
the final product. Human input Don’t be to forceful as M DF could crack. 10 minutes
which should slot in.
Industrial production plan
If my chair was to be made in industry it is possible it would follow some of the processes listed in the production plan below.
Stages of manufacture Quality control points Materials, Safety procedures and

machinery, equipment
equipment
If my candle holder was to be produce industrially it is likely to fallen into the category of batch production. In which a product is produced in it’s thousands, the processes requires
unskilled to semi skilled workers who are flexible and capable of working various stages of the production ling, meaning multiple components of a product can be made at once.
In industry the base of my candle holder would be produced via the manufacturing
processes of injection moulding. It is also likely the material Abs (Acrylonitrile butadiene Injection moulding
styrene) or HDPE (high density polyethylene) would be used (rather than MDF, which I machines need to be
used in school). The plastics are both thermoplastics meaning they can be re-shaped if Ensure the necessary amount of maintained to a high
re-heated at high temperatures to produce a new shape, making the product eco-
friendly as the materials could be recycled for future use. Also AB’s and HDPE’s plastic granules are fed in to the standard therefore regular
properties result in a strong/rigid product less liable to breaking. hopper. maintenance check points
are vital for the safety of
Step # 1 – creating the base (if HDPE were used) Check mould is securely attached those operating the
. Granules HDPE (plastic powder) are fed into the hopper which stores the granules until and dimensions of the mould are Injection moulding machines. Moulds must be
required. Colours and pigments can also be added to enhance the properties of the correct machine left to cool for
material, for example specific colours and pigments could be added in with HDPE HDPE or AB’s recommended amount of
granules so that the finished product resembled wood but consisted of the same Re-frame for manual input when time before being
properties of HDPE.
. A heater warms the tube until it reaches the necessary temperature at which point the heating processes is active – melting removed; also
screw thread begins turning, powered by the motor. the plastic granules. maintenance checkpoints
. The motor turns the thread which pushes the HDPE granules along the heater section, must be carried by at least
resulting the HDPE becoming a liquid. Be sure that if any pigments or colours two people to ensure the
. The liquid is the forced into the desired mould (in this case the base of a candle holder) are added will enhance the quality machine if defiantly safe
and left to cool. of the final product. and appropriate for use.
. Once cooled the product is removed from the mould, and ready for use.
Step # 2 – Creating the towers

Like the base the towers could also be created via the processes of injection moluding,
HDPE plastic granules are fed into the machine, melted by the heaters and pressurised in Like the examples listed
a specific mould. However the inserts which build up the mosaic pattern are likely to be above precautions have to
Check all measurements are correct
applied separately possibly even by hand, or as a secondary mould. The inserts would be made when dealing
and to scale.
be cut out using a CNC machine which can rapidly cut out 2dimensional designs; in a with the an injection
day the CNC machine could produce up to or over 100 of the inserts. The CNC machine moulding machine;
cuts with a sharp steel tool which can practically cut through any material. The Materials being used result in a high Injection moulding
however less precautions
diagrams show If the inserts where to be created as a secondary mould in industry quality finish – e.g. HDPE being a machine
have to be taken when
compared to what I did when manufacturing the candle holder in school. better choice of plastic than acrylic. CNC machine
dealing with the CNC
To the left shows a To the left shows a HDPE or AB’s
machine. CNC machines
Exploded view
diagram of how the diagram of how the Use recommended software to

Exploded view
where designed to be the

secondary mould may inserts where applied produce design which the CNC
safest form of machinery as
look if the candle in school. For example machine will cut
little manual input is
holder was the inserts simply slot
required.
manufactured in into places.
industry.
Final evaluation was to be produced in industry all material would be used make
the product capable of being sold at an affordable price.
After completing the project I will now evaluate the
prototype of my candle holder

product I have created as well as the process I have
This image shows the finished

o Quantity –My product was a one off prototype but if it was to
taken to manufacture my candle holder within be developed in industry it would be produced in batch
school. quantities.
Have you met the requirements of the design brief?
o Size –
When producing the candle holder I kept the design Base = 288mm x 335mm
brief in mind and so feel my final product is designed
Structures
to suit needs listed with the brief. For example I set Tallest = 270mmx270mm
out to design a decorative candle holder which Medium =180mmx 180mm Faces of each side = 60 mm
could be placed on either a table in a restaurant, a Smallest = 90mmx90mm
table in a hotel lobby or even with a household. The
brief gave me a large target audience so I o Safety – The product has no sharp edges, splinters or any toxic
narrowed the choices down to young adults, and materials which could harm a user. Also the dimensions a suited
designed a unique and modern candle holder so that nothing will catch fire.
which could be displayed in various locations.
Have you met the requirements of specification? o Durability – The product is durable to a certain o Ergonomics – the product is designed to suit its surround
When designing the candle holder, I was sure to extent, for example I accidentally dropped a environment, the triangular meaning it can be placed as center
keep the specification in mind and tried to apply all structure and multiple windows fell out this could pieces and views will be similar from multiple sides.
the necessary requirements I listed in the be my fault for not gluing the windows correctly or
specification : as result of the impact. If the prototype was o Manufacturing – I have manufactured this product using the
developed in industry its likely stronger plastic such laser cutter and line bender to create the required shapes. By
o Timescale – I had 25 weeks to complete two as HDPE or AB’s are used to avoid this problem. using the laser cutter it has allowed me to achieve high quality
projects, 12 weeks of which I dedicated towards of finish. However I feel that the elements which I adjusted using
producing my candle holder. I had enough time to o Environmental issues – I have used recyclable hand tools (feet) have a lower standard of finish as I was less
complete the task but an extra week or two would materials in school the same processes could be experienced with the equipment.
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have been beneficial allowing me to improve the applied in industry by using a thermoplastic such as
overall finish of the product. HDPE which could re-shaped if re-heated.
Conclusion
o Target market – When designing the candle o Aesthetics – I feel that the unique mosaic pattern
holder I had in mind that my target audience would which creates an usual lighting effect results in an To conclude my final evaluation of my candle holder I fell I have
be young adults, therefore the design had to be atheistically pleasing finish. However when lit the successfully met numerous points of the specification. However if
young, unique and modern which I feel I have black acrylic reduce the amount of light reflected I had more time to complete the project I would have liked
incorporate well (meeting the requirements of the through the windows so if I had more time to each of the windows to have the multi-coloured mosaic pattern
brief). Also based on my target audience the improve the product I would have used white also possibly to have developed my idea more and used white
product would have to be cheap and affordable acrylic rather than black so light was reflected acrylic rather than black which would have created a better
as young adults will not have the largest sum of more effectively. source of lighting than the black acrylic which contrast well with
money. the colours.
o Materials – To create my candle holder in school I Originally I planned to created a vase like shape but based on
o Function – The function of candle holder is to have used acrylic and MDF. The majority of the the equipment in school it would have been complicated to
display tea lights in a decorative way. I feel that I candle holder is made of acrylic ( structure, inserts, create so I created various model shapes and found that the
have done so, and that my candle holder’s cover/s for the base), however the base is made of triangular shapes worked best.
atheistic design appeals to the required target MDF and covered by a sheet of acrylic which was Although the candle is light and moveable I would have
audience fitted using the vacuum former. developed the structures by having them fixed to the base to
reduce chance f them being broken if dropped. If I where to do
o Weight – The product is lightweight and easily o Cost – Based on my target audience the product so I could have to have a window/hole in the back so tea lights
moveable however when moving the structures should be sold at an affordable price, for example could be lit easily.
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tend to wobble and could be dropped causing the £8. However to produce the candle holder in Elements I am please with though are the multi-coloured mosaic
structure to break. I could develop the candle school proved to be relatively expensive, with patterns in some of the larger windows as they enhance the
holder by fixing the structures in places, rather than sheets of acrylic costing £4 per meter of which I atheistic’s of the candle holder. Overall I pleased with the
Vicky Hoey
having them balance / sit in place. needed in multiple colors. But if the candle holder outcome of my candle holder.
Final evaluation
After completing the project I will now evaluate quantities (on average 1000 a day) to supply the o Atheistic / Appearance – The appearance of the chair
the product I have created as well as the process I target market. was a vital factor in how successful the chair would be in
have taken to manufacture my candle holder industry.
within school. o Function – The chair's function is to provided a
comfortable seating area for a user whilst also o Shelf/Product life - The materials used for the prototype
Have you met the requirements of the design will limit the products life span but in industry materials such
having the capability of being viewed as a piece
brief? as HDPE, aluminium and pine (specific varnishes applied to
art. I have achieved this by designing a chair based
I feel that I have met the requirements of the brief on ergonomics and anthropometrics of the human reduce chance of chair rotting) would be used extending
which required me to produce a chair suitable of figure to produce a comfortable chair. Whilst the products life span. Also the atheistic appeal affects the
being placed in a hotel lobby, with the function of addressing the artistic design by creating a products shelf life, will it go out of fashion, or is it a timeless
being art as well as useable chair. The chair had to decorative window which is placed on the side of design ?
be comfortable and create the impression of high the chair.
quality inviting a customer into a hotel and Packing – If in industry the chair was to be produced like
encouraging them to feel they where staying in a the prototype the child's chair would slot into the main
high quality hotel. As the lobby is the first thing a chair allowing for more chairs to be transported at one
customer would see of a hotel the elements time, reducing the environmental impact. However the
included within the room must be atheistically chair could also be produced in industry as a flat packed
pleasing therefore the appearance of the chair product which user would assemble themselves.
was vital. Over all I feel I have met the needs of the
brief well. o Shape – The shape of the chair is design with the human
Have you met the requirements of specification? form in mind. I studied ergonomics and designed the chair
When designing the candle holder, I was sure to with the necessary dimensions in mind.
keep the specification in mind and tried to apply
all the necessary requirements I listed in the o Size – The main chair has the following dimensions:
specification : 260mmx222mm. The acrylic window is
189mmx186mm, these are also the dimensions of the child's
o Manufacturing – To create the chair I used a version of the chair.
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variety of hand tools (to prepare and the

materials), the laser cutter (to cut the materials o Materials – For the prototype model I have used acrylic,
accurately) and I also applied the processes of o Safety – I have ensured that there are no un- MDF, pewter and a small amount of mirror. However
pewter casting to create the feet of my chair. even edges and possibility of splinters. Also I have industry HDPE, pine, aluminium and high quality of mirror
used non-toxic materials or spray paint which could are more likely to be used.
o Environment – The frame of the chair is made of affect a user.
the man made board, MDF which is a mixture of Conclusion
waste materials including various woods and o Customers - The chair is targeted towards
sawdust which are combined to produce medium business men and women who are most likely to be Overall I am pleased with the outcome of the prototype
density fiber board. Also the acrylic window is a staying in the hotels on a regularly basis because of model. However if I had more than 12 weeks to complete
thermoplastic which can be re-moulded if re- the jobs (meetings with other clients). I feel I have the project I feel I would have made slight adjustments, for
heated. Also by creating a window for the chair steered more towards targeting women but this is example I would have created a smaller window to stick to
left me with a lot of waste material rather than due to my chosen design movement (arts side of the child's chair, but un-fortunately we had ran out
simply recycling the material I formed a child’s nouveau) of which was inspired by floral motifs of the required material in school and didn’t have time to
version of the chair. Also when transporting the which in today's society of associated with females. order more in. However I am pleased with the simple out
chair to stores the smaller chair could be stored come of using elements of the design. Also I think I may
within the large chair meaning more chairs can be o Cost – As my target audience are business men have adjust the paintwork and possibly used a pale blue to
transported at once reducing carbon emissions and women (earn most money out of the public) contrast with the colour of the window. Finally another
form transport. the cost of the chair could be extended to gain a adjustment I would make is creating a more masculine
greater profit. However if there was an interested design for the window to appeal to a larger audience.
o Quantity – The chair I have produced is a one off Further more elements I am pleased with are that a child’s
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in the child’s chair it is likely the price would be

prototype. However if the chair was to be proceed reduce to suit the family target market. chair could be produced rather than wasting an excess
in industry it would be create batch amount of material.
Vicky Hoey
Problems during making
When creating my candle holder multiple problems arose some of which where easily over come and others not so :
Due to the time limit of the course I was unable to complete the original design for my candle holder as I had intended. For example I had originally hoped to create a
candle holder with windows containing elements of smashed glass which where glued together creating a pattern, however this would have been a complicated
material to manufacture in school, so I developed my idea by creating the mosaic pattern out of acrylic which has the appearance of glass but the properties of plastic. I
intended to fill each window with the multi-colored mosaic pattern but this would be extremely time consuming and I simply didn’t have the time. To solve the problem I
only applied the multi coloured pattern in the largest windows and used the laser cutter to cut out rectangular shapes of block colour to fit behind the other windows of
the candle holder.

Further more another problem which arose in the production of my candle holder was due to the laser cutter. For example the some of smallest triangular shapes
creating the impression of smashed glass where not cut out correctly, the laser had only dotted the corners or scored the detail onto the acrylic this proved a problem
as I had to poke out the holes; in fact this problem lead to me breaking a practice piece as I applied to much pressure. In order to solve this problem I could either
place the design back into the laser cutter and have the processes repeated but this could have affected the design as I could place the acrylic sheet millimetres out
of place (human error). Or I could simply leave the smallest triangles there as they where not that noticeable. I chose to approach the problem by leaving the small
triangles in place rather than breaking the acrylic again.
After creating a card model I realised that my dimensions where incorrect and that I had two many windows included in the design. Although I used card to create the
model the structures where unbalanced and didn’t look atheistically correct standing next to one another; the model also allowed me to develop the idea of including
a base for the candle holder making it safer for a user – tea lights sit on a provided bas rather than the display surface. To over come this problem I designed a base
and developed the dimensions of the candle holders each of them having 4cm difference in height.
When bending the acrylic to create the triangular shape I found that due to human error it could be slightly offset creating an un-even shape and causing some of the
windows to bubble at the edge. In order to over come this problem I developed my CAD/CAM drawing. I drew a midpoint at each of sections where I want to bend,
this allowed me to line up my design with line bender. Also the line bender created a curved corner rather than a point, however this was not a problem as I liked this
feature. I also produced a jig which I could bend the acrylic around to produce a high quality finish.
Another problem that occurred was due to manufacturing; some of the acrylic sheets I used to create the multi coloured windows where slightly different sizes by a
matter of millimetres. The different sizes resulted in un-even window surface with a few of the pieces sticking out slightly. The wasn’t much I could do solve this problem
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without damaging the appearance of the acrylic which would have an impact on my final product.
Another problem I faced during the construction of my candle holder was that the tallest structure of my candle holder broke easily; when poking out the holes the multi-
coloured acrylic which would later fill the gaps. If I was to produce this product with industry this could be come a health a safety hazard. I learnt that the structure had to
many windows in ratio to it’s height making it weaker, in order to over come this problem I applied the method of trial and error and developed my design by removing
windows and using different thicknesses of acrylic sheet. I found that removing one or two windows from the three faces of the triangular shape was the best option. By
removing the windows from the structure it made it stronger and less flimsy; this also improved the balance of the structure.
The images to the left show myself applying

the block sections of acrylic to the candle
To the left is holder as a solution for the design because of
the original the time scale
window
design for I also had problems when bending the acrylic
my candle on the line bender in order to resolve this I had
holder. To the mid point engraved using the laser cutter;
the right is and I created a jig which I could fold the
the acrylic round to produce the required shape.
developed
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design for
the
windows.
Vicky Hoey
Arts Nouveau inspired chair
This is the arts nouveau inspired chair I have developed for

the local furniture boutique ‘Gems’. The unique chair design
was inspired by the French design movement arts nouveau,

but in order to appeal to the current market, I as a designer
have revamped the design by adding a modern twist to the
chair. The unique chair is available for purchase in the form
of a child's chair as well as an adult sized chair, which was
originally designed to be located in a hotel lobby as a piece
of art.
Final idea
Above you will find a screen shot of

drawings showing the development stage
of improving the chair. It was important to
develop the chair so it was suited to its
audience location and met the standards of it’s competitors on
the market. The chair reflects that of a fairy tale design which will
appeal to mainly women young or old.
‘Harmony light’ brings you a new candle holder designed to revolutionise the
current candle holder market. This brand new design offers consumers
something unique never seen before in this industry, with its extraordinary
lighting panels designed to create a mosaic lighting effect, displaying a variety
of colours.
The candle holder is aimed towards

young adults, in a bid to encourage them
to become aware of modern art and
design in the UK. The candle holder was
design to atheistically appeal to the
younger market, research in particular
steered ‘Harmony light’ towards the
design of a product with unusual lighting
effects. Based on the target audience the
product should be cheap and affordable
possibly ranging at £10 - £15
To the left is a collage image showing a

prototype of the developed candle
holder. From the image you can gain an
insight into the lighting affect which can
be produced by the unique candle
design.
Production Plan
I had 25 weeks in total to produce two projects and document information on my ideas, developments, production methods, etc. Below is a production plan I have created in
order to devise my time wisely and meet the deadlines.
= Project # 1 (chair) = Project # 2 (candle holder) = Corrections
Week #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1 1
Introduction
to course
Research
sheets
Interview
Initial ideas
Development
Final
Modelling
Building
product
Building
product
Building
product
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Building
product
Evaluations
Corrections
Corrections
Corrections
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Vicky Hoey
Making Diary
The collection of images below show myself during the production stages of my candle holder. If I had structured my time more efficiently I could have improved this
sheet by collecting more images to clearly explain the stages of production in school.
The images to the left This image shows part of my developing

show myself applying the stage in which I tested various colours of
mosaic pattern to the acrylic to find the most suitable colour for
windows. The closest the structure, I found that the most

image shows myself gluing suitable colour was black as it contrasted
the inserts of the mosaic well with the colours. However after
pattern into place using finally creating the candle holder I found
acrylic cement, this was a the black acrylic limited the amount of
time consuming process in light reflected when the tea lights where
which I had to sort lit, thus reducing the impact of the
through various cut outs of mosaic pattern when the tea lights
acrylics to find the where lit.
required shape. In order to
over come the problem of
time I adapted my design The image to the left shows the jig I
by applying rectangular created so I could form the perfect
blocks of coloured acrylic. triangular shape when bending the
The acrylic cement also sheet of acrylic using the line bender. I
evaporate quickly so I had the midpoint when I planned to fold
poured small amounts of the acrylic engraved onto the design
solvent into a dish when it using the laser cutter, by doing so I was
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was required (after I found able to line up my design correctly when

all inserts for a window), shaping around the jig.
and then using a fine
paint brush traced over
the joint line between the
frame and the insert.
To left the is an image of the outcome of my design. The candle holder was designed on the software 2D designer which
the simple interface and selection of tools allowed me to produce the design of my candle holder. To create my design
as a 3D prototype I used the laser cutter to cut out the various shapes of acrylic I needed to produce the candle holder.
The laser cut out three structures of various heights (270mm, 180mm, 90mm) in black acrylic, I also used the laser cutter to
cut out the inserts which would be used to develop the mosaic pattern in some of the windows. Before bending the
structures into place I glued in the required inserts using acrylic cement. To apply the adhesive I used a fine paintbrush
and traced around the outline of the insert. Gluing the inserts in was extremely time consuming so I adapted by design
and used the laser cutter to cut out rectangular shapes the necessary colours to fit behind some of the windows. Once
all the acrylic window feature where in place I used the line bender to shape the acrylic, once the line bender reached
the required temperature I placed the acrylic on top in line with the midpoint engraving. When the acrylic was flexible I
bent the frame around the jig to produce the perfect shape, and left to cool (matter of seconds) before moving on to
the next fold. Once I completed folding all of the acrylic structures I began producing the base of the candle holder.
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Once again I had designed the base using the software tech soft 2D designer, the next step involved using the laser
cutter to cut out the shape in a piece of MDF. I also cut out the same shape in acrylic which would be placed over the base to improve the quality of finish of the product.
I also cut out coloured covers for the tea light stations which the structure could be moved around in order to improve the candle holders atheistic’s.
Vicky Hoey
Manufacturing specification
Stages of In school In industry
manufacture
Using the CAD/CAM software ‘Tech soft 2D designer’ I designed the drawing
CAD In industry Computer Numerical Control machines or for short CNC machines
of my final product using the simple tools it had to offer. Once I had drew
are used rather than a laser cutter because, of the multiple advantages. For
the final design for my chair I then colour co-ordinated accordingly (red =
example can be CNC machines can be used continuously 24 hours a day,
cut and black = engrave). By using CAD software I am capable of linking to a
through out the year, (produce large quantities of a product, increasing

laser cutter and produce the a 3D product of my design. I simply placed the
manufactures overall profit) but need to under go minor maintenance processes I
required material into the laser cutter ensuring that the settings are correct,
which the machine is switched off.
select print on the pc and wait for the laser cutter to cut out my design.
I prepared some of the material before using them in my product in order to
Material
Preparation achieve a high quality finish. For example before applying coats of prima and
spray paint to the MDF frame which formed my chair I sanded down the
burnt edges left by the laser cutter; by removing the edge it mean that the
spray paint would take to the MDF better resulting in a high quality finish of
my product.
Processing
In industry furniture is often produces as flat packed furniture when the

Assembly I assembled the chair by hand, using PVA glue to stick the multiple sections
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customer assembles the product themselves at home, this means that the
of the frame together, in order to ensure the structure would stay together
chair consists of knock down fittings ad attachments of nuts and bolts, etc.
I placed the chair in the vice with G-clamps attached to apply pressure,
The chair could also be produced as a block item but this will affect the
allowing the glue to set, whilst the vice held the chair frames in the required
amount of chairs which can be transport at once, which in turn affects the
position.
profit manufactures will receive from the product.
To give the chair the appearance of a high quality finish I coated the chair in Finishes such as dip coating or powder coating are applied to products to
Finishing
layers of white spay paint which would contrasts well with the blue acrylic enhance the atheistic appeal of the finished product. Dip coating is a popular
window I had designed. Before applying the spray paint I coated my chair in choice if in need of enhancing a metal product but recent technologies allow
various layers on prima so that the spray paint would stick to chair better. for the processes to be applied to man made boards such as MDF.
DT
Vicky Hoey

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I like the colors in this pattern.

Arts nouveau was inspired by nature, this is reflected in this fabric

I like the simplicity of these designs, and will try and

Stylised flowers, Silver and semi-

Hotel lobby’s are

Therefore if my chair was to be placed in a reception hall of

chair will need to be neutral to fit in with the design of

the art recycled product into

Charles Rennie Mackintosh Rene Lalique

Alfons Mucha Designers Gustav Klimt Summary

Should I design a chair of high quality but affordability then?

Could I produce any promotional material to help advertise the product?

Where are people likely to place the chair?

What colours would you recommended I use?

Should I take environmental factors in to account when designing?

Atheistic – The design is basic and simple meaning it

produce the circular base of the candle holder. Score: 7/10

Dimensions : (H) ?mm x (W) ?mm x (L) ?mm

Acrylic is a clear plastic which resembles glass

bonding of molecules creating a material less

Pinch, Owen 490 490 940 580 790 270 800

Average size 527.8 491.2 932.0 496.6 731.2 308.8 718.6

not only be a chair but a form of art.

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Idea 1 Idea 2 Idea 3 Comments

Aesthetics 7/10 4/10

6/10 4/10 5/10

8/10 Is the candle holder of sufficient quantity – if candle

8/10 6/10 8/10

7/10 8/10 5/10

9/10 9/10 4/10

out the tea lights. balanced.

Material: MDF Material : Pine

Compon In school Product made Industrially

Base Material: MDF, acrylic

in order to improve the athestics of candle

Material: Acrylic Material :HDPE

pieces into place.

MDF : 222 x 260 mm (x10)

Acrylic : Structure (1) = 270mm x 270mm Available in various

Structure (2) = 180mm x 270mm used for

Pewter feet mould CAD CAM Drawing (scale 1:1)

Internal Childs chair

Above you can see the

which I created into a Childs

chair rather than wasting

and below are the number of windows I applied

Red Orange Green Blue