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Definition:
Classification of Antibiotics
Penicillin:
Classification of Penicillin
Natural Penicillin
Extracted from the cultural solution of penicillium
Proto type is penicillin G
PH Sensitive (Not given orally)
Effective against Gram positive bacteria
Susceptible to enzyme penicillinase
Semi synthetic Penicillin
Produced by growing penicillium in culture ( synthesis of main
nucleus)
Structural modification done in Lab.
Broad spectrum antibiotics, effective against Gram negative
bacteria also
Are not resistant to enzyme penicillinase.
Mode Of Action
o Prevent the formation of bacterial cell wall by interfering with
the synthesis of Peptidiglycan.
Chemistry of Penicillin
Chemically they are carboxamido derivatives of Penicillonic acid.
SAR of Penicillin
Biosynthesis:
Therapeutic Use:
Streptomycin
Gentamycin They have broad spectrum activity against Gram
Neomycin negative bacteria.
Kenamycin
Mode of action:
SAR of Streptomycin:
Therapeutic Use:
Structure of Tetracycline:
Name X R1 R2 R3
Tetracycline H OH CH3 H
Oxytetracycline H OH CH3 OH
Doxytetracycline H H CH3 OH
SAR of Tetracycline:
Biosynthesis: