The sects of Islam

Sunni

Sunni Muslims are the largest group in Islam, comprising the vast bulk
(80-90%[7][9][144]) of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims, hence the title Ahl as-
Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘ah (people of the principle and majority[14]). In Arabic
language, as-Sunnah literally means "principle" or "path". The Qur'an
and the Sunnah (the example of Muhammad's life) as recorded in hadith
are the primary foundations of Sunni doctrine. According to Sunni Islam,
the "normative" example of Muhammad's life is called the Sunnah
(literally "trodden path"). This example is preserved in traditions known
as hadith ("reports"), which recount his words, his actions, and his
personal characteristics. The classical Muslim jurist ash-Shafi'i (d. 820)
emphasized the importance of the Sunnah in Islamic law, and Muslims
are encouraged to emulate Muhammad's actions in their daily lives. The
Sunnah is seen as crucial to guiding interpretation of the Qur'an.[145] Two
major hadith collections are Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Sunnis
believe that the first four caliphs were the rightful successors to
Muhammad; since God did not specify any particular leaders to succeed
him, those leaders had to be elected. Sunnis believe that a caliph should
be chosen by the whole community.

There are four recognised madh'habs (schools of thought): Hanafi,

Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali. All four accept the validity of the others and
a Muslim may choose any one that he or she finds agreeable.[147] The
Salafi (also known as Ahl al-Hadith, or Wahhabi by its adversaries) is a
ultra-orthodox Islamic movement which takes the first generation of
Muslims as exemplary models.[148]

Shia

The Shi'a constitute 10–20% of Islam and are its second-largest branch.[9]
[12]
They believe in the political and religious leadership of Imams from
the progeny of Ali ibn Abi Talib, who according to most Shi'a are in a
state of ismah, meaning infallibility. They believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib,
as the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was his rightful successor,
and they call him the first Imam (leader), rejecting the legitimacy of the
previous Muslim caliphs. To most Shi'a, an Imam rules by right of divine
appointment and holds "absolute spiritual authority" among Muslims,
having final say in matters of doctrine and revelation. Shias regard Ali as
the prophet's true successor and believe that a caliph is appointed by
divine will.[149] Shi'a Islam has several branches, the largest of which is
the Twelvers (iṯnāʿašariyya) which the label Shi'a generally refers to.
Although the Twelver Shi'a share many core practices with the Sunni, the
two branches disagree over the proper importance and validity of specific
collections of hadith. The Twelver Shi'a follow a legal tradition called
Ja'fari jurisprudence.[150] Other smaller groups include the Ismaili and
Zaidi, who differ from Twelvers in both their line of successors and
theological beliefs.[151]

Sufism
Sufism is a mystical-ascetic approach to Islam that seeks to find divine
love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God. By
focusing on the more spiritual aspects of religion, Sufis strive to obtain
direct experience of God by making use of "intuitive and emotional
faculties" that one must be trained to use. Sufism and Islamic law are
usually considered to be complementary, although Sufism has been
criticized by the Salafi sect for what they see as an unjustified religious
innovation.[ Many Sufi orders, or tariqas, can be classified as either
Sunni or Shi'a, but others classify themselves simply as 'Sufi'

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