Basic Switching Systems: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
(A Government of India Enterprise)
BASIC SWITCHING SYSTEMS
C-DOT 256P RAX
REGIONAL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

(An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Institution)
Thiruvananthapuram – 695 040
C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 1

C-DOT 256P RAX
INDEX
Ch TOPIC PAGE
1 Introduction 1
2 System Architecture 3–7
3 Hardware Architecture 8 - 38
4 Subscriber Features 39 - 49
5 Exchange Operations 50 - 64
6 Startup Procedure 65 - 68
7 Fault Handling 69 -77
8 256P RAX Installation 78 – 90
App. A Specification Summary 91 – 94
App. B Equipment Summary 95

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. OVERVIEW
The C-DOT 256 Rural Automatic Exchange (RAX) is a digital Stored
Program Controlled (SPC) switching system with a capacity of 256
terminations. These terminations include subscriber lines, trunks to other
exchanges and tones. 256 RAX can act as a terminal exchange, Integrated
Local cum Transit (ILT) exchange or purely transit exchange. This could be
placed in a secondary switching area as a tertiary centre - providing
connectivity amongst a number of RAXs, TAX and manual trunk positions in
addition to local subscribers.
The system employs a completely non-blocking 4-wire PCM switching

network, which forms the basis of high capacity, total system availability
and high traffic handling capability.
The system has been designed to suit the distinctive needs of developing
countries like India. It incorporates the following design features to meet the
rigorous demands of such an environment.
 Low power components are used to reduce power consumption and
heat generation.
 Duplication of all critical electronics circuitry ensures that a single
fault does not affect more than 8 terminals.
 High system reliability is ensured by automatic on-line diagnostics for
fault isolation and recovery.
 Ease of installation
 Flexible system dimensioning
 An easy to use, exhaustive set of subscriber, maintenance and system
features.

Chapter 2 Describes the System Architecture
Gives the Functional description of various hardware modules
Chapter 3
used in the system
Chapter 4 Describes the Subscriber Features
Describe Operation and Maintenance (O&M) aspects of the
Chapter 5
system
Chapter 6 Briefly explains the Startup Procedure
Chapter 7 Explains the Fault Handling in 256P RAX
Chapter 8 Explains the RAX Installation details
Appendix-
Specification Summary
A
Appendix-
Equipment Summary – Printed Circuit Boards
B

CHAPTER 2.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
2.1. OVERVIEW
The C-DOT 256P RAX has been designed by reconfiguring the basic building
block used in higher capacity systems of the C-DOT DSS family. The system is
highly modular, and flexible to the changing technology. The software is
structured and clear interfaces exist between hardware and software. The
redundancy of critical circuitry and exhaustive set of diagnostic schemes
ensure high system reliability.
2.2. SYSTEM HARDWARE BLOCKS (REFER FIG. 2.1 & 2.2)

All subscriber lines and trunks are interfaced to the system through the
Terminal Interface cards. Each terminal interface card caters to 8
terminations. Four such cards form a Terminal Group. There are 32 such
terminal interface cards; sixteen in each frame (C-DOT 256P RAX has a two
frame implementation. The top frame is called ‘Slave Frame’ and bottom
frame is called ‘Master Frame’).
2.2.1. Terminal Group (TG)

Analog information from the terminations is first changed to digital PCM form
at a bit rate of 64 Kbps. Thirty two such PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
channels from four Terminal Interface cards are time division multiplexed to
generate one 32 channel, 2.048 Mbps PCM link. However, inputs from 30
channel digital trunks is given directly on the 32 channel 2.048 Mbps link.
Thus from 32 terminal interface cards, eight such PCM links are obtained.
Four of these links are terminated on RSC (RAX Switch Controller card) of
master frame and the other four are terminated on RSC of slave frame.
2.2.2. RAX Switch Controller Card (RSC)

RSC has 256x256 non-blocking 4-wire PCM switch. Four PCM 32-channel 2.048
Mb/s links from terminal groups of self-frame and four PCM 32-channel 2.048
Mb/s switched links from RSC of other frame are terminated on each RSC.
Switching is done by RSC under control of RAP (RAX Administrative
Processor). Four PCM 32 channel 2.048 Mb/s links carry the switched
information of the terminations. There are two RSC cards (copy 0 & copy 1)
in each frame. RSC in Master frame communicates with self-RAP, its
duplicated RSC and slave RSC of self-plane via ACIA links. It also has
provision for three HDLC links to communicate with RAX Terminal Test Card
(RTC) and two RAX Multi-frequency cards (RMF0 and RMF1). In the slave
frame, 2 HDLC links are used to communicate with RWC cards. It monitors
power supply cards for faults continuously and interacts with Signalling
Processor Card (SPC) using standard 65C02 data bus and control signals.
2.2.3. Signalling Processor Card (SPC) / Integrated Signalling

Processor Card (ISP)
Signalling information related to terminations such as dialled digits, ring
trip, trunk seizure etc., are separated at the Terminal Interface cards and
carried to the Signalling Processor (SP/ISP) on a time-multiplexed link. The
SP/ISP passes on this information to the RSC. Similarly the SP/ISP is used for
outpulsing digits, detecting reversal etc.
2.2.4. RAX Administrative Processor (RAP) Card

RAP is a microprocessor based controller card, which handles the call
processing functions. RAP sends the termination related information to the
RSC over the ACIA link.
2.2.5. Maintenance Panel

Maintenance Panel is connected to the RAP via a RS-232C link for system
operations and maintenance functions.

2.2.6. Power and Ringing
A DC-DC converter generates the various voltages required for the system
operation and also provides ringing for the subscriber loops.
FIG: 2.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
256P RAX
SLAVE
FRAME
MASTER MAINTENANC
FRAME E PANEL
T
PRINTE
T R
230V+10% 50Hz Single -48V DC

φ POWER
PLANT

FIG: 2.2 256P RAX H/W ARCHITECTURE (SINGLE PLANE)

TG TG COPY 0 COPY 1 TG TG
P S R R S P S
L
S T T T T T T T T P S S P T T T T T T T T S A
U C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C U V
0 0 0 1 1 1 E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
T T
T R R M
C C
P C R S R R R R S R D D P A
R / / S
S T T T T / A P S A A S P A T T S T T C S
T R R T
U C C C C C T C C P P C C T C C / C C / U E
C M M
0 N 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 T T 1 R
F F
F C C
0 1
FIG: 2.3 256P RAX CARD FRAME

CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
3.1. OVERVIEW
The integrated circuits used in the C-DOT 256P RAX hardware have low
power dissipation and high operational reliability. The components used are
based on Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS), Complementary MOS (CMOS),
Low-Power Schottky Transistor-Transistor Logic (LSTTL), and bipolar
technologies. All the system circuitry has been packaged into twenty card
types. On the broad level, these could be divided into following categories:
• Terminal Interfaces
• Subscriber Line Card (Ordinary LCC/CCM)
• 4 wire E&M Trunk Card (EMF)
• Two way Trunk Card (TWT)
• 30-Channel Digital Trunk Unit
• RAX Digital Trunk CAS Card (RDC)
• RAX Digital Trunk Sync Card (RDS)
• RAX WiLL Controller (RWC) card (support two 30-channel DTs)
• RAX 10-Channel Digital Trunk Card (RDT)
• Controller Cards
• RAX Administrative Processor Card (RAP)
• RAX Switch Controller Card (RSC)
• Signalling Processor Card (SPC)/ Integrated Signalling Processor
Card (ISP)
• Service Cards
• RAX Multi-frequency Card (RMF)
• RAX Announcement Cum Tones Card (RAT)
• Conference Card (CNF)

• RAX Terminal Test Card (RTC)
• Maintenance Panel
• Controller Card
• Keyboard Card
• Display Card
• Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• RAX Network Synchronization (RNS) Card
3.2. TERMINAL INTERFACES

The C-DOT 256 RAX has broadly two types of Terminal Interfaces:
• Analog Terminal Interfaces
- Subscriber Line Card (LCC/CCM)
- 4 Wire E&M Card (EMF)
- Two way Trunk Card (2 Wire)
• Digital Terminal Interfaces
- 30 Channel Digital Trunk Unit (RDS/RDC)
- RAX 10 Channel Digital Trunk Card (RDT)
- RAX WLL Controller (RWC)
3.2.1. Analog Terminal Interfaces

Each terminal interface card caters to 8 terminations. Four cards make a
Terminal Group (TG), which is associated with PCM 32-channel link towards
the RSC. Signalling information are multiplexed and placed on 4 wires ABCD
signalling Bus toward RSC.
3.2.1.1. Subscriber Line Card (LCC/CCM) (Ref. Fig. 3.1)

Line Circuit Card (LCC) is used to interface ordinary subscriber lines. Fig. 3.1
gives the detailed block diagram of this card.
The Line Circuit Card performs a set of functions collectively termed as
BORSCHT, signifying:

B- Battery Feed
O- Overvoltage Protection
R- Ringing
S- Supervision
C- Coding
H- Hybrid Conversion
T- Testing
FIG. 3.1 LINE CIRCUITCARD (8CIRCUIT/ CARD)

Battery Feed
• A -48V battery with current limiting facility is provided on each line for
signalling purposes and for energizing the microphone.
Overvoltage Protection
• A hybrid transformer and surge arresters across Tip and Ring provide
protection against over voltages.
Ringing
• Ringing is extended to subscribers under the control of Signalling
Processor (SP/ISP), through the contacts of an energized relay. The Ring
is tripped when off-hook condition is detected.
Supervision
• On/Off-hook detection and dialling make/break are encoded and passed
on to SP/ISP as the scan information from the subscriber lines.
Coding
• Coding refers to encoding of analog voice to digital form (8 bit, A-law
PCM) through a coder/decoder (CODEC). CODEC outputs of 32 CODECs of
each Terminal Group are time division multiplexed to form a PCM 32-
channel at 2.048 Mbps.
Hybrid Conversion
• 2-wire to 4-wire conversion is done before coding for full duplex (voice)
operation.
Testing
• Metallic access is provided on subscriber lines for routine tests (Tests
Access Relays). Coin Collection Box (CCB) is an ordinary LCC with an
additional reversal relay per subscriber to extend reversal on called party
answer. This card is basically used to cater to special requirements of
PCOs and PABXs. However, this card can also be used as line circuit card
(LCC). Coin Collection Box with Metering (CCM) card is also same as
LCC/CCB card except that it has got extra hardware to generate and feed
16-KHz pulses towards subscriber premise. This card is basically used to
interface STD PCOs or special subscribers having home metering
requirements. However, in CCM card out of eight ports only last two i.e.,

Port no. 7 and 8 are equipped with 16-KHz pulse generator. Therefore,
only two subscribers per CCM card may have this provision. Rest of the
ports is used for ordinary subscribers or Coin Collection Box type. This
card as a whole can be used as LCC.
3.2.1.2. 4-Wire E&M Trunk Card (EMF) (Refer Fig. 3.2)

EMF card provides 4-wire E&M trunks to the carrier equipment. One EMF card
provides eight 4-wire E&M trunks. Each 4-wire E&M trunk consists of six
physical wires, 4 for speech and 2 for exchanging signalling information with
the carrier equipment. This card interfaces with RSC for voice and SPC/ISP
for signaling information.

Fig. 3.2 is the block diagram of the card. The EMF card can be functionally
classified into following blocks:
• Analog Voice Path
• Signalling
• Loopback Diagnostics

• Copy Selection and Duplication
• Power Supply
3.2.1.3. Two Way Trunk (TWT) Card (Refer Fig. 3.3)

This card interfaces with 2-wire analog trunks coming from other exchanges.
One TWT card caters to 8 such trunks. Each trunk circuit can be configured
as incoming or outgoing or bothway depending upon the requirement. This is
done under Software control and a suitable man machine command is
available for the purpose. This card too, like other termination cards
interfaces with RSC for voice and SPC for signalling.
Fig. 3.3 is the block diagram of the card. The diagram shows the division of
the TWT card into the following functional blocks:-
• The 2-4 wire conversion, coding and decoding
• The RSC interface
• The signalling scan and drive interface
• The signalling processor interface
• The copy select and the diagnostics
• Power supply
3.2.2. Digital Trunk Interfaces

The digital trunk interface is either through a:
• 30-channel digital trunk unit (RDC/RDS) or
• RAX 10-channel Digital Trunk (RDT) card or
• RAX WiLL Controller (RWC) Card
3.2.2.1. 30-Channel Digital Trunk Unit (Refer Fig 3.4 (a) and Fig 3.4 (b))
30-channel Digital Trunk Unit (DTU) is packaged in two cards:-
• RAX digital trunk CAS card (RDC)
• RAX digital trunk Sync card (RDS)

The 30-channel Digital Trunk Unit occupies one 32-channel PCM link
(one Terminal Group). Since it physically occupies only two card slots, the
remaining two card slots of that Terminal Group remain unused.

3.2.2.2. RAX 10-Channel Digital Trunk (RDT) Card (Refer Fig. 3.4 (c))
The RAX 10-channel Digital Trunk card (RDT) is used for the digital trunk
interconnectivity between 256P RAXs. It also helps in interfacing 256P RAXs
with 6RU10, transmission equipment. The RDT carries the voice & signalling
information of 10 subscribers.
The RAX 10 channel Digital Trunk card (RDT) operates at 704 kb/s. It can be
placed in any termination card slot of 256 RAX. In order to maintain
compatibility with termination cards, only 8 out of the 10 channels are used.
The maximum number of RDT’s that can be put in a 256 port RAX is limited
to eight.
3.2.2.3. RAX WLL Controller (RWC) [Refer Fig. 3.4 (d) ( i), ( ii), ( iii)]
RAX WLL Controller Card (RWC) supports two 30-channel digital trunk
interfaces each of which can operate either in CAS or CCS mode. This card
can occupy slots 10 or 17 of slave frame of 256P RAX because HDLC link
towards RSC is available only from these slots. Either one DT or both the DTs
can be equipped when this card is used.

3.3. CONTROLLER CARDS
The C-DOT 256 RAX has three types of controller cards:
 RAX Administrative Processor Card (RAP)
 RAX Switch Controller Card (RSC)
 Signalling Processor Card (SPC) /
Integrated Signal Processor Card (ISP)

3.3.1. RAX Administrative Processor (RAP) Card (Refer Fig. 3.5)
The RAP card organization can be functionally divided into two blocks:
 Processor Interface
The major constituents of processor interface are memory devices and
interrupt mechanism. Paging concept is introduced to accommodate
the bulk memory requirement into the 64K address space of the
processor 65C02. The total capacity for non-volatile data storage is
128K. In this paged environment, many devices share a common
address space and one of them takes over the bus based on selection
control done by paging control register. RAP card has provision for six
asynchronous data communication links (ACIA). Software timer service
is provided by one timer module, which generates periodic interrupts
to the processor for software timing purpose.
 PCM Clock/Sync Interface

A stable 8.192 MHz, 50% duty cycle clock is derived from 16.384 MHz
oscillator. The SYNC signal is generated by dividing the selected 8.192 MHz
clock through a cascaded counter chain.
3.3.1.1. A selection logic is employed for selecting one of the

following two clock/sync sources:
 On board source
 From duplicate RAP copy
The selection control is provided through PIA. Elaborate diagnostics are done
for detecting the selected clock presence and frequency check over the
SYNC signal is also performed.

3.3.2. RAX Switch Controller (RSC) Card (Refer Fig. 3.6)
The whole of RSC organization can be split into the following blocks:
 CPU Block
 SPC Interface
 Switch Block
 Terminal Interface
 Message Links
 Duplication Strategy

3.3.3. Signalling Processor (SPC)/Integrated Signalling Processor (ISP)
Card
(Refer: Fig. 3.7)
The Signalling Processor Card (SPC) interfaces with the terminal cards on one
end and both the copies of RAX Switch Controller card (RSC) on the other. In
ISP, the whole circuitry of SP is replaced by an ASIC. The signaling
information from the terminations is given to the RSC through a standard

65C02 bus interface. The RSC also programs the SP drive functions through
this interface.
3.4 SERVICE CIRCUIT CARDS

The C-DOT 256 RAX has four types of service circuit cards:
• RAX Multi-Frequency Card (RMF)

• RAX Announcement and Tone Card (RAT)
• Conference Card (CNF)
• RAX Terminal Test Card (RTC)
These cards can be placed in their terminal interface slots. These

cards also place their digital information on 32-channel PCM highway towards
RSC.
3.4.1 RAX Multi-Frequency Card (RMF) (Refer Fig.3.8)

RMF card lies in Master Frame of a 256P RAX and services 8 channels
per card. Two such cards can be equipped in system. This card
receives and generates MF/DTMF tones, as per CCITT specification, for
the 8 channels. Input signals like 32 channel PCMIN, card select etc.
come from both copy 0 and copy 1 of RSC, the selection of the active
copy out of the two is done by card hardware selection logic, which
get three signals from each copy of RSC. These signals are Hardware
Error, Watchdog and Active/Passive status.
Functionally card is divided as follows:

a) Receiver Circuitry
b) Generator Circuitry
c) Processor Interface Circuitry

3.4.2 RAX Announcement and Tones Card (RAT) (Ref. Fig. 3.9)
The RAX announcement and tones card is one of the termination
cards of the system whose function is to send PCM samples of 8
different tones/announcement to the voice switch (RSC) in a
multiplexed fashion. The tone/announcement PCM samples are stored
in the various pages of EPROMs located in the card. The processor of
the RAT card does the functions of switching between pages to send
out the tone/announcement corresponding to 8 channels of 32 PCM
link at 2.048 Mbps.

3.4.3 Conference (CNF) Card (Fig. 3.10)
The conference card supports two 4-party conferences. It
interfaces with the RSC on one of the PCM 32 Terminal Groups (TGs).
RSC gives the synchronizing signals for this card. Trunk offering makes
use of this card for three party conferences.

3.4.4 RAX Terminal Test Card (RTC) (Refer Fig. 3.11)
The RAX terminal Test card (RTC) is provided in the system to
ensure efficient fault detection on subscriber lines/trunks. One RTC
caters to the whole system. All subscriber lines and line circuits can
be connected to this card through Test Access (TA) bus by operating
per channel 4-way relay which is residing in line circuit card. Under
normal circumstances, the relay is in such a position that the
subscriber line is connected to the line circuit (in a Line Card). When
a test is required the relay switches and connects the subscriber line
and corresponding line circuit to TA bus.
RTC is placed in master frame and communicates with both

copies of RSC on HDLC link.

RTC performs the following tests on the termination:
a) Subscriber Line Tests with the hand set on hook:
• Measurement of foreign voltage (ac/dc) between ‘a’ and
ground or between ‘b’ and ground.
• Measurement of insulation resistance between ‘a’ and
ground between ‘b’ and ground, or between ‘a’ and ‘b’.
• Measurement of capacitance across ‘a’ and ‘b’.
b) Exchange side tests on line circuits

• Origination
• Digit reception
• Flash reception
• Disconnection
• Ringing
• Answer
• Ring Trip
• Codec A to D conversion
• Codec D to A conversion
• Metering pulse
• Earth fault
• Battery reversal
c) For EMF and TWT trunk cards
• Seizure
• Digit reception / outpulsing
• Answer
• Metering pulse
• Trunk offer
• Clear forward
• Clear backward
• Codec A to D conversion
• Codec D to A conversion
• Earth fault
3.5 Maintenance Panel (MP)
Maintenance panel is an independent unit connected to RAX on
ACIA link. MP is used to carry out various Exchange ‘Operation and
Maintenance’ functions. Maintenance panel unit consists of three
cards, Functional description of these cards are as follows.
3.5.1 Maintenance Panel Controller Card

The controller card interfaces with the keyboard and display
card for accepting keyboard commands and displaying call related
information. Commands are formatted into messages and
communicated to RAP through an asynchronous serial Interface. MP is
connected to both copies of RAP through ACIA links. It receives
messages only from the active copy of RAP and in case of any link
failure, MP switches over to the other copy of RAP. Similarly message
indicating Call Status/system status are received from RAP and
displayed on LCD/LED displays. The console can be functionally
classified into following blocks:
MPU Logic:
The major constituents of Processor interface are memory devices and
interrupt mechanism. Paging concept is introduced to accommodate the
bulk memory requirement into the 64 k address space of processor 65C02.
This is achieved by 8-bit paging register. Devices include ACIA, PIA, Timer,
Control Register, Paging Register, Keyboard Encoder and Printer Register.
ACIA Interface:
There are three ACIAs on board, two of which are being used for the
interface. Message generated by the MPU are properly formatted and
transmitted by the ACIA interrupts the MPU. The MPU in turn reads this ACIA
and processes the received data.
The third ACIA is used exclusively for a remote MODEM interface. All
hand shake signals and transmit data are properly sent through a RS 232 link.
PIA Interface
The PIA is used to control 32 character LCDs on the display card and
printer. All control signals pertaining to the 32 character LCDs originate
from the port B of the PIA. Port B also provides control signals for the
“Parallel Printer”. Port A is used exclusively for the LCD data. The PIA also
handles the Interrupts from the keyboard, printer and the real time clock.
All the above three can also interrupt the MPU through the PIA.
Timer Interface
The timer used has 3 independent, software-programmable counters.
All three counters receive the processor clock as input. One counter output
is used for the keyboard controller. The second one for the Real Time clock
and the third for the buzzer.
Keyboard Interface
A keyboard encoder is used for the Keyboard Interface. The timing for
the encoder is derived from the timer. The encoder drives “Pulses” at
specific intervals on its “drive” lines. When a key is pressed an electrical
contact is made between the “drive line” and a particular “scan” line. This
generates a “keyboard Interrupt” which interrupts the processor via the PIA.
Once keyboard is read by processor, encoder clears the interrupts. At the
same instant the ASCII character corresponding to the particular key pressed
is output to the display.
Diagnostic LEDs
There are 48 LEDs on the display card, which are controlled by a LED
RAM on the controller. Twelve locations on the LED RAM are dedicated to the
LEDs. Each set of 8 LEDs are controlled by the 8 bit data in a particular
memory location. Thus, total six bytes of data required for 48 LEDs.
However, total twelve bytes of data is used to control these 48 LEDs. The
other six bytes of data control the same 48 LEDs for Red colour glowing (the
LEDs used are bicolour LEDs with 2 anodes and a cathode). Therefore two
controls for a LED serves the purpose of displaying 2 different colours.
Printer Interface
Printer control signals originate from
1. PIA - o/p signals & i/p signals

2. Paging Reg. - i/p signals
The Printer “data” is to be latched into a separate “printer Register”

which is an 8 bit write only register.

The Interface is for a standard parallel printer, which can be used with
IBM compatibles. Connectorisation has been done similar to the IBM PC, so
that the same printer cable can be used.
Power Supply
Power for the console is derived from an on board power unit.
The input (-48V and Gnd) are taken from the system, the out
puts being +12V, -12V, +5V and ground.
The power unit consists of a regulator for the +12V, one for the
-12V and two for the +5V generation, in addition to a switching
mode power unit circuitry to convert the -48V to the necessary
voltages. The power unit supplies power to the display card too.
3.5.2 Maintenance panel keyboard Card

The keyboard card is one of the constituents of the console unit. The
card consists of 30 keys each of which is for a dedicated function. Ten
keys are for the standard “directory numbers” (0 to 9). The rest are
for specified functions like trunk routing, card status display etc.
The keyboard encoder on the controller card scans the 30 keys for a
“Valid closure” by driving out made between a certain ‘drive’ line and
a ‘scan’ line. This is informed by the encoder to the processor by an
‘interrupt’. The processor on reading the encoder gets the ASCII
character corresponding to the key pressed.
The speed of operation depends on factors including debounce time,

frequency of the keyboard clock and processors speed.
3.5.3 Maintenance panel Display Card

The display card is one of the constituents of the Maintenance
Panel/Console unit. The card consists of 48 Bi-colour LEDs, a liquid

Crystal Display (LCD) for the visual interface and speaker for Audio
Alarm.
All hardware on the display card are controlled by the S/W residing on
the controller card. The hardware does the function of interpreting
the signals from the controller into Audio Visual indications.
For ease of packaging, the signals from the controller are routed
through the keyboard card. Also for the same reason the speaker is
made detachable from the display card. The display card is powered
by the controller.
3.6 POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU) (FIG. 3.12 and 3.13)
The Power Supply Card (PSU) generates ringer voltage and various D.C.
Voltages required by the C-DOT RAX. The input to the card is -48 V DC which
is derived from a float charger & battery set housed outside the system
cabinet. The DC-DC converter, which works in switched mode, generates
+5V (8A), +12.5V (1A), -9V unregulated (500mA) and -12V (100mA). The
available -48V DC from the charger is used by terminal card to provide
battery feed.
The Power Supply Card (PSU) generates ringer voltage and various D.C.
Voltages required by the C-DOT RAX. The input to the card is -48 V DC which
is derived from a float charger & battery set housed outside the system
cabinet. The DC-DC converter, which works in switched mode, generates
+5V (8A), +12.5V (1A), -9V unregulated (500mA) and -12V (100mA). The
available -48V DC from the charger is used by terminal card to provide
battery feed.

Functional Description
This PSU card can be functionally divided into two parts:
i. DC- DC converter
ii. Ringer
i) DC-DC Converter
The DC-DC Converter consists of an inverter, switcher, a ferrite
transformer with rectifiers, filters and protection circuits.
The low power inverter is used to produce positive voltage from

the - 48V for powering the control circuits in the card.
The 48V DC input is switched to 20 KHz pulses whose width is

controlled by the switcher to keep the final output constant.
The pulsed AC is stepped down, rectified, filtered for ripple

correction and protected against short-circuit and over voltage,
for generating lower DC voltage.
ii) Ringer
The Ringer converts -48V DC into 75 V AC (RMS), 25Hz with a
cadence of 0.4 sec.ON, & 0.2 sec. OFF, 0.4 sec.ON, 2 sec OFF.
75V (ON)
0V (OFF)
0.4S 0.2S 0.4S 2.0S
FIG 3.13 RAX RINGER SUPPLY

CHAPTER 4
SUBSCRIBER FEATURES
NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS
BT - Busy Tone
Conv - Conversion
DT - Dial Tone
Flash - Hook-switch flash (HSF), required for

malicious call trace
IND - Indicating positive acknowledgment

(Note: This tone is same as call routing tone)
KW - Key Word (4 digit secret authorization code)
Service Code - Service Enable code (valid values are 123 or

124)
Choice Code - To select choice for outgoing call

` restrictions (valid values are
0,1,2,3,4)
RBT - Ring Back Tone
RH - Replace Handset
LH - Lift Handset

Note: To be able to use a feature, the subscriber
must be registered with the exchange administration.
1. BASIC SERVICES
1.1 SUBSCRIBER DIALLED CALLS
Local, national and international calls can be dialled by the
subscriber.
1.2 PBX LINES; LINE HUNTING
This feature allows automatic selection of a free line from a
group of lines serving a subscriber on reception of a call to that
subscriber’s general directory number. This facility is useful in enquiry
services like the Railway, Airlines, etc. or where a group of lines is
connected to PBX at the other end.
Two types of hunting is possible i.e. fixed head hunt and
progressive head hunt.
In case of fixed head hunt, the call will be offered to
pilot/principal directory number of the group. If the principal
directory number is busy., the call will be offered to the next member
of the hunt group. If the second member is also busy, the call will be
offered to the next free available member of the group.
For example, directory number ‘P’ is a principal directory no. of a

group of fixed head hunt type. Directory nos. ‘A’ ‘B’ and ‘C’ are the
other members of this particular hunt group. Then first call to ‘P’ will
be offered to ‘P’. The second call to ‘P’, if ‘P’ remains busy will be
offered to ‘A’. the next call to ‘P’, if ‘P’ and ‘A’; remain busy, will be
offered to ‘B’ and so on. If ‘P’, ‘A’ a and ‘B’ are busy, and when a call
is made to ‘P’ and in the meantime ‘A’ becomes free, then call will be
offered to ‘A’. Hence, in case of fixed head hunt if principal directory
no, is busy, then next call will be offered to next free member in the
sequence.
Incase of progressive head hunting, if principal directory number

is busy, then, further calls to principal directory number will be

offered to one of the member line from the hunt group, which has
been idle for longer time.
Take the above-mentioned example with progressive head hunt

type. ‘P’, ‘A’ and ‘B’ are busy, when a call is made to ‘P’. If in the
mean time ’A’ became free, then the call will be offered to ‘C’
instead of ‘A’.
2. RAPID CALL SET UP SERVICES

2.1 HOTLINE
2.1.1 Hot Line without Time-out
This feature allows the subscriber to make calls to a fixed
destination by just lifting his handset. The subscriber cannot dial any
outgoing calls. In coming calls to a subscriber having this feature,
however, are not affected.
The ‘fixed destination’ has to be pre-registered in the exchange.

• Feature Usage
LH-RBT from distant end
2.1.2 Hot Line with Time - out
This feature allows a subscriber to make a call to a fixed
destination by just lifting his handset and waiting for a short period of
time. In case, the subscriber wants to make a call to a destination
other than the fixed destination then the subscriber is expected to
start dialing that subscriber directory number before the ‘time-out’. A
useful facility, say, for communication between a factory and its
registered offices of between two branches of an organization etc.
• Feature Usage as Hotline
LH - wait for a time out (5 secs)
RBT - from distant end
• Feature Usage to contact different number

Lift Handset, dial desired directory no. (dial first digit within 5 secs of
lifting handset) RBT from distant end.
3. CALL RESTRICTION SERVICES
3.1 OUT GOING CALL RESTRICTION
3.1.1 Administrative Controlled Restrictions
On the request of a subscriber the Telecom administration can
prevent all or certain outgoing calls from the telephone of a
subscriber. A useful facility for a subscriber if he wants to ensure
prevention of misuse of his lines. The feature permits barring of ISD
calls, STD call or even local calls.
3.1.2 Subscriber Controlled Restriction
This feature allows the subscriber to activate (and later
deactivate) prevention of all or certain outgoing calls from his
telephone line by following certain control procedures. This facility is
completely automatic and requires the subscriber to dial a ‘Service
Code’ and ‘Key Word’ (4 digits) followed by ‘choice Code’. ‘Key word’
is a secret code, which the subscriber has to feed himself first time
following certain control procedure. ‘Key Word’ can also be changed
by the subscriber and is kept secret by the system. ‘Service code’ is
basically a three-digit number, (123 or 124 as the case may be).
‘Choice code’ is a single digit number (0 to 4) and is used to allow/bar
particular service as explained below.
• How to register ‘Key word’ first time:

LH - DT- Service code - Key Word - Key Word - IND
Service code for invoking this feature is ‘123’
Example: If subscriber chooses its Key Word as ‘1991’ (say)

LH-DT 123 -1991 - IND
• How to change ‘Key Word’
This facility will be used to change ‘Key Word’ by subscriber
himself.
Activation

LH - DT - Service Code - Key Word - New Key Word - IND
Example:
Let us say subscriber want to change his ‘Key word’ from ‘1991’
to
‘1856’
LH - DT - 123 - 1991 - 1856 - IND
Service code is ‘123’ for facility.
New keyword will become ‘1856’.
• How to bar a subscriber line from originating STD/ISD

calls:
This facility is useful if subscriber wants to bar STD/ISD calls
from his telephone and wants to allow local and other calls.
Activation
LH - DT - Service Code - Key Word - Choice Code -IND
Service Code is ‘124’ and choice code is ‘1’ for this facility.
Example: LH - DT - 124 - 1856 - 1 - IND
• How to bar subscriber line from Trunk booking and

originating STD/ISD calls
If subscriber wants to make only local calls and wants to bar
STD/ISD/Trunk booking.
Activation
LH - DT - Service code - Keyword - choice Code - IND
Service code is ‘124’ and choice code is ‘2’ for this facility’
Example:
LH - DT - 124 - 1856 - 2 - IND
Note: Emergency Numbers will be allowed.
• How to bar subscriber line from originating ISD calls only:

If subscriber wants to allow Local/STD/Trunk Booking but bar ISD
calls Activation
LH - DT - Service Code - Key Word - Choice code - IND
Example:
Service Code is ‘124’ and choice code is ‘3’ for this facility.
LH - DT - 124 - 1856 - 3 - IND
• How to allow all types of calls: (Deactivating any of the above

barring).
To make available Local/Trunk bookings/STD/ISD calls
Activation
LH - DT - Service code - Key Word - Choice code - IND
Example:
LH - DT - 124 - 1856 - 0 -IND
Note: Subscriber should not forget his “Keyword”, he has

to contact concerned exchange administration for re-initialization of
his code.
3.2 SUMMARY OF OUTGOING CALL RESTRICATION
Sl Service Description Service Choice Code

code
1 Registering ‘Key word’ first time 123 -
2 Changing ‘Key Word’ 123 -
3 Barring a line from STD/ISD calls 124 1
4 Barring a line from trunk Booking/ STD/ 124 2
ISD calls (Except Emergency Calls)
5 Barring a line from ISD calls only 124 3
6 Allowing all types of calls 124 0
(Local, STD, ISD, Trunk, Emergency)
7 Barring all types of calls 124 4
(Except Emergency calls)

4. CALL CHARGE FACILITIES
4.1 CHARGING INFORMATION SERVICES
Subscriber’s Home Meter
This feature allows the subscriber to have a meter installed at his
premises showing the total call units. The facility is useful to the
subscribers who want to get an idea as to how many calls have been
made so far. This meter operates on 16 KHz pulses.
4.1.2 Detailed Call Charge Recording / Storage / Printout
This feature allows the subscriber to get a printed record of all
calls (or only long distance calls) made from his line indicating the day
and date, the called number, duration and charge of calls.
4.1.3 Subscriber Meter Threshold

This feature will set the upper limit on the metering for a subscriber.
If the meter exceeds the threshold limit defined, then the subscriber
will not get the dial tone. Exchange operator can control the line
usage this facility based on the payment status.
4.2 CHARGE DEBITING SERVICES

4.2.1 Coin Box Lines
The system has a suitable interface and other provisions so that
a special telephone set for which outgoing calls are permitted only
after insertion of adequate coins(s) on answer by the wanted party:
while, incoming calls are allowed with out payment. Out going calls to
certain emergency services may be permitted without payment.
For CCB lines, three different types of charging are possible.

They are:
a) Unit Fee: In this mode the CCB line will be charged only
one unit irrespective of duration of the calls.
b) Disconnect: In this mode the call will get disconnected
once the duration for one unit has expired. (Case of
Intra RAX calls which are not unit fee calls)

c) Continue: Same as above except that the call will not be
disconnected. It will be treated as ordinary subscriber line. In
this case the CCB subscriber will be charged at rate programmed
(for that call) at the exchange.
4.2.2 STD Coin Box Lines/STD PCO
The system has a suitable interface and other provisions so that
a special telephone set which can charge subscriber periodically (for
STD/ISD calls) on receiving a 16 KHz pulses from the exchange.
4.2.3 Non-Metered Lines
This feature allows installation of certain telephone lines, calls
to which are not metered. This feature is useful in certain emergency
services like fire, ambulance, etc. for public utility.
5. INFORMATION SERVICES
5.1 LEVEL ONE SPECIAL SERVICES
The exchange caters to various requirements of the ‘level one’
services like Trunk Booking, Directory Enquiry etc. Exchange also
permits defining certain ‘Level 1’ services as Emergency numbers like;
Police, ambulance, Fire etc.
6. MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
6.1. MALICIOUS CALL SERVICE
At the discretion of the Administration. Assistance is given to
ascertain the origin of malicious, nuisance or obscene calls. Whenever
the called subscriber is registered in malicious call trace category, the
exchange stores the identity of calling subscriber (in case of intra
exchange calls from exchange having the identification capability) of
the identity of the Incoming Junctor (if the distant exchange does not
have facility to identify the calling subscriber).
• Feature Usage
Conv - Flash

HSF during conversation, if malicious call service is allowed on
particular subscriber, is indication to exchange that called subscriber
needs this call to be traced.
6.2. TRUNK OFFER
This facility allows the network operator to interrupt and speak
to a subscriber already busy in a conversation. A useful facility for the
administration and subscribers, as, it allows the operator to announce
an important call. For example, a trunk call is to be offered to a
subscriber already busy in a conversation. The option to accept the
call from the operator lies with the subscriber.
6.3. QUEUE SERVICE
This feature allows the subscriber to have fresh callers placed in
a Queue when his line is busy. The service is of particular value to
subscribers who have a single number and who do not want to lose call
when the line is busy. For example a directory no. ‘A’ having call
queue facility is busy in conversation with other subscriber say ‘B’.
Now if another subscriber ‘C’ dials ‘A’, then ‘C’ will be placed in
queue. ‘A’ will get an indication tone of small duration periodically
which indicates that a call is placed in queue. ‘C’ will get either RBT
or an announcement indicating that he has been placed in queue. ‘A’,
if desires, can discontinue the call with ‘B’ and attend to the call
originated by ‘C’.
6.4. CALLING LINE IDENTITY PRESENTATION (CLIP)

This feature allows the subscriber to view the calling subscriber
number before actually answering the call. This feature is mot useful
to these subscribers who receive malicious calls. An additional CLIP
display unit or a telephone instrument with CLIP display in which
subscriber can view the calling line identity is needed for this feature,
along with hardware changes on the corresponding line card. This
facility can be enabled/disabled for a subscriber through exchange
administration.

Appendix - A
TONES AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

1.0 TONES
The following tones are provided in C-DOT 256 RAX:
Sl Name of Tone Freq (Hz) Cadence

1 Dial Tone 400+/- 25 Continuous
2 Busy Tone 400 0.75 s ON/ 0.75 s OFF
3 NU Tone 400 2.8 s ON/ 0.2 s OFF
0.4S ON/ 0.2S OFF/
4 Ring Back Tone 400+/- 25
0.4S ON/ 2.0S OFF
5 Congestion Tone 400 0.25S ON/ 0.25S OFF
6 Answering Circuit Tone 800 Continuous
Call Routing Tone (Pip-
7 Pip Tone) (Indication 400 01.S ON/ 0.9S OFF
Tone)
2.0 ANNOUNCEMENTS
Either English only or English and Regional announcement are
possible in RAX which can be selected through MMI.
The English announcements available are given below along with

mapped tones for each, (in case announcements are not enabled or
one announcement card is absent/faulty the corresponding tones will
get extended.
Mapped
Sl Context Announcement
Tone
The lines to the route dialled by you
Route Out of Congestion
1 are out of order. Kindly try after some
Order Tone
time.

The number you have dialled does not
Number Non
2 exist. Kindly confirm the number from NU Tone
Existent
directory or consult enquiry operator.
All lines to the route dialled by you are Congestion
3 Route Congestion
busy. Kindly try after some time. Tone
4 Call Queue Kindly wait. You are in a queue. Ring Back
Kindly check if you have paid your
5 Bill Not Paid NU Tone
telephone bill.
Facility Not This facility is not available on your
6 NU Tone
Available telephone.
The line to which you have dialled is
Number Out of
7 presently out of order. Kindly dial NU Tone
Order
after some time.
There is no route corresponding to the
digits dialled by you. Kindly confirm
8 Route Non Existent NU Tone
the number from directory or consult
Enquiry Operator.

CHAPTER 5
EXCHANGE OPERATIONS
5.1 GENERAL
The C DOT 256 RAX Operations Manual describes the man machine
commands to be used by the RAX Supervisor for Administration,
Supervision and Maintenance
The commands for performing these functions are divided into seven
categories.
• System configuration
• Subscriber administration
• Trunk administration
• Routing administration
• Billing administration
• Maintenance
• Miscellaneous
Chapter 2 describes the Maintenance Panel (MP) command keys, LCD

and LED interpretation.
Chapters 4-10 deals in detail with the commands under each of the
above seven categories. A command summary is given at the
beginning of each chapter for quick reference by the supervisor.
The commands which result in change of system status/database can

only be executed by the supervisor after entering a valid password
through MP.
This prevents change of important system parameters by unauthorized

persons. If any unauthorized person tries to execute such commands, the

system will respond with message, "Access denied; user not logged in".
However, other commands can be executed without entering any password.
5.2 MAINTENANCE PANEL
5. 2.1 GENERAL
The 256P RAX Maintenance supervisor can monitor the system status
and make changes in it using the maintenance panel. The aim of this
chapter is to familiarize the system user with the MP.
Fig 5.1 shows the view of the Maintenance Panel. It consists of

• 32 Character LCD
• LED
• Key board

5. 2.1.1 32 Character LCD
This is placed at the top of the inclined panel facing the supervisor for
easy readability. The 32 Character display provides diagnostic as well
as interactive status message to the supervisor.
5.2.1.2 LED
There are 2 rows each having 24 bi-colour LEDs
In the card status display mode, each column of LEDs corresponds to a

card. The frame (Master/ slave) for which card status is being
displayed is indicated on the LCD
The LED interpretation is as follows:
Top Row LED glowing GREEN Corresponding Card is PRESENT and ACTIVE
Bottom row LED glowing GREEN Card is PASSIVE
Bottom row LED glowing RED Card is FAULTY/ NOT PRESENT
Since PSU cards occupy 2 slots each, slot 2 and slot 26 do not have any
LED columns corresponding to them. Therefore the 1st LED column is
for slot 1 followed by slot 3 to slot 24, and the last column is for slot
25 (as indicated on the Maintenance Panel).
In case of port status display, each column of LEDs stands for one
port/termination. Thus status of 24 consecutive ports is shown at a
time.
The interpretation of LED display in this case is as follows:
Top row LED glowing green The Corresponding port is free

Bottom row LED glowing green The corresponding port is busy
Bottom row LED glowing red The port is faulty

5. 2.1.3 Key Board
It occupies the horizontal plane. This position enables convenient key
operation.
There are ten numeric keys (0-9) and eighteen command keys. Of
these eighteen keys, at present on MP only16 keys are used. COMAC
key is not represented on the keyboard and will be used in subsequent
S/W versions.
SUB For subscriber administration

TGP For trunk administration
RUT For routing administration
MET For billing administration
TGL For viewing other options in a menu (toggle)
ABT For aborting printing
CNFG For system configuration
MNT For maintenance administration
RECD For printing records
MISC For miscellaneous functions
YES For selecting option on display
NO For rejecting option on display
NXT For going to next item in a menu
PRV For going to previous item in a menu
TEST For terminal testing
For various configurations related to MF parameters,
AUX
Answering Ckt. tests, regional announcements etc.
To lock/unlock the keyboard operation in order to
enable/disable communication between COMaC and system
COMaC
through Modem. ('COMaC' stands for 'Centralized Operation and
Maintenance Centre for RAX).
NOTE: TGL, YES and NO keys are used to select/change the value for any
parameter. To initiate the change, TGL key is pressed. This causes a display
of the next option available for the parameter, along with a question mark.
If YES key is pressed in response, the option being shown is selected. If NO

key is pressed, other options ( if available) are shown. If no other options
exist, the original value or option is displayed and retained as such.
FUSE: There is a 250 mA fuse mounted on the left side of panel.
POWER INPUT: There is a two-pin shell type connector. This connector is inside
the Maintenance Panel cabinet.
D-type Connectors: Two 25-pin D-Type connectors are provided on the left side
panel of MP. One of these is used for connecting a modem while the other is
used for printer. An RS-232C link cable runs from MP to RAX and terminates
on a D-type connector inside the MP cabinet.
Reset Switch: A reset switch is provided for giving manual reset to the MP
Controller Card.
NOTE: Due to differences in programming from site to site, actual messages

shown in response to an MMI command may vary. The displays shown in this
document must therefore be treated as examples used for the sake of
illustrating MMI commands. Before defining any parameters in the system,
please refer to system Programming Guidelines.
5.3 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
No. COMMAND KEY FUNCTION

1 <CNFG> <1> Opening Directions (0-9) with one of the
following types of analysis: TAX access Y/N
2nd Digit analysis Y/N
1st Digit analysis Y/N
DE analysis
2+DE analysis
(These options are available on pressing
TGL, YES, NO and NXT keys)

2 <CNFG> <2> Exchange code
<CNFG> <2> <1> Add exchange code
<CNFG> <2> <2> Delete exchange code
3 <CNFG> <3> Allotment of routes to a direction

<CNFG> <3><x> <1> Add route number to Direction X
<CNFG> <3><x> <2> Delete route number from Direction X
4 <CNFG> <4> Card/port configuration change

<CNFG> <4> <1> Card configuration by Frame no./Slot
<CNFG> <4> No.
<2> Port configuration by giving F/S/T
5 <CNFG> <5> Restricted STD and Restricted ISD/ primary

TAX definition
<CNFG> <5> <1> Restricted STD definition
<CNFG> <5><1> <1> Add RSTD code length followed by
Route Code and route number
<CNFG> <5><1> <2> Delete RSTD route code
<CNFG> <2> Restricted ISD definition
<CNFG> <5><2> <1> Add RISD code length followed by Route
Code
<CNFG> <5><2> <2> Delete RISD route code.
<CNFG> <5><3> <1> PRIM TAX Route Addition
<CNFG> <5><3> <2> PRIM TAX Route Deletion
6 <CNFG> <6> Type of day change
7 <CNFG> <7> Time zone modifications

<CNFG> <7> <1> Normal day
<CNFG> <7> <2> Sunday
<CNFG> <7> <3> Special day
<CNFG> <7> <4> Holiday
8 <CNFG> <8> Trunk Test Port Definition

<CNFG> <8> <1> TWT Test Port
<CNFG> <8> <2> E&M 1 Test port
<CNFG> <8> <3> E&M 2 Test port
9 <CNFG> <9> Miscellaneous configurations

<CNFG> <9> <1> Announcement Enabled/Disabled
<CNFG> <9> <2> Record output on Terminal/Printer
<CNFG> <9> <3> Traffic Recording Enabled/Disabled
<CNFG> <9> <4> RMF Channel programming
10 <CNFG> <0> Self TAX Code Definition

<CNFG> <0> <1> Add self TAX code
<CNFG> <0> <2> Delete self TAX code
5.4 SUBSCRIBER ADMINISTRATION
No. Command Key Function

1 (Dirno) <1> Add Subscriber
2 (Dirno) <2> Delete Subscriber
3 (Dirno) <3> H/W Type of a subscriber
-do- <1> Ordinary Line /CCB Line
-do- <2> DTMF phone/Decadic Phone
4 (Dirno) <4> Facility Type
-do- <1> DCR (NIL/Long distance Calls/ All calls)
-do- <2> Metered/Non-metered
-do- <3> Call queuing allowed/barred
-do- <4> Malicious call trace allowed/barred
-do- <5> Hotline allowed /Barred; If allowed then
with /without time out
-do- <6> Non Home-metered/home metered
5 (Dirno) <5> SERVICE TYPE
-do- <1> Special Service Allowed/barred
-do- <2> Local call allowed barred
-do- <3> I/C call allowed/barred
-do- <4> Restricted STD allowed/barred

-do- <5> STD allowed /barred
-do- <6> R-ISD allowed /barred
-do- <7> ISD allowed/barred
-do- <8> Bill paid /unpaid
6 (Dirno) <6> Display of all above line parameters

7 (Dirno) <7> OG restriction facility
-do <1> OG restriction allowed/barred
-do- <2> TO reset Password
5.5 TRUNK ADMINISTRATION
NO. KEY OPERATION FUNCTION

1 <TGP> <XX> <1> Add a trunk
2 <TGP> <XX> <2> Delete a trunk
3. <TGP> <XX> <3> Common Parameters
<TGP> <XX> <3> <1> Line Signalling type
<TGP> <XX> <3> <2> Register signal type
<TGP> <XX> <3> <3> TGP type (I/C, O/G or Bothway)
<TGP> <XX> <3> <4> Operator facility
<TGP> <XX> <3> <5> Trunk Offer facility
<TGP> <XX> <3> <6> Manual hold facility
Display High level trunk group status
<TGP> <XX> <3> <7>
4. <TGP> <XX> <4> Incoming parameters.
<TGP> <XX> <4> <1> Dial Tone feed
<TGP> <XX> <4> <2> Prefixing digits.
<TGP> <XX> <4> <3> I/C route category
<TGP> <XX> <4> <4> I/C charging category
<TGP> <XX> <4> <5> MF 2 of 6 or 2 of 4 B/W selected.
5. <TGP> <XX> <5> Outgoing parameters.
<TGP> <XX> <5> <1> Rank of digit
<TGP> <XX> <5> <2> Minimum digit seize forward
6 <TGP> <XX> <6> Display of all TGP parameters

5.6 ROUTING ADMINISTRATION
No Command Key Function

1. <RUT> <XX> <1> Add TGP to Route (XX stands
for Route No.)
2. <RUT> <xx> <2> Delete TGP
3. <RUT> <XX> <3><1> Add route code
<RUT> <XX <3><2> Delete route code
4. <RUT> <XX> <4> Define Route Parameters.
a. <RUT> <XX> <4><1> O/G Routing Category
b. <RUT> <XX> <4><2> O/G Charging Category
c. <RUT> <XX> <4><3> Immediate release
allowed /barred
d <RUT> <XX> <4><4> Manual hold allowed /barred
e <RUT> <XX> <4><5> Answer time out YES/NO
f <RUT> <XX> <4><6> Metered or non metered
g <RUT> <XX> <4><7> CLI sending enabled/disabled
h <RUT> <XX> <4><8> Open/closed numbering
scheme
5. <RUT> <XX> <5> Route restriction/charge Rate
Index (CRI)
a. <RUT> <XX> <5><1> Route Restriction
b. <RUT> <XX> <5><2> Charge rate index (CRI)
6. <RUT> <XX> <6> Display of all Route
Parameters (By pressing NXT
Key)
7. <RUT> <XX> <7> Definition of route as
Emergency Number, if
allotted to special service
Direction.
5.7 BILLING ADMINISTRATION
No. Command KEY Function

1 <MET><1> Subscriber meter display
2 <MET><2> TGP meter display
3 <MET><3> Total system meter display
<MET><4> Charge rate index changes

<MET><4><1> Normal day time zone CRI change
4 <MET><4><2> Sunday time zone CRI change
<MET><4><3> Special day time zone CRI change
<MET><4><4> Holiday time zone CRI change
Display of currently active day and charge

5 <MET> <5>
type
5.8 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
No. COMMAND KEY FUNCTION

PBX Hunt Group Administration
<MISC> <1>
1 Add a member to hunt group

<MISC> <1><XX><1>
delete a member from hunt group
<MISC> <1><XX><2>
where XX stands for Hunt Group number.
<MISC> <2> HLG Group Administration

2
<MISC><3>
Route Restrictions and CRI Modifications
3 <MISC><3><1> For route Restriction
<MISC><3><2> For CRI
4 <MISC> <4> Password commands

Super user PASSWORD LOGIN
<MISC> <4> <1>
Super USER LOGOUT

<MISC> <4> <2>
User Log in
<MISC> <4> <3>
User Log out

<MISC> <4> <4>
Change user password

<MISC> <4> <5>
Alarm number
<MISC> <5>
Add alarm number
<MISC> <5> <1>
5
Delete alarm number
<MISC> <5> <2>
Hardware Equipage
6 <MISC> <6>
Maintenance Port Definition
<MISC> <7>
Add Maintenance Port.

7 <MISC> <7> <1>
Delete Maintenance Port.

<MISC> <7> <2>
Prom Version, Counter Display
<MISC> <8>
Prom version Display

<MISC> <8> <1>
8
Counter Display
<MISC> <8> <2>
9 <MISC> <9> Calendar Driven RTC Test Commands
Enable Line/Exch. Side Tests.

<MISC> <9> <1>
RTC Periodic Test On/Off

<MISC> <9> <2>
Data Entry for Periodic Test
<MISC> <9> <3>
Display of Data Entered
<MISC> <9> <4>
Start Hour Programming
<MISC> <9> <5>
PO of RTC Tests Results.
<MISC> <9> <6>
5.9 RECORD COMMANDS

Programming of Record
1 <RECD> <1>
Formats: Print Format Definition
2 <RECD> <2> Traffic Printout
Printout of Subscriber traffic for
<RECD> <2> <1>
a specified duration
Printout of trunk traffic for a
<RECD> <2> <2> given HLG and a specified
duration
Printout of Traffic dispersion for
<RECD> <2> <3>
Printout of exchange traffic for
<RECD> <2> <4>
Malicious call record/DCR
3 <RECD> <3>
printout
<RECD> <3> <1> MCR printout
Malicious call record printout for
<RECD> <XXX> <3> <1> <1>
a given subscriber dir no. XXX
MCR printout for a given month
<RECD> <XXX> <3> <1> <2> <YY>
and date
<3><<1><3> MCR printout of some specified
<RECD> <XXX>
<YYY> records
<RECD> <3> <2> Detailed call record printout
<RECD> <XXX> <3><2><1> DCR printout for given sub. Dir.
No. XXX
DCR Printout for specified
<RECD> <XXX> <3><2><2><YY>
month and date
<RECD> <XXX> <3><2><3><YYY> DCR Print out of some specified
4 <RECD> <4> Meter Po-Sub/TGP/Exchange
<RECD> <4> <1> Printout of sub meter
<RECD> <4> <2> Printout of TGP meter
<RECD> <4> <3> Printout of Exchange meter
Printout of Dir to Port /TGP to
5 <RECD> <5>
Port
Directory to port mapping
<RECD> <5> <1>
printout
Printout of TGP No. to port No.
<RECD> <5> <2>
Mapping
Printout of TGP to route No/
6 <RECD> <6>
HLG to TGP
Printout of TGP to route
<RECD> <6> <1>
mapping selected
Printout of HLG to TGP mapping
<RECD> <6> <2>
selected
Printout of RTC test result
7 <RECD> <7>
Exchange/Line/CLT
Print outs of exchange side test
<RECD> <7> <1>
results
Printouts of Line side results
<RECD> <7> <2>
selected
<RECD> <7> <3> Printout of CLT results selected
8 <RECD> <8> H/W Equipage Printout (Y/N)
9 <RECD> <9> Periodic Print-out - DCR /Traffic
<RECD> <9> <1> Periodic DCR Printout
<RECD> <9> <1> <1> DCR Periodic Printout On/OFF
Periodicity in Hours for DCR
<RECD> <9> <1> <2>
periodic printout
Start time for DCR periodic
<RECD> <9> <1> <3>
printout
<RECD> <9> <2> Periodic printout Traffic
<RECD> <9> <2> <1> Traffic Periods Printout Off/On

Periodicity in Hours for Traffic
<RECD> <9> <2> <2>
Periodic Printout
Start time for Traffic Periodic
<RECD> <9> <2> <3>
printout
5.10 AUXILIARY COMMANDS

1 <AUX><1> Country adaptation parameters
2 <AUX><2> Miscellaneous Parameters

<AUX><2><1> English and regional announcement
<AUX><2><2> PC/on line monitor mode
<AUX><2><3> Intra RAX call meter rate
<AUX><2><4> Subscriber block configuration
<AUX><2><5> CCB Subscriber options
3 <AUX><3> Answering circuit

<AUX><3><1> Two wire ans. ckt. no.
<AUX><3><2> Four wire ans ckt no.
<AUX><3><3> Ans ckt for TGP’s
<AUX><3><4> TGP Nos.
<AUX><3><5> Ans. ckt. periodic test
<AUX><3><6> Ans. ckt test results
<AUX><3><7> Ans ckt test on command
<AUX><3><8> Ans.ckt start time programming
4 <AUX><4> RMF tests

<AUX><4><1> RMF periodic tests
<AUX><4><2> Printout of RMF periodic tests
<AUX><4><3> Periodic RMF tests start time

CHAPTER 6
START UP PROCEDURE
6.1 START UP PROCEDURE

Following steps should be observed while switching on the RAX:
• Before switching the system ON check that the battery sets

are fully charged.
• Check that Green LEDs on both the PSU cards of two frames
light up.
• Put all the four PSUs ON.
• The display on the maintenance panel should be ‘Duplex Copy

0 Active’ after some initial message “RAP X Link Failure”.
• Press the ‘reset’ button on the RAP card in the card slot 14 of master
frame. (This would reset the card and update the information with the
one stored in copy 0 of RAP so that both the cards will have the same
information).
6.2 EXCHANGE DATA PREPARATION

Before the site specific installation can be started, the following
details are to be furnished by the planning wing of respective circle or
district of BSNL as the case may be.
i) Trunking requirement for networking with existing exchanges.

ii) Numbering plan for the proposed exchange along with
capacity requirements at the time of cutover, proposed
expansion and the ultimate capacity expected.
iii) List of exchanges presently working in the network, their

type and make, list of exchanges in network expected to be
closed down within next three years.
iv) List of exchanges expected to be installed in the network in

next three years.
v) Routing details for various directions along with trunk grouping.
vi) Following details are available for outgoing, incoming and

transit routes.
* Direction codes
* Trunk groups with constituent directions (routes)
* Line signalling
* Register signalling
* Number of trunks in each trunk group
* Rank of digit
* Number of digits expected from I/C routes
* Alternate routes
vii) Number of subscribers and hardware facilities and service

type to be provided to each subscriber.
6.3 PROGRAMMING
Once all the cards are jacked in and system is powered on then,
one should do the programming as follows:
i) Login as user & define unique Super user password for the
system.

ii) First of all each card slot is to be configured according to
cards placed in the slots. Type and number of cards to be
used of each type depends upon the data collected in previous
section.
iii) Add exchange code.
iv) Open the level/directions required for networking that

particular exchange and program the digit analysis for each
opened directions/level.
v) Set the date, day and time of the exchange.
vi) Add the subscribers according to the plan already made (i.e.
which subscriber is to be added to which frame/slot/circuit).
Give the required facilities and services to each subscriber.
vi) Make trunk groups according to requirement and add the

circuits to the trunk groups. Set the parameters of the trunk
group according to the type of the trunk group (i.e. incoming,
outgoing and bothway) and program the rank of digits,
signalling type, etc.
vii) Create a route, add it to required level and add the relevant
trunk groups to the route. Program the charge categories and
route categories and other parameters.
ix) Program the route restriction (i.e. can a call coming from one
route category go to other route category).
x) Program the charge rate index according to the metering

required. Program the charge rate matrix/table for each type

of day (i.e. normal, Sunday, special and holiday).
xi) Test line to line call and call to each direction incoming as
well as outgoing.
xii) RAX is installed & ready for use.

CHAPTER 7
FAULT HANDLING
7.1 GENERAL
The C-DOT 256 RAX provides several maintenance features for
fault maintenance in the system. Though the duplication of
critical control circuitry makes the system highly reliable, in
case of failure of any system element, the maintenance
personnel can isolate the faulty module and take the
appropriate corrective action with the help of these features.
The various maintenance features are listed below:
• Remote monitoring with tones
• Alarm reporting on alarm number
• Automatic diagnostics
* Online self diagnostics to run on all controller cards
* Bootup diagnostics for controller cards
* On-line routine local diagnostic tests
• On command diagnostics
• Automatic system recovery
• Status Fault reporting
* System active, passive, faulty indications
* Terminations free, busy, faulty/blocked
• Established calls retained on plane switch over
• Control sanity check
* Watch dog cross connections
* Sanity punch messages
* Communication link checking
• Fault recording for controller faults
• System Switchover in case of fault
• Forced copy changeover
• Line and trunk tests

* Line and trunk testing on demand
* Calendar driven line/trunk testing
* Answering circuit tests (demand/period)
* Flashback test
7.2 REMOTE MONITORING WITH TONES

It is possible to monitor the system from a remote place by dialling
Remote Monitoring Number - a predefined directory number which can be
dialled to know the status of the system. This number is represented by
‘EXC00’ where EXC is the exchange code ranging from 1 to 5 digits.
The system has provision to feed a series of different tones
corresponding to the existing faults to the caller when this
monitoring number is dialled from a remote exchange.
For example: If the system is in ‘Battery Low Condition’, then

the sequence of tones fed would be Silence Tone 3 sec. NU Tone
6 sec. (indicating Battery Low Condition) Ring Back Tone 30 sec.
In case there is no fault in the system the caller would be fed

with ring back tone after the initial silence of 3 sec. Ring back
tone marks the end of tone-feeding sequence.
7.3 ALARM REPORTING ON ALARM NUMBER

Alarm reporting number is defined through man-machine
commands to any of the subscriber’s port.
In case of any system fault, system extends alarm in the form of

ring to this predefined number and feeds suitable tone/
announcement on answer. The tones are same as those heard on
dialing remote monitoring number.

7.4 ON COMMAND DIAGNOSTICS
On command diagnostics can be performed on the following
cards to verify proper functioning of these cards:
a) RMF card
Each block of four channel can be tested by running
diagnostics on channel of that block.
b) DT30
Both the units (30 channel) can be tested by running
diagnostics on Master frame DT30 & slave frame DT30
individually.
c) RWC Diagnostics on DTs equipped in RWC card can be run
individually through command.
d) RAT Card
The functioning of RAT card can be test by running
diagnostics on RAT0 and RAT1.
e) RTC Card
Idle time diagnostics can be initiated on RTC card to check
its working.
f) CNF Card
Voice path test is conducted on CNF card during
diagnostics.
7.5 AUTOMATIC SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS

The system conducts automatic diagnostic tests during:
• Bootup (for Controller cards)
• On-line (for Controller cards, MP, RAT, RMF and PSU)
7.5.1 Bootup Diagnostics for Controller Cards
On system initialisation RSC (Master) performs checks on
its links with other controller cards and gets details of
duplicate copy controller card from duplicate RSC
(Master).
7.5.2 On Line Local Diagnostics for all Controller Cards, MP,

RAT, RMF and PSU
The controllers continuously runs the required self
diagnostics program to monitor the health and keep the
next higher controllers informed about their healthy
status.
7.6 SYSTEM RECOVERY

During duplex working, whenever the system encounters any failure in
one of the copies at any stage, it will go to simplex state. Duplicate copy will
run the diagnostic program if required to identify the faulty unit and cause
suitable audio-visual alarm and printouts. The system will continue to run
diagnostic tests on the faulty unit and if it is discovered that the unit has
returned to its normal healthy state, the system will then automatically
bring back the unit into service and remove the alarm conditions. However,
recovery sequence for dumping all the data in active copy to passive copy for
making the system duplex active will start only if super user has logged in
already and resets the passive copy controller.
7.7 STATUS DISPLAY/FAULT REPORTING

All the control cards, tone generation circuits and power supply units
are duplicated in the system. One copy of the cards is active at a time while
the other is passive. Both the PSUs are active unless there is a problem with
the PSUs, and share the load of the system. On the maintenance panel, the
24 LEDs display the Active, Passive and Faulty status of the cards. In case of
active cards, status is shown by top row LED glowing green. Similarly, for
passive, it is shown by bottom row LED glowing green and for faulty cards,
bottom row LED glows red. Similarly, the presence or absence of cards are
also shown by green and red glow of LEDs correspondingly.
7.8 STABLISHED CALLS RETAINED ON PLANE SWITCHOVER

As mentioned earlier, all the control cards viz. RSC, RAP, SP and PSU
cards are duplicated. The two copies of each card in either frame (master
and slave) are designated as plane 0 and plane 1. For eg. Plane 0 includes
RAP0 (Master), RSC0 (Master), SP0 (Master), RSC0 (Slave), SP0 (Slave)
and Plane 1 includes RAP1 (Master), RSC1 (Master) SP1 (Master), RSC1
(Slave) SP1 (Slave).
Now, whenever there is any fault in any copy of any card, then
system switches over from one plane to other. While switching
over, the calls that have already been established are not lost in
the transition.
7.9 CONTROL SANITY CHECK

Certain faults like software error resulting in the program entering an
endless loop, processor clock failure etc. are very dangerous for the overall
operation of the system. It is very important to detect such faults. It is for
this reason the system performs certain checks on its own to ensure proper
functioning of the system.
7.9.1 Sanity Punch Messages
Sanity messages are sent and received between all the
processors at regular
intervals. If sanity message is missed from a processor,
then its sanity is
doubted by the other processor and this will lead to
system switch over.
7.9.2 Watchdog Signals Check
The watchdog signals between RSCs and between RSC and
RAP are checked by both RSCs. Any fault in watchdog
signals will result in system switch-over to SIMPLEX state.
7.9.3 Communication Link Check
When the message rate between processors is low, the
communication links are checked by sending link check
message and receiving acknowledgment. Communication
link fault can lead to system switchover. When system is in
DUPLEX, both RSCs will be checking RSC-RAP link and the
RSC-RSC link. When the system is in SIMPLEX, the active
RSC will check RSC-RAP link
only.

7.10 FAULT RECORDING FOR CONTROLLER FAULTS
A fault directory is maintained for the most recent 32 controller
faults with date & time of occurrence and fault details. Details
can be seen for most recent fault or by entry number.
7.11 SYSTEM SWITCH OVER IN CASE OF FAULT

Duplication of control cards ensures detection and isolation of faults
without allowing them to propagate. Occurrence of faults in control cards
(RAP, RSC, SP) will result in system switchover from DUPLEX to SIMPLEX.
Fault in RAT will result in a changeover from faulty card to duplicate card
which will act in tone mode only.
7.12 FORCED COPY CHANGEOVER
Forced changeover occurs after every 24 hours or on giving MMI
command. The duplex active copy becomes duplex passive and vice versa
and the system recovers in duplex mode.
7.13 LINE AND TRUNK TESTS

Two types of tests are done by the RAX Tester Card (RTC) i.e.
line side tests and exchange side tests.
7.13.1 Line Side Tests

The following tests are performed on the subscriber lines by the
system with the help of RTC card. The testing can be done
either on demand or can be calendar based from subscriber
premises with or without operator’s assistance. A subscriber line
can be tested when the subscriber is on-hook or when the
subscriber in conversation mode with a maintenance number.
The above two modes of testing a subscriber line are discussed
below:
7.13.1.1. Terminal Open Loop Tests

The following test details are available for a
subscriber line when tested with a subscriber on-
hook:
* AC/DC Voltage tip to ground
* AC/DC Voltage ring to ground
* Insulation between tip ‘a’ and ground
* Insulation between ring ‘b’ and ground
* Insulation between tip and ring
* Capacitance between tip and ring
7.13.1.2. Terminal Closed Loop Tests
The following tests are available for a subscriber
with decadic or DTMF dialling facility and in
conversation with the maintenance number:
i) Subscriber with Decadic Dialling Facility
* Loop current measurement
* Loop resistance measurement
* Break duration
* Make duration
* Break/make ratio
* IPS (Impulses Per Second) measurement
* No. of pulses received
ii) Subscriber with DTMF Dialling Facility
* Loop current measurement
* Loop resistance measurement
* DTMF keypad test
While carrying out the line side tests, it is possible to extend speech path
to the designated maintenance telephones so that if testing is being done
on demand then the maintenance supervisor can also talk to the
subscriber and ask him to dial a particular digit to perform dial testing
etc. Suitable command (test command) sequence are there to conduct
the above test.
7.13.2 Exchange Side Tests

Exchange side tests can be performed on subscriber lines
and analog trunks only. These can be done on demand, or
on a calendar driven basis. The following exchange side
tests can be made and the details are available for
subscriber lines and analog trunks by the system:
i) For Subscriber Lines/Coin Collection Box Lines

* Origination
* Digit reception (also available for TWT/E&M
trunks)
* Flash reception
* Disconnection
* Answer (also available for TWT/E&M trunks)
* Ring trip
* Codec A to D (also available for TWT/EMF trunks)
* Codec D to A (also available for TWT/EMF trunks)
* Earth fault (also available for TWT/EMF trunks)
* Meter pulse (also available for TWT/EMF trunks)
* Battery reversal
ii) For TWT/E&M Trunks

* Seizure
* Outpulsing
* Trunk offer
* Clear forward
* Clear backward
7.13.3 Answering Circuit Tests

Answering circuit tests for two wire and 4 wire trunks are
supported. Automatic tests can be performed by the
systems at a pre-programmed time each day. On-command
initiation of tests is also possible. Required number of RMF
channels can be equipped as Answering ckt. channels
through MMI commands.
7.13.4 Flashback Tests

System responds to Flashback tests initiated by remote exchange. (For
TWT,E&M and ring down trunks).
7.14 CALENDAR DRIVEN TESTS

7.14.1. Calendar Driven Line/Exchange side Tests
Range of ports to be tested and the time of starting the test can
be programmed through MMI. At the specified time each day,
these ports will be tested one by one. Any errors reported will
be printed spontaneously. Default time for cal. driven RTC is 01
hours.
7.14.2. RMF Periodic Tests

This test is at 02:00 hours by default. All RMF channels are
tested and results printed. The test time can be programmed as
desired.
7.14.3. Answering Circuit Tests

Start hour can be defined for these tests. The system will carry
out the tests and print the results each day.

CHAPTER 8
256P RAX INSTALLATION
8.1 SITE PLAN

This chapter provides general information about site planning before
the installation of C-DOT 256 Port RAX system. The main requirements
are:
• Floor space
• Environmental conditions
• Power supply
A typical layout is shown in Fig. 8.1. Before the installation of C-DOT

256 Port RAX system, the site should be made ready with the
following:
2.5 3.5
M M
MDF
TE
BATTERY.1
RAX
CABINE 3.5
F T M
BATTERY. 2 C
TE: TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT

FIG 8.1/ A TYPICAL 256P RAX LAYOUT FC: FLOAT CHARGER

8.1.1. Floor Space
The system needs an enclosure of 3.5m x 3.5m with a ceiling
height of 2.9m to accommodate the system cabinet, a table on
which MP and printer are placed, the power supply source or the
Float charger, the Main Distribution Frame and the Transmission
Equipment (if necessary).
For the battery sets, a separate room of 2.5m x 2.5m is required

as it releases the acid fumes which would corrode the other
equipments if placed in the switch room.
8.1.2. Environmental Conditions

The switch room, where the system and other equipment are
installed should be cool and dust free. The illumination should
be 300 lux or 2 numbers of paired fluorescent tubes should be
made available, placed with a gap of 1.5m between them. The
battery room should be well ventilated to clear the acid fumes
released by battery sets. The walls and the woodwork should be
given acid resistant coating. The floor of the battery room
should have a drain to clear the acid spills. The battery sets
should be placed in such a way that no direct sunlight falls on
any of the battery sets.
8.2 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The C-DOT 256 RAX system requires uninterrupted -48V DC supply

derived from single-phase 50Hz 230V ± 10% commercial AC supply. The
power plant is of float type with float rectifier-cum-charger which
floats two sets of 24 cell and 120 AH each, lead acid batteries across
its output.

The output of the battery should be able to supply power to the
system and to the transmission equipment if required. The float charger
should accept 230V ± 10%, single phase, 50Hz AC supply as input and provide
48V DC at the output. On failure of the mains supply the battery sets deliver
the power. On restoration of mains, the float charger would not only supply
power to the system (s) but also charge the battery.
8.3 EARTHING SYSTEM

A perfect earthing should be provided mainly to ensure:
• Reduction in cross talk and noise in the telecommunication
circuits;
• Protection of the system against dangerous foreign voltages;
• Protection of person and plants against leakage from station
power wiring to metallic apparatus, frames etc.
There are many earthing systems adopted by the telecommunication

department. One of the earthing systems is adopted depending upon
the type of soil resistance. The prime requirement is the earth
resistance and it should not exceed 2 ohm even at extreme conditions.
Some of the Earthing Systems which are commonly employed are:
i) Spike Earth Electrode System:

This is generally provided at all new automatic exchanges where
adequate space is available around the exchange and where sub soil is
suitable for driving in the pipes to a depth of 375 cms.
ii) Lead Strip Electrode System:

This type of earthing system is employed where adequate space is
available but rock is encountered in less than 375 cms from ground
level.

iii) Earth Plate Electrode System:
This type of earthing system is employed when the layout of the
exchange site is such that adequate space is not available to install.
The earthing cable, a Bare Tinned Copper (BTC) wire of 19/1.6mm or

100/300 lb copper wire or 7/16 cable with red insulation should be
terminated on a copper bar of 25mm x 6mm x 200mm (typical). The
copper bar also called Earth Bus Bar should be placed close to earth
pit. The Earth Bus Bar is fixed to the wall at a convenient height by
means of screws but insulated from the wall. This bus bar would be
the reference for all the grounds provided in the system. See Fig. 3.2
for the various terminations on earth bus bar.
FROM POWER
RAX PLANT MDF EARTH TRANS EQPT
EARTH COMMON
BUS (DC
BAR EARTH)
FIG 8.2 EARTH BUS BAR
8.4 LOCAL PURCHASE ITEMS AND TOOLS

The items to be procured locally at site by the local authorities are
listed in Table 3.1.
Make sure that these locally procured items are made available before the
starting of Installation.

8.5 EQUIPMENT PLACEMENT
The RAX cabinet, the float charger and the transmission equipment
should be placed at least 1m away from the wall to ensure
comfortable system installation and maintenance. Fix the locations for
the various units in the switch room and if necessary, mark the
location using the following guidelines:
• Fix the location of the MDF. It has to be fixed onto the wall. It is
preferable to have the MDF close to the earth bus bar and external
cable inlet. The distance between the system and the MDF should not
exceed 5m.
• A Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) for a single-phase 230V ±
10% AC should be provided near the location of the float
charger.
• Run the PVC conduit (square or circular cross section) of 60mm
side or dia from the location of RAX cabinet to the power plant,
MDF, earth bus bar and the battery.
• Run PVC conduits from transmission equipment to the MDF.
• Similarly, run another cable (7/16 cable with red colour
insulation) with one end terminated on the Earth Bus Bar and
the other end left free near the location of float charger.
• Run a cable (7/16 cable with red colour insulation) terminating one
end on Earth Bus Bar and leaving the other end free near the location
of MDF.
• Bring the external cables through the PVC conduits and leave
them free near the location of MDF.
• Run the cable from the transmission equipment to the MDF through
the PVC conduits.

TABLE: 3.1
LIST OF LOCALLY PROCURED ITEMS
Sl. Material Description Quantity

1 PVC pipes – 63 mm Dia. 6 to 7 metres
2 PVC Elbow Bends – 63 mm 4 Nos.
3 PVC Tees – 63 mm 2 Nos.
3 to 4 metres, 2 or 3
4 PVC pipes 2 or 3 bends
Tees & Fixing Clamps
PVC pipes and bends 40 mm for Site-dependent the
5
extending battery cables
6 MCB 15A 2-Pole (Phase & Neutral) 1 No.
3-Core 15A flexible copper cable for
7 extending the AC Mains to the Power 3 to 5 metres
Plant
Cable – 7/16 copper wire with (i) red
8 10 m each
insulation and (ii) blue insulation
9 HRC Fuses 25A for battery output 2 Nos.
Earth Bus Bar (tin-coated copper) of
10 dimension 25 x 6 x 200 mm. with fixing 1 No.
bolts and supports drilled with 7 holes
11 Metallic Plinth/ Cement Plinth
12 Crimping Lugs – 16 Sq. mm. 22 Nos.
13 Hand Crimp Tool 2.5 to 16 Sq. mm.
14 Cutter & Wire Stripper and Knife One each
15 Cable tie 150 mm 1 Pkt (100 Nos.)
16 Screw Driver small 1 No.
17 Spanner Set Small 1 Set

8.6 SYSTEM INSTALLATION
8.6.1 GENERAL
The second consignment at the site comprises the following
items packed in wooden cartons and CFB boxes.
• Cabinet (Card cage, PDP etc. fitted)
• Cards (in more than one box)
• Maintenance Panel & Printer
• Cables
These items must be available at the site before starting
installation of the system. The tools that are required at the site
are quite minimal but are essential. These include:
• Spanner set
• Hammer (5 kg.)
• Rawl jumper with bits M5, M10
• Wire wrapping tool
• Crimping tool
• Lugs with 5mm dia holes etc.
8.6.2 UNPACKING THE CABINET

To unpack the wooden carton containing the cabinet, follow the
steps given below:
• Keep the wooden carton containing the RAX cabinet in
upright position and remove the front cover by removing
bolts (or nails if it is nailed).
• Remove the packing material from all sides and slowly
pull the unit out.
• Remove the polythene cover over the cabinet.
8.6.3 VISUAL INSPECTION

• Check the cabinet from all sides for dents, damages etc.
• Open front and the back doors and check that there are no
loose components or damages.
• Check that cables are intact and the cable layout is
undisturbed.
• If there is any inconsistency found during visual inspection,
inform the manufacturer for proper placement or replacement.
• Check the card cage frames for their rigidity and alignment with respect
to the cabinet frame.
• Check that the motherboards are rigidly fixed to the card cage
frame.
• Check that all the connectors are available corresponding to
all the slots. (on slot position 26A and 26B the connectors are
not provided)
• Check that no bare or open-ended wire is hanging on the
motherboard.
• Check that PDP is fixed firmly at its place.
• Check that the Fast-on connectors are fully inserted into the tabs on
the mother board (This ensures 48V on the mother board.)
• Check that all the inter-frame cable connectors are firmly fixed to
the male connectors on the backplane. The cable markers are given
above every connector of these cables. Ensure that cables are placed
at their proper places. In case these are supplied separately, place
these on the proper positions at backplane.
• Check the connectors for any damage on the back plane.
8.6.4 ASSEMBLING THE CABINET

After unpacking and visual inspection of the cabinet following
steps are to be followed for assembling:
• Installant has an option of putting the plinth below the RAX.
Four holes are to be drilled on the floor, according to the
plinth (if plinth is to be used) or else according to the RAX
cabinet.
• Place the screws (if plinth is used then use screws defined for
plinth, if not, use screws which are to be used for RAX) in the
holes, fix them with plugging compound and let it dry for
some time.
• Place the plinth/RAX over the screws and use nuts to tighten
the plinth/RAX.
• If using plinth then put the RAX on the plinth (after fixing
plinth as in above step) and use nuts and bolts to tighten the
RAX.
• After fixing RAX, place the false panels and fix them.
8.6.5 UNPACKING THE MAINTENANCE PANEL/PRINTER

• Cut the straps of the CFB box and open the box.
• Take out the Maintenance Panel/Printer unit from the box and
remove the polythene cover over it. Place the unit on the
table near the cabinet.
• Preserve the box, as this is reusable for transportation during
maintenance or obtaining spares.
8.6.6 SYSTEM INTERCONNECTIONS

Get the subscriber/trunk cables, prepared according to the
configuration and route them through left and right side trays
(refer section 6.3). One end of each cable is to be connected to
the respective mating sockets on the back plane. Other ends of
the cables are to be properly routed to MDF
8.6.6.1 System Earthing

* Connect GGR4 cable on RAX master bus bar fitted on bottom
panel at rear side of RAX cabinet.
* Run the wire through the cable entry and cable clamps.
* Run the wire through the PVC conduit upto the earth bus bar.
* Terminate the wire on the earth bus bar.
8.6.6.2 Power Supply Connection

Terminate the wires which are extended from the power plant
as follows:
* The Black wire should be terminated on -48V point on PDP.
* The Red wire should be terminated on GND point on PDP.
* Check that power supply connections and groundings are
proper.
8.6.6.3 Peripheral Unit Interconnections
MP is to be placed on table and two cables - MP power cable and
MP interface cable, coming out of RAX will be terminated on MP.
Connect a suitable 80/132 column Industry Standard Printer.
8.6.6.4 Exchange Side Terminations on MDF

* Insert the MDF cables into the cable entries (left hand side
cables on LHS cable entry and right hand side cables in RHS
cable entry) and pull them out through cable clamps.
* Run the cables through PVC conduits upto the MDF.
* Cut the cables of required length with margin.
* Lace the cables properly onto the MDF structure.
The a- and b- wires from the subscriber’s side are terminated on
the adjacent columns of this connector block and the
corresponding terminals in that column are left free in order to
accommodate the jumper wire coming from the other connector
block. The subscriber lines are connected to the RAX by
providing this jumper. Single strand, multi pair cables should be
used for making the connections on these connector blocks. The
tags on these connector blocks automatically strip the insulation
from a wire and make contact with it when a wire is inserted
into it. In order to terminate the wires on these connector
blocks, use the insertion tool provided with the installation tool
kit and proceed as follows:
* Take the first 32 pair cable.
* Remove the PVC insulation and terminate the 8 pairs
which have white transparent polythene wrapper on the
connector module pertaining to the subscriber/trunk
lines.
• The next three units with polythene wrapper yellow,
brown and blue should be terminated on their
respective connector blocks.

8.6.6.4.1. Termination of 8 Pairs Unit
Termination of 8 pairs unit on the MDF should be done as
follows:
* Route the cable such that the cable enters through one of the cable
inlets on the back mount plane frame.
* Remove the insulation, fan out the other units (A unit consists
of 8 pairs of wires and wrapped with a coloured transparent
polythene).
* Take the first unit, unwrap the wrapper.
* Place the connector module in its location. Place the wires in
the same order as designated.
* Using the insertion tool insert the conductor into the slots of
connector module.
* After completing the terminations on one connector module
place the next connector module, insert the conductors into
the slots using the same tool.
8.6.7 MDF Terminations for Different Configuration

The RAX can be configured in three different configurations. The
configurations are as follows:
C-DOT 256P RAX

Configuration Details
Line CCM TWT EMF Digital
Sl. Configuration Type
Cards Cards Cards Cards Trunk
181 Lines
1 A 19 4 - - 1
1 Digital Trk (30-channel each)
120 lines
2 B 12 3 - - 3
56 Lines
3 C 5 2 - - 5
8.6.8 Connections for RNS Card

RNS card can be put in any free termination slot, preferably next
to the digital trunk card (RWC or RDS) on which the reference PCM link

for synchronization in terminated. The reference PCM link is to be
terminated on the DT card & RNS in parallel. Using cable ACB-
RNSXDTRX-000 cable. Also synchronized o/p from RNS is to be fed to
both copies of RAP through another cables ACB-RNSCKSCX-000
8.7 RAX SETUP

• Open the box consisting of all the cards. Pull out the card from
the individual box and insert into the card cage frame with
connectors facing card frame and components facing your
right hand side.
• A typical configuration of RAX is shown in Fig. 5.5, after
inserting all the cards (Printed Circuit Boards).
• If CCB subscribers are existing, one of the line cards can be
replaced by a CCM line card. (The CCM equipped in any trunk
card slot, used as ring down trunks, cannot be used for CCB
subscribers).
• If STD-PCO subscribers are existing, then one of the line cards
can be replaced with CCM card. Only last 2 ports of CCM card
i.e. 7th and 8th port have provision to extend the 16 KHz
pulses. Rest of the ports can be used for CCB subscribers.

S
P S R R S P L
S T T T T T T T T P S S P T T T T T T T T S A
U C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C U V
0 0 0 1 1 1 E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
T T
T R R M
C C
P C R S R R R R S R D D P A
R / /
S T T T T / A P S A A S P A T T S T T C S S
T R R
U C C C C C T C C P P C C T C C / C C / U T
C M M
0 N 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 T T 1 E
F F
F C C R
0 1
FIG: 2.3 256P RAX CARD FRAME
IMP. NOTE:
• By just placing CCM card in a slot does not mean that those services will be
provided unless that particular slot is programmed CCB line with home
metering facility.
• For ring down facility use TWT/CCM card - the slot for which can be
programmed for ring down.
• Open the other box which consists of PSU cards. Pull out the cards and
insert into slot 1 and 25 of master and slave frame. Before inserting check
that the switches are ‘OFF’.
• If ‘trunk offer’ is required at a particular site then Conference Card (CNF)
is must. CNF card can be placed in 7th slot of Master Frame. However, if
‘trunk offer’ facility is not required then this slot can be used for placing any
Line/Trunk Card. Conference Card provides facility for 3 party conference
i.e. simultaneous conversation between two subscribers and an operator.

C-DOT 256P RAX
APPENDIX - A
SPECIFICATION SUMMARY
Control 65C02 Microprocessor-based SPC

Network 4-wire Non-blocking PCM
Maximum 256 terminations including subs, trunk
Capacity
and service circuits
Traffic 4000 BHCA
0.2 Erlangs for line
0.6 Erlangs for trunks
Transmission CCITT Standard
Dial, Ring Back, Busy, NU, Congestion, Routing,
Tones
Idle and Answering Circuit Tones
Route out-of-order, Route or number non-existent,
Announcements Route congestion, Queue, Bill Not Paid, Number
out-of-order, Facility Not Available
Signalling Decadic/ DTMF Subscriber signalling
Decadic/ MF Digital trunk signalling
Termination Normal subscriber lines
Coin Collection Box lines/ STD CCB lines
2-wire physical loop circuits
4-wire E&M circuits
30-channel digital trunks
10-chanel digital trunks
Loop Resistance Subscriber Lines – 1200 Ohms
Trunk – 1500 Ohms
75V, 25Hz with an interruption rate of 0.4 sec ON/
Ringing
0.2 sec OFF/ 0.4 sec ON/ 2 sec OFF
Termination impedance 600 Ohm complex
Insulation Resistance 20 K Ohm maximum
Numbering Scheme Flexible 4 to 7 digits, block numbering
Charging Scheme 4 modes of charging each divided into 9 time
zones. 8 different charging rates in each time

zone. Intra-RAX call charging
Individual software meters for all subscribers,
giving itemized and total bill. Separate Revenue
Metering Scheme
Meters for Trunk Groups and for aggregate
charging done in the system.
Detailed traffic measurements related to
Traffic Analysis subscribers, trunks, service circuits and the
aggregate.
Reports on lines, trunks and MF Senders/
Test Reports
Receivers.
Spontaneous, on command and periodic printouts
Printouts
on system status and records.
Subscriber Features Normal/ Subscriber/ CCM Subscriber

16-KHz Home-meter at subscriber premises
Decadic/ DTMF Telephones
PBX Lines (Fixed Head Hunt/ Progressive Head
hunt)
Call Queuing Facility for subscribers
Malicious call tracing with printout of calling line
ID.
Non-metered subscriber lines
Detailed Call Records printout for all calls or long
distance calls
Service restrictions: All O/G calls barred/ All O/G
except level ‘1’ calls barred/ STD calls barred/
Restricted STD calls barred/ ISD calls barred/
Restricted ISD calls barred/ All I/C calls barred/ All
calls except Emergency calls barred
Trunk & Routing
Decadic dial pulses/ MF digit recognition/ digital
Features
Routes up to 64: Each route to have 04 trunk
groups/ Each trunk group to have 08 circuits
Prefixing/ deleting – 0 to 5 digits
Routing and charging decisions based on the
category of I/C trunk groups and the outgoing

route.
Trunk Offer facility for Operator calls
Flexible trunk protocol to take care of “immediate
release”, “CSH time-out”, “Release Guard” etc.
All parameters for trunk groups and routes are
field programmable.
Administration feature Two levels of password protection for all data
User-friendly MMC for: Subscriber data
administration/ Trunk and routing administration/
Charging & billing administration/ Traffic
administration/ Line, trunk, service circuit testing/
Exchange installation commands
Alarm reporting: Fixed alarm number with error
Maintenance feature
prioritization
Remote monitoring with tones
Status display: Card active, passive, faulty
indications/ Terminations free, busy,
faulty/blocked
Established calls retained on plane switch-over
Forced copy change over every 24 hours and on
command
Automatic System Recovery (ASR)
Line and trunk testing on command
Trunk testing on command/ periodic thro’
Answering Circuit
On-line self diagnostics to run on all controller
cards
Test reports generation for lines, trunks and
service circuits
Control sanity checked by the usage of: Watch dog
cross connections/ Sanity punch messages/
Communication link checking/ System audits and
refresh programs
Equipment Practice Cabinet Width: 1045 mm
Cabinet Depth: 580 mm
Cabinet Height: 1080 mm

Environmental
Temperature: As per QM 333 Category B2
Requirement
Relative Humidity: Up to 95%
Grounding Less than 2 Ohms
Power Supply -48V +/- 4V Power Plant with battery backup
230V +/- 10%, 50+/- 2 Hz primary source

C-DOT 256P RAX
APPENDIX - B
EQUIPMENT SUMMARY
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
Sl Card Name Code Part Number Qty
1 RAX ADMINISTRATION PROCESSOR RAP APC-RAP 300/T-S03 2
2 RAX SWITCH CONTROLLER RSC APC-RSC 314/T-S01 4
3 RAX ANNOUNCEMENT & TONES RAT APC-RAT 316/T-S02 2
4 MF SENDER/RECEIVER, DTMF RECEIVER RMF APC-RMF 325/T-S01 2
5 SIGNALLING PROCESSOR CARD SPC APC-SPC 001/F-S06 4
6 LINE CIRCUIT CARD LCC APC-LCC 037/T-S08
COIN COLLECTION BOX WITH 16KHz APC-CCM 241/T-
7 CCM
METERING A00
APC-TWT 065/T-
8 TWO WAY TRUNK CARD TWT
S03
9 4-WIRE E&M CARD EMF APC-EMF 064/T-S02
10 RAX TERMINAL TEST CARD RTC APC-RTC 327/T-S02 1
11 CONFERENCE CARD CNF APC-CNF 022/T-S04
12 RAX DIGITAL TRUNK SYNC (30-CHANNEL) RDS APC-RDS 322/T-S01
13 RAX DIGITAL TRUNK CAS (30-CHANNEL) RDC APC-RDC 302/T-S02
14 RAX DIGITAL TRUNK (10-CHANNEL) RDT APC-RDT 851/F-S01
15 POWER SUPPLY UNIT - I PSU-I APC-PSU 036/T-S09 4

Basic Switching Systems: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

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BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

(A Government of India Enterprise)

BASIC SWITCHING SYSTEMS

C-DOT 256P RAX

REGIONAL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 1

2 System Architecture 3–7

7 Fault Handling 69 -77

8 256P RAX Installation 78 – 90

App. A Specification Summary 91 – 94

App. B Equipment Summary 95

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 2

The system employs a completely non-blocking 4-wire PCM switching

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 1

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 2

2.2. SYSTEM HARDWARE BLOCKS (REFER FIG. 2.1 & 2.2)

2.2.1. Terminal Group (TG)

2.2.2. RAX Switch Controller Card (RSC)

2.2.3. Signalling Processor Card (SPC) / Integrated Signalling

2.2.4. RAX Administrative Processor (RAP) Card

2.2.5. Maintenance Panel

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 4

FIG: 2.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

230V+10% 50Hz Single -48V DC

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 5

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 6

FIG: 2.3 256P RAX CARD FRAME

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 7

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 8

• Power Supply Unit (PSU)

• RAX Network Synchronization (RNS) Card

3.2. TERMINAL INTERFACES

3.2.1. Analog Terminal Interfaces

3.2.1.1. Subscriber Line Card (LCC/CCM) (Ref. Fig. 3.1)

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 9

FIG. 3.1 LINE CIRCUITCARD (8CIRCUIT/ CARD)

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 10

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 11

3.2.1.2. 4-Wire E&M Trunk Card (EMF) (Refer Fig. 3.2)

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 12

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 13

3.2.1.3. Two Way Trunk (TWT) Card (Refer Fig. 3.3)

3.2.2. Digital Trunk Interfaces

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 14

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 15

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 20

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 24

 PCM Clock/Sync Interface

3.3.1.1. A selection logic is employed for selecting one of the

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 25

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 26

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 27

3.4 SERVICE CIRCUIT CARDS

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 28

These cards can be placed in their terminal interface slots. These

3.4.1 RAX Multi-Frequency Card (RMF) (Refer Fig.3.8)

Functionally card is divided as follows:

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 29

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 30

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 31

RTC is placed in master frame and communicates with both

C-DOT 256P RAX CHAPTER 1 32