Tri Wahyuni

4SA02
19610846
Direct Speech

In the English language, there are two

ways of conveying what someone else
has said:
 direct/quoted speech and
 indirect/reported speech.
Direct Speech
What is it?
Direct/quoted speech, involves quoting the exact
words uttered by the person, within inverted
commas or quotation marks.

2nd September 2012 Anne said, “I will

be coming home
tonight”.

statement
Indirect Speech
Indirect/reported speech, on the other hand, does
not have to be within quotes or reported word-to-
word. In fact, unless one is relaying the exact words
spoken, one should never use quotation marks.

5th September 2012 She said that she

would be coming
home that night.

statement
Indirect Speech of Exclamatory Sentences

Sentence which expresses state of joy or sorrow or

wonder is called exclamatory sentence.
For example.
 Hurrah! We won the match.
 Alas! I failed the test.
 Wow! What a nice shirt it is.
To change such sentences, the words “exclaimed with
joy” or “exclaimed with sorrow” or “exclaimed with
wonder” is added in the reporting verb depending upon
the nature of exclamatory sentence in indirect speech.
Direct speech Indirect Speech
He said, “Hurrah! I won a He exclaimed with joy that
prize” he had won a prize.

She said, “Alas! I failed in She exclaimed with sorrow

exam”
John said, “Wow! What a
nice shirt it is”
that she failed in the exam.
John exclaimed with
wonder that it was a nice
shirt
Indirect Speech of Imperative
Sentence
A sentence which expresses command, request, advice or
suggestion is called imperative sentence.
For example,
• Open the door.
• Please help me.
• Learn your lesson.
To change such sentences into indirect speech, the word
“ordered” or “requested” or “advised” or “suggested” or
“forbade” or “not to do” is added to reporting verb
depending upon nature of imperative sentence in reported
speech.
Examples
Direct speech Indirect Speech
He said to me, “please help me”. He requested me to help him.

She said to him, “you should work He suggested him to work hard
hard for exam”. for exam.

They said to him, “do not tell a lie”. They said to him not to tell a lie.

He said, “open the door”. He ordered to open the door.

The teacher said to student, “do The teacher advised the students
not waste time”. not to waste time.
Indirect Speech for Interrogative (Question)
Sentence
For changing interrogative (question) sentence into indirect
speech we have to observe the nature of question and then
change it into indirect speech according to it rules for
indirect speech.
A question can be of two types:
 One type which can be answered in only YES or NO and
 Other type which needs a little bit explanation for its
answer and cannot be answered in only YES or NO.
For example:

Direct speech: They said to me, “did u go to school?”

Indirect Speech: They asked me if I had gone to school.
How to Use Reported Speech
When we use reported speech, we are usually
talking about the past.
Therefore, verbs usually change to the past tense
in reported speech.

For example:
 am / is become was

are become were

have/has become had

can/can’t become could/couldn’t

will/won’t become would/wouldn’t

Tense Change in Indirect Speech
Present simple tense Past simple
Present Continuous tense Past continuous
Present Perfect tense Past perfect
Present Perfect Past perfect continuous
Continuous
INTO
Past Simple Past Perfect

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Future simple, will would
Future Continuous, will would be
be
Future Perfect, will have would have
Changes in Time and Adverbs in
Indirect Speech
Changes to
Today that day/the same day
Tomorrow the next day/the following day
Yesterday the day before/the previous day
Next week/month/year the following week/month/year
Last week/month/year the previous week/month/year
Now/just then
Ago before
Here there
This that
The End

Thank You