IPv4 in a Nutshell

CIS 81, CST 311 Rick Graziani

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4-bit 4-bit 8-bit Type Of
Version Header Service 16-bit Total Length (in bytes)
Length (TOS)
3-bit
16-bit Identification Flags 13-bit Fragment Offset

8 bit Time To Live 8-bit Protocol 16-bit Header Checksum

TTL

32-bit Source IP Address

32-bit Destination IP Address

Options (if any)

Data

See the following documents for IP Addressing

• Nutshell: Classless Subnetting in a Nutshell (Excel spreadsheet)
• Nutshell: Classful Subnetting in a Nutshell

Destination and Source IP Addresses: 32 bits

TTL
• When a packet is first generated a value is entered into the TTL field.
• If the router decrements the TTL field to 0, it will then drop the packet (unless the packet is
destined specifically for the router, I.e. ping, telnet, etc.).