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Common-Property Resource - Resource that people normally are free to use; each user
can deplete or degrade the available supply.

Tragedy of the Commons - Depletion or degradation of a potentially renewable resource

to which people have free and unmanaged access.

Tragedy of the Commons Examples:

Uncontrolled levels of human population leading to overpopulation
Habitat destruction of animal habitats leading to mass extinction
Consequential global warming due to burning of fossil fuels

    
 

  
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Environmentally Sustainable Society - Society that meets the current and future basic
needs of its people for basic resources in a just and equitable manner without
compromising the ability to future generations of humans and other species from meeting
their basic needs.

Living on the earth's natural capital is living on earth itself, wasting its nonrenewable
resources and wasting renewable resources faster than produced. Living on the renewable
biological income provided by the capital is living off what the renewable resources
produce, such as living resources replenished by plants, soils, and water.

This is related to the sustainability of the earths life-support because living on the
renewable biological income is guaranteeing the earth a longer life span but living on the
earth's natural capital decreases its sustainability. This wastes its resources, which
reduces sustainability.

This is related to the sustainability of my lifestyle because it can be directly related

economically. If I make a savings fund, and only use the money that I produce, I assure
myself to always have money, thus making me sustainable. If I make a savings fund and
spend all of the money in it, I am not sustainable, because I would no longer have
something to live off.

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Sustainable Yield - Highest rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used
indefinitely without reducing its available supply.

Environmental Degradation - Depletion of destruction of a potentially renewable resource

such as soil, grassland, forest, or wildlife that is used faster than it is naturally
replenished.

Environmental Degradation Examples:

Urbanization of productive land
Excessive soil erosion
Pollution
Clearing forests to grow crops
Depleting groundwater
Reducing the earth's variety of wildlife by eliminating habitats and species

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Pollution - An undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics
of air, water, soil, or food that can adversely affect the health, survival, or activities of
humans or other living organisms.

Point sources of pollution are single identifiable sources, like the exhaust pipe on a car; it
is just the smoke coming from it. Nonpoint sources are larger, dispersed, and often
difficult to identify. Such as pesticide sprayed into the air into the atmosphere.

Three Types of Harm:

Degrade or disrupt life-support systems for humans and other species
Can damage wildlife, human health, and property
Create nuisances such as noise and unpleasant smells, tastes, and sights

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Pollution prevention reduces or eliminates the production of pollutants. Pollution cleanup
involves cleaning up pollutants after they have been produced.

Three problems with relying primarily on pollution cleanup:

- It is only a temporary bandage as long as population and consumption levels grow
without corresponding improvements in pollution control technology.
- Cleanup often removes a pollutant from one part of the environment only to cause
pollution in another.
- Once pollutants have entered and become dispersed into the environment at harmful
levels, it usually costs too much or is impossible to reduce them to acceptable levels.

Pollution prevention is better than pollution control because it is cheaper and more
effective. Why clean the pollution if you can stop it from happening in the first place.

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Four ways poverty is related to the premature deaths of poor people:
- Malnutrition from lack of protein and other nutrients needed for good health
- Increased susceptibility to normally nonfatal infectious diseases, such as diarrhea and
measles, caused by their weakened condition from malnutrition
- Lack of access to clean drinking water
- Severe respiratory disease and premature death from inhaling indoor air pollutants
produced by burning wood or coal in open fires or poorly vented stoves for heating and
cooking

Poor families have a large amount of children because it is a form of economic security.
This enables them to gather more resources, tend crops and livestock, work, and beg.

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Affluenza - Unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism exhibited in the
lifestyles of affluent consumers in the United States and other developed countries

Harmful environmental effects of affluenza include pollution, environmental degradation,

and wastes. The resources used to support the average American cause this.

Affluence can lead people to become more concerned about environmental quality. It
also provides money to develop technologies that reduce pollution, environmental
degradation, and resource waste.

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Population on a given area depends on the number of people, the average resource
consumption per person, the beneficial and harmful environmental effects of the
technologies. These control or prevent the resulting pollution and environmental
degradation.

In developing countries, population size and the resulting degradation of renewable

resources are the main factors in total environmental impact.

In developed countries, high rates of resource use per person and the resulting high levels
of pollution and environmental degradation per person are the main factors in
determining overall environmental impact.


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Renewable resources can be replenished fairly quickly through natural processes, as long
at it is not used faster than replaced. Nonrenewable resources exist in a fixed quantity or
stock in the earths crust, they will not be replenished in anyone¶s lifetime.

Renewable Resource Examples:

Forests
Grasslands
Wildlife

Nonrenewable Resource Examples:

Coal
Oil
Iron

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Doubling Time - Time it takes for the quantity of something growing exponentially to
double.

Rule of 70 - Doubling time(in years) = 70/(percentage growth rate)


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70/2% = 35 years for the population growth rate to double

 
       
 
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