As a result of climate change can be felt around the world - from the increased severity
and frequency of storms, rapid melting glaciers, loss of crops, rising sea levels, and other
things.

The state of California in the United States has experienced suffering from global
warming as droughts, heat waves, until the reduction in the amount of snow in the Sierra
Nevada mountains.

As one of the institution top-ranked in the state with 61 Nobel Sastrawannya, University
of Berkeley, California is the source of scientists, researchers, and professors on the examining
board and talk about the impact of global climate change.

Today, Supreme Master Television presents an interview with Dr. Kirk Smith, a
professor of Environmental Health at the University of Berkeley's World U.S.. The university
is also the alma mater where he received his bachelor's degree, master's, and doctoral degrees.
Dr. Smith served as Chairman of Maxwell Charities for Public Health Services at the
University of California, Berkeley.
He was also a founder and coordinator of the expansion of the campus Master Program in
Health, Environment, and Development.
Research work focused on environmental and health issues in developing countries, and is
associated with devastating health and climate change - air pollution, including field projects
are under way in India, China, Nepal, and Guatemala.
He helped a number of scientific advisory board of nationally and internationally,
including the World Action Plan for Pneumonia, World Energy Assessment, and the WHO Air
Quality Guidelines.
He also became the editorial board of international journals and has published more than
250 scientific articles and 7 books.
In 1997, Dr. Smith was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States, the highest decoration awarded to scientists of the United States.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
Hello and thank you can join with us today on Planet Earth: Home Beloved We. Today
we are fortunate to be able to talk with Dr. Kirk Smith. He is a professor at the University of
California, Berkeley and its main field is World Environmental Health.
So welcome, Dr.. Smith.
Dr. Smith:
Thank you. Glad to be here.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
Can you explain a little about your background, how you go into this job, how long have you
been working in the field of climate change and how it affects people's health?
Dr. Smith:
Well, actually at first I was trained as an astrophysicist and hoping a career there, but back to
the 70s, I think back, maybe I should do something a little more related to the problems of the
world.
So I took a long trip through Asia and the Pacific, saw the situation of people in developing
countries live in poverty and poor environmental conditions at all, and come back again and
decided to change my career, to use my scientific background in environmental health .
So now I've worked in this field for more than 30 years.
In the case of climate change, of course we have been aware of it since the 70's and 80's, but I
just believe in 1990, where it is a serious issue and devote part of my research on climate
change issues in developing countries.
MC:
The impact of climate change is not only a disaster because of the weather, but the research Dr.
Smith sustained a more evidence on the impact of global warming on human health.
Dr. Smith:
People hear about the heat wave pressure in the city, you know. Will there be more such events
in Paris a few years ago, or in Chicago a few years ago and the events of this kind?
That is one of impact. Another impact is the changing disease vectors now, not only
mosquitoes, but others as well.
Thus arises because the population of malaria mosquitoes develop in specific regions in Africa,
he does not ride up the mountain because it was too cold, but if the temperature changes, the
mosquitoes will be up to the mountain.
For example, several major cities in Africa deliberately set up in the mountains to avoid
malaria. Nairobi and Harar is a good example, big cities now.
Both, in Nairobi today began to emerge malaria. You already can see the expansion of disease
vectors.
Another is the increasing impact of diarrhea due to the heat of the environment and small
animals can develop better and it can be considered as one of the consequences.
Another impact is the increase in sea level that causes the migration of coastal populations with
health problems with the problem.
Another impact is that climate change will increase the outside air pollution, particularly ozone
because right now, he serves as a regulator of temperature and sunlight.
So even in California is expected to encounter more air pollution because of climate change.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
Then what is the relationship between lung disease, such as pneumonia?
Number one, I wanted to ask, whether there is an increase like this. And also what about the
psychological pressure? Is there any increase in psychological disorders caused by a change in
the atmosphere? And if you see these improvements?
Dr. Smith:
Both, of course I saw something the other day where everyone saw the news about climate
change that causes stress.
Yes, you and I currently causing stress to others.
Thus, stress is not all negative. This can make people start to act, so it might be good. But
clearly, there is the negative side of this. I could feel the tremendous pressure being
experienced by the refugees reduction.
If you are displaced because of drought, displaced due to floods, displaced due to rising sea
levels, a situation that gives you the pressure. And even if there is no disease, refugees usually
have a lot of psychological pressure.
I think that's impact.
MC:
Through his research, Dr. Smith and other scientists have seen the major impact of climate
change for the health of the community members who are most vulnerable children in
developing countries.
Now there is research about the effects of climate change on health. They found that in 2000
there are approximately 150,000 premature deaths worldwide due to climate change.
Penaksirannya now finished as we speak. I was in committee; we are confident that this will be
more widely; but the problem is not at 150,000. In fact, the phenomenon continues to grow and
we expect to further increase again. This incident tells us that these impacts are spread
throughout the world.
And 88% of people who are affected are children in third world, because they are the most
vulnerable, they are the shortage of food nutrition, those who do not have health care, and they
live in a bad neighborhood.
They are the people most affected by the health effects of climate change.
The world will become less attractive to us. That would be more expensive because you know,
we have to protect ourselves, set the temperature of the room, and so on. Rising sea levels, and
all that, but we are not going to die because of this.
There are many people who die because of this. And the largest group of children in third
countries. This is a topic rarely discussed by many people.
The fact is that the health impact of climate change the most upon the children, particularly
children in Africa, India, and the poor areas in Latin America.
That is because malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition, or other effects of climate change on health and
reduced productivity of crops in the area where they are at that level, rather having poor
nutrition.
And it is just as much impact.
Malaria, malnutrition, diarrhea, sea level rise, and hurricanes menigkatnya, you know, severe
weather can impact on health, it is very clear.
On the other hand, there is much more subtle. For example, if you change the pattern of rainfall
and temperature, you will change the pattern of pollen.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
Then this will lead to allergies or ...?
Dr. Smith:
Yes, alegi growing season length, a new form of pollen can make more and more people
affected by asthma. We have had asthma rates very high in this country and many other
countries. So all that is impact, you know, you're seen.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
And we have seen evidence of this as I said.
Dr. Smith:
Yes, there is some evidence of this.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
This does not happen in the future, but it happened today.
Dr. Smith:
Yes. That's happening now. And more evident.
MC:
U.S. California gold region experienced a large impact of global warming such as drought, heat
waves, and reduction of snow in the Sierra Nevada mountains.
As one of the highest educational institution in the country with 61 Nobel Laureates, University
of California, Berkeley has a lot of human resources and leading scientists, researchers, and
professors who study and speak about the effects of global climate change.
Today, Supreme Master Television presents an interview with Dr. Kirk Smith, a Professor of
Global Environmental Health at UC Berkeley. The university is also the alma mater where he
earned bachelor's, master's, and doctorate.
Dr. Smith served as the Maxwell Endowed Chair in Public Health at the University of
California, Berkeley.
He is also a founder and coordinator of the Master Program in Health, Environment, and
Development.
His research focuses on environmental and health problems in developing countries, especially
those related to health and water pollution due to climate change, including the sustainability of
regional projects in India, China, Nepal, and Guatemala.
He is also a scientific adviser to national and international levels including the Global Action
Plan for Pneumonia, Thinking Global Energy, and the WHO Air Quality Guidelines.
He became editor of the compilation of the body of international journals and has published
more than 250 scientific articles and 7 books.
In 1997, Dr. Smith was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States, one of the highest award given to U.S. scientists by fellow scientists.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
In this chart, I saw there was a large segment of the breeding animals.
Did you see the chart and can explain a little about what really happened, what will happen
with the future?
Dr. Smith:
This chart is an estimate of the distribution of methane gas emissions which is a greenhouse gas
that is very strong; methane also damage the surface of the ozone health impact and also
greenhouse gases, so this is a pollutant or greenhouse gas emissions we need to reduce.
 
Now there are some natural resources indicated in the graph; sea produce some, how many
wetlands produce.
We can not do anything for it. But the others - the largest emissions produced by humans
comes from the emissions for the energy industry, coal mines, oil refineries, gas pipeline leaks,
livestock, and so on. We all can stop it.
Waste water in waste disposal, that methane from plant waste, plant waste operating system is
bad, or let us say "old style" of the plant waste, waste disposal, where you do not produce
methane, as in most of the world, in places that We put our garbage.
There is a real solution for it, but the rice paddy produced in wet conditions; there is dry land
rice that does not produce methane.

But the wet rice land, you think it was methane. People are trying to make a low variation of
methane rice by rice paddy fields to dry methane production stops and so on.
And then there was the burning of biomass is the focus of my research, it also produces
methane.
So with renewed heat homes in the third world, or the fireplace in Silicon Valley, you can
reduce methane emissions in this way.
But the biggest piece of the set here, the red piece is livestock. Livestock produces the largest
methane from their digestive tract as well as from fertilization.
And that is something that we can contribute, we all eat meat and I must say, drinking milk is
the same. But the largest portion is in the flesh, quick fixes will happen if we eat less meat.
So you and I have an influence. I can make an impact, and my friends and other people can
make an impact by eating less meat.
When you eat less meat, you have helped to reduce methane. Over time, the growth of methane
emissions will be lower.
MC:
Today we interviewed Dr. Kirk Smith, a Professor of Global Environmental Health at UC
Berkeley to discuss the role of methane in global warming and how the production of methane
gas can be reduced drastically by the community by switching to a vegetarian diet, which
means non-animal.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
In my opinion, most government agencies only focus on ways to reduce CO2, whereas in my
opinion, like you're talking about: methane to give effect to the atmosphere and impact on
global warming, so if you can share with us a little about how the difference between the CO2
impact on the environment and global warming potential than methane, because for me it is
more important, so if you can say a little about this it will be very good.
Dr. Smith:
Well, you asked a very good question, because so much discussion today, a good discussion
about the issue of CO2.
For a long period of time, we have agreed with CO2, because it is a greenhouse gas main. But
CO2 is a greenhouse gas is weakest. And the thing is, he remains in the atmosphere until
hundreds of years.
CO2 that we spend today will remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years; and methane is a
greenhouse gas known as the second most, but methane is much stronger.
Dr. Smith:
Methane is a gas that is hidden and dangerous in many ways.
Of course natural gas is methane, and this is a greenhouse gas that is very strong as I
mentioned.
But it also destroys ozone. I am not talking about the ozone, but ozone levels that can be under
strong pollutants for the health and also a greenhouse gas.
So one of effects of background methane is the cause, of global ozone levels rise into the
atmosphere.
So now the ozone levels in the city became increasingly exhausted and can damage the health
of the environment due to global warming.
 
So this is another side effect of methane.
Dr. Smith:
Per molecule, you know, a carbon atom, methane may be 30 times more damaging than CO2,
the weight unit, where most people would think about weight, probably 100 times more.
So, if we remove methane today, in the next 20 years will produce more damage than the CO2
in the same amount.
And once the heat into the Earth system, it does not matter whether the CO2 or methane, the
problem lies in the heat.
And the heat is, both methane and CO2 will melt the ice, causing rising sea levels, causing
changes in climate patterns, and so on.
Many of us, not just my own, but many people working in the field of climate change begin to
think that we have not enough focus on methane.
 
Of course, we must reduce CO2, but if you want to change the climate in the next 20 years, a
way to do this is to cut the most important greenhouse gases, namely methane.
So CO2 emissions in the year gave only 40% of the total warming in the next 20 years.
While 60% of it, or a larger portion comes from the short-lived gases and the most important is
methane.
So many of us are saying, if we want to make changes quickly, brake quickly melting ice,
rising sea braked immediately, and so on, we must allow time for this, people should be more
focused on methane.
Dr. Smith:
Many of us who already know where the emissions from fossil fuels is the largest producer of
CO2.
So you kemudikan vehicles, air travel you do, and maybe the furnace in your house and so on,
it all produces CO2.
But most of us will never know the amount of methane we produce. There is one step to
remove them. Every day we make a lot of methane.
Many of us may produce methane, say, a few holes in the back yard filled with garbage or
something that may produce methane.
But from whatever activity we produce methane?
We produce methane through our filth, through which we dispose of waste (SUPREME
MASTER TV: True), through a leak of natural gas pipeline that supplies our homes, through
the emission of a coal mine where they mine coal for our power generation, and from several
sources which are not related at all with CO2 is that farm animals are the largest single source
of methane emissions, methane emissions humans. Humans create the largest methane
emissions from livestock sector.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
From the list we mentioned earlier, the conclusion is the biggest contributing factors that must
be reduced is the farming industry.
Dr. Smith:
That's right.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
So, based on this list, there is one that I want to ask you, is there a lot of talk that is often raised,
switch to diet without animal or vegetarian.
And it bagimana diet can affect us to a global level and help us reduce the methane that can
reduce or slow down global warming?
Dr. Smith:
Well, I think this is the most important
I mean, there are many reasons to consider in reducing or reducing meat consumption habits
dagaing developments, may reduce the affluent countries, and this slow growth in countries
such as China's middle income, it should be legalized the government, because it is producing
gas - greenhouse gases.
Livestock contributes 20% of all greenhouse gas emissions, I mean, the meat production
system, including feed production for livestock feed and transportation, as well as the necessary
fertilizer to produce animal feed it.
There was an article recently published in Lancet, a renowned medical magazine that reveals all
of this. And it also has not discussed about the methane produced by them. If you want to
discuss it again, you will be surprised because there were a lot more than we talked about some
time ago, 20% and the number will increase by 30%.
So he was 30% in the next 20 years, he will continue to rise as livestock production.
But there we can do as individuals.
Most of us do not produce their own meat we eat, but when you buy a piece of meat from Safe
Place (supermarket), then you have been involved in the meat production system, just as you
put electricity in your house, you are connected to the source of energy.
SUPREME MASTER TV:
So by buying animal products whatsoever, the people directly contributing to the increase in
methane gas.
Dr. Smith:
Absolutely, methane and the entire system to produce meat using a lot of land.
There are a number of agricultural land in an area that is used only to produce animal feed only.

We are all connected to each other, we live on Earth the same; if we do something, it can affect
everyone.
And this is a very important picture. This requires a lot of support from the media, and perhaps
scientists to find out.
MC:
We are grateful to Dr. Smith on the research and insights about the damaging effects of climate
change on human health and how diet based plants will be most effective way one can do
individually to help stop global warming.