Questionnair Construction

Important Considerations

1-Content 2-Structure 3-Format 4-Sequence

1-Content
1.1

a- Factual Question Income level , Age, Gender, Means of Transportation,

Education level

b- Subjective Experience attitudes, Values, opinion, Motives, Intention, Purchasing

Habits, Observation

1.2 Structure

Question types

Closed-Ended Respondents/participants selects answers from a given

set of options

Open-Ended Required to give responses in their own words

Contingency Question Close –Type of question applicable to sub-group of

Population

Filter questions Preceding question Respondents are asked whether

they have

opinion or information

1.2 Format and lay out

Physical lay out and format of questions

How to structure the response categories of closed-ended

questionnaire

General format is present all possible categories

Respondents can Encircle

Write the number of answer

Check the box or blank

 Circling the code is preferable

1-Ratings Answer are rated according decreasing or increasing intensity

response categories are termed as quantifiers

Common categoriess

Strongly agree, Agree, depends, disagree, Strongly disagree

Too little About right Too much

More Same Less

2-Matrix Question Method of Organizing a large set of ratings questions that have
the same response categories

3-Semantic Differential Bi-polar adjectives are used to rate response

Good 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bad

Honest Dishonest

4-Ranking Refers to the degree of importance or priorities towards any specific

attitude, object, and

A prosperous Life 1 2 3 4

A family Life 1 2 3 4

A secure Life 1 2 3 4

3.Sequence Of Question

Funnel Sequence
Each successive question is related to the previous question and has a
progressivly narrower scope

Inverted Funnel Sequences

Narrower questions are followed by broader questions

Questionnaire Construction
1-Avoid Jargon, Slang and abbreviations

2-Avoid ambiguous, confusing and vague language What is your income

3-Avoid Emotional language and prestige bias

Prestige bias associating a statement with prestigious group or person

4-Avoid double-barreled questions

Two or more questions joined to gather Poverty and crime are====

Domestic violence and poverty are

5-Avoid loading/ leading questions

Phrasing the question that researcher demand a specific answer from respondent

Choosing answer due to its wording Do u favor or oppose judiciary===

6-Avoid Double Negatives Grammatically incorrect or confusing I have not

got no job

7-Response set

Tendency to answer all questions in specific direction irrespective of their content

Occurs due to arrangements of questionnaire

Can be avoided by changing questionnaire format or changing the order of

questions

8-Social Desirability bias Responding to question merely on the perception that

the specific response is more desirable

9-Threatening Questions

Emotionally embarrassing questions, Anxiety provoking questions

Results in biased responses

-Avoid questions that are beyond respondent’s capacity

-Avoid asking distant future questions suppose Government

starts----------

-Avoid false Premises Government is doing many practical steps

for the development of ----

-Avoid over-lapping or unbalanced categories

Cover letter

Instructions

Ending Questionnaire