Gender Analysis and Disaster Risk Reduction Resources

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International
Sexual and gender-based violence against refugees, returnees and internally

displaced persons : guidelines for prevention and response
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),2003. 158 pp. Comprehensive report

focused on prevention as well as effective and meaningful response to women and
children at risk of sexual violence. The report moves easily from analytic discussion of gender-
based violence to specific and practical action recommendations including monitoring and
evaluation. It is notable for close analysis of safety concerns for displaced children. The
specific and wide-ranging recommendations should be applied in contexts of post-
disaster displacement and relocation. Available through CRID:
http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/eng/doc14503/doc14503.htm
Living with Disaster
60 min. Produced by Practical Action (Formerly Intermediate Technology Group).

Available for purchase from Television Trust for the Environment, London, UK.
http://www.oneworld.org/tve
Includes gender-aware profiles of communities responding to risk in Bangladesh,

Zimbabwe, the Philippines, and Peru and Columbia.
Key words: Video, cross hazard, gender analysis, mitigation, response
Women Watch
Information and Resources on Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women.
Website developed by the Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality as a

central gateway to information and resources on the promotion of gender equality and
the empowerment of women throughout the United Nations system. Created in March
1997 to provide Internet space for global gender equality issues and to support
implementation of the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/.
For moderated on-line discussions on relevant topics:

http://www.un.org/womenwatch/forums/review/. Extensive archived material available
electronically.
Towards Equity
Produced with support of the World Conservation Union. US$40 the set. Available from
the IUCN Regional Office for Meso-America (ORMA), Costa Rica.For more information:
http://www.iucn.org/bookstore/Gender-Equity-2.htm
Module 1: A Good Start Makes a Better Ending

Writing Proposals from a Gender Perspective
Lorena Aguilar with the collaboration of REDNA Nicaragua
ISBN 9968-743-27-5, 1999
260 x 200mm, 31pp.
Module 2: Seek and Ye Shall Find

Creating Participatory Appraisals from a Gender Perspective
Lorena Aguilar, Gustavo Briceño, Edgar Chacón and Ilsie Valenciano
ISBN 9968-743-36-4, 1999
260 x 200mm, 82pp.
Module 3: If We Organize it We Can do it

Project Planning from a Gender Perspective
Cecilia Alfaro Quesada with the collaboration of Blanca Mendoza de Sánchez and REDNA
Guatemala
ISBN 9968-743-39-9, (incorrect ISBN printed in book) 2000
260 x 200mm, 52pp.
Module 4: Taking the Pulse of Gender

Gender-sensitive Systems for Monitoring and Appraisal
Guiselle Rodríguez et al.
ISBN 9968-743-38-0, 2000
260 x 200mm, 48pp.
Module 5: In Unity there is Power

Processes for Participation and Empowerment
Claudia Patricia Zaldaña
ISBN 9968-743-44-5, 2000
260 x 200mm, 101pp.
Module 6: Eyes that See… Hearts that Feel

Equity Indicators
Ana Cecilia Escalante and María del Rocío Peinador
ISBN 9968-743-41-0, 2000
260 x 200mm, 102pp.
Module 7: Practicing What We Preach

Toward Administration and Management with Equity
Lara Blanco and Guiselle Rodríguez
ISBN 9968-786-10-1, 1999
260 x 200mm, 55pp.
Module 8: Sharing Secrets

Systematization from a Gender Perspective
Rocío Rodríguez Villalobos
ISBN 9968-743-42-9, 2000
260 x 200mm, 42pp.
Module 9: Unveiling Gender

Basic Conceptual Elements for Understanding Equity
María Cecilia Alfaro
ISBN 9968-743-43-7, 2000
260 x 200mm, 38pp.
Key words: Gender analysis, community education
Women and Disaster: What's the Connection?
Module in Working With Women at Risk, Elaine Enarson with Marta Gonzáles, Lourdes Meyreles,
Betty Hearn Morrow, Audrey Mullings, and Judith Soares, 2003. 94 pp. This section includes
basic discussion of key disaster concepts, an informational brochure, and a photo essay
with personal narrative which are useful tools for working with the media or local
women’s and community groups. Available through the Gender and Disaster Network:
http://gdnonline.org/resources/Working w Women English.pdf
Key words: Grassroots, education, narrative, brochure, women's groups
Disaster Watch
This innovative and wide-ranging grassroots initiative was undertaken by members of

Grassroots Women’s Organizations Operating Together in Sisterhood [GROOTS]
working through the Huariou Commission to promote the growth & development of
women - centered community based, post disaster response. Currently coordinated by
Swayam Shikshan Prayog from India, Disaster Watch is supported by the New York
based Huairou Commission.
Disaster Watch addresses the gender-based vulnerability of girls and women in disaster
contexts with emphasis on how grassroots women organize to reduce vulnerability and
participate actively in disaster reduction activities. A number of projects have been
conducted based on the Disaster Watch model of peer learning through which disaster-
affected women from one region travel to others to lend support and share information
about successful practices in other regions by women’s groups. Resource papers,
personal narratives, reports from partner organizations and other materials are
available on the Disaster Watch website, including:
• an evaluation of Disaster Watch activities [“Findings”:

http://www.groots.org/news/Evaluation.PDF)]
• profiles from one of the first exchanges [“Notes from India/Turkey Exchange
[http://www.groots.org/resource.htm]
• personal narratives from project partners, e.g. “Our Practice: Stories from the
Field” in India: http://www.disasterwatch.net/dis_watch/stories.htm
• monthly Tsunami Updates contributed by GROOTS member SSP with excellent
accounts otherwise unavailable from grassroots organizations responding to the
tsunami [for example, see Face to Face with Women in Aceh, by Suranjana Gupta,
September 2005.
Disaster Watch is also undertaking a documentation and action research project called
Women's Lives, Women's Decisions: Supporting Affected Women to Rebuild After
Katrina, described more fully below. See: http://neighborhoodwomen.blogs.com/
Disaster Brief Updates are available on-line with information from partnering
organizations in disaster-affected regions about women’s initiatives. This is also
available as an electronic newsletter through the Huairou Commission. Back issues are
available on-line: http://www.disasterwatch.net/disaster_brief.htm
For more information, visit the GROOTS website: http://www.groots.org/resource.htm

as well as the Disaster Watch website: http://www.disasterwatch.net/index.htm .
Key words: grassroots, women's group, NGO, relief, recovery, reconstruction,
empowerment, practice, narratives
Mainstreaming gender in unstable environments
UNIFEM, 1999. 15 pp. Follow up document to the Beiing Conference of 1995 and 1998
meetings of ECOSOC about humanitarian relief. Lays the framework for subsequent
initiatives and publications in this area by the IASC Working group on Gender and
Humanitarian Assistance. Indicators for assessing and monitoring gender sensitive
programming across sectors are provided. The approach is informed by a strong
human rights perspective relating planning and programming to existing legal
frameworks such as CEDAW. This policy guide is described in more depth on-line in
the IASC GHAR Kit:
http://www.reliefweb.int/library/GHARkit/files/GenderInUnstableEnvironments.pdf
Key words: IGO, humanitarian assistance, practice, policy, gender, human rights,
humanitarian crisis
A Little Gender Handbook for Emergencies (Or Just Plain Common Sense)
Oxfam UK, Humanitarian Department, 2004. 13 pp. Available through

Oxfam:http://homepage.oxfam.org.uk/emergencies/ed_general/scipio/gender_handbook
.htm
One of many gender-sensitive initiatives from Oxfam, this guide provides a succinct and
user-friendly overview. Included are discussion and examples of what using a gender
approach means in practice, gender analysis practices in field assessments,
participatory methodologies and women, how and when to integrate gender concerns in
planning, gender-sensitive program planning, monitoring and evaluation. Of special
interest is a protocol for assessing the gender dimensions of proposed projects with
respect to goals, planning, and evaluation. See also Eade, Dianne and Suzanne Williams
(eds.). 1995. The Oxfam Handbook of Development and Relief, Vol 1-3. Oxford: Oxfam,
special issues relating to gender in emergencies published by the Oxfam journal Gender
and Development, and gender and disaster reporting in the newsletter Links.
Key words: all hazard, INGO, relief agency, practice guide, gender analysis, multi-
hazard
Gender and Humanitarian Assistance Resource Kit
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), 1999. Available through ReliefWeb:

http://www.reliefweb.int/library/GHARkit
The IASC Task Force on Gender and Humanitarian Assistance, co-chaired by OCHA and
WHO In May 1999, endorsed the “Policy Statement on Mainstreaming Gender into
Humanitarian Response” and the related background document. This Resource Kit is
intended to help IASC members, and others, to implement the policy.
The Kit is an excellent resource though now somewhat dated. It contains key analytic
documents as well as many of the guidelines and checklists (also included in the
Sourcebook). It is organized in these six major sections with links in each to 5-10 key
documents:
- Mainstreaming gender in the humanitarian response to emergencies

- Policies and standards
- Analytic documents
- Best practice in gender mainstreaming in emergencies
- Guidelines and checklists
- Tools for planning and training
Users are directed in particular to the Gender and Emergencies Annex
prepared by the FAO which includes supplementary descriptive material for
many of the materials referenced in the Sourcebook:
http://www.reliefweb.int/library/GHARkit/FilesFeb2001/gender_annex.htm
Key words: IGO, gender mainstreaming, practice guides, policy, cross
hazard, humanitarian response, good practice
Working with women in emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Field Studies Paper 2, 1991. 22
pp. The guide, one example of gender-sensitive materials from the IFRC, highlights the
particular needs of women who have experienced various violent situations such as
rape and armed conflict. It offers a brief background and some basic recommendations
useful in both planning and running of relief and rehabilitation programmes. Available
for postal costs only in English, French, Spanish, Arabic from the IFRC:
http://www.ifrc.org/publicat/catalog/autogen/0097.asp
Key words: practice guide, INGO, gender violence, IFRC
Weaving Gender in Disaster and Refugee Assistance: A Report
Patricia Morris for the InterAction Commission on the Advancement of Women, 2003.
52 pp. Available through InterAction:
http://www.interaction.org/files.cgi/2406_Weaving_Report.pdf
Refugee and disaster assistance efforts have begun to grapple with gender
issues and their effects on complex emergencies. To contribute to the
development of “best practice” in this field, InterAction organized two
opportunities for representatives of member agencies and donors to share
experiences and lessons learned. This report therefore covers the two
meetings and documents and presents new ways of working in the field,
aimed at enabling both women and men to be full participants and
beneficiaries in humanitarian and refugee assistance. With examples from
Angola, Rwanda, Uganda, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Sierra Leone,
Mozambique, Eritrea, Congo Brazzaville, Ghana, Guinea, Cambodia, Bosnia,
Vietnam, and Afghanistan, the report lists both challenges and success
stories encountered when using a gender programming approach.
In addition, the report makes five recommendations on how to improve

services by incorporating gender in the assistance to displaced persons, and
also provides a checklist for the Identification of gender roles and needs
during crises. The report strongly concludes that weaving gender into the
goals, scope, and design of relief efforts should be at the core of what it
means to provide emergency assistance. It will be of most interest to
disaster responders including donors, humanitarian agencies, and relevant
government departments.
Key words: gender and disaster response, gender and refugees, gender and
displacement, practice, policy, cross hazard
Gender mainstreaming guidelines for disaster management

programmes: a principled socio-economic and gender analysis
approach
Angus Graham, 2001.Paper prepared for the Expert Working Group meeting,
Ankara, Turkey.
Available through the UN Division for the Advancement of Women:

www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/env_manage/documents.html
Key words: IGO, gender mainstreaming, policy, practice, FAO SEAGA
Gender, Emergencies and Humanitarian Assistance
Bridget Byrne with Sally Baden, 1995. 82 pp. One of the earliest and
strongest pieces on the practical issues facing girls and women in
emergencies and how relief efforts can and should be reshaped to meet
these. The authors argue against the vicitimization theme often implicit in
traditional women-and-development approaches. The full participation of
women as active subjects is called for and practical guides identified for
promoting this. The report is still essential reading for policy development
and practitiones. Available through ReliefWeb:
http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwt.nsf/libHome?
ReadForm&Query=libByKeyword_7&cat=Gender
Key words: policy, practice, emergency management, gender analysis,
relief, women, girls, practice guide
Disaster risk reduction: mitigation and preparedness in development and

emergency programming
Key words: NGO, practice, policy, community, mitigation, preparedness, risk

methodology, natural hazard, aid programming, risk reduction, implementation
Food Aid and Gender in Emergencies
UN World Food Programme (WFP). On-line through CRID:

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/eng/doc13584/doc13584.pdf
Key words: fact sheet, IGO, health, relief
Gender Equity And Humanitarian Response
Susan Smith (ed.), 2001 issue of LINKS. 11 pp. ID: 13986. Available through CRID:
Key words: NGO, humanitarian relief, practice, policy
Women in Emergencies
1997. Department of Humanitarian Affairs DHA News Special Issue, 1997. Multiple
short accounts from around the world debunking myths and stereotypes. See Table of
Contents in section one of the Sourcebook [Gender and Disaster: Lessons from the
FIeld.
For example, trainers might well use:
Community life and disaster reduction. Natalie Domeisen
Cyclones: The Days After, R. Kabir
Disaster management, women: an asset or liability?

D. Pastizzi Ferencic
The needs and potential of women in emergencies. Katarina Toll

Key words: IGO, gender analysis, practice, training
Unsung Heroines: Women and Natural Disasters
Gender Matters, Information Bulletin No. 8, US Agency for International Development..

2000, 4 pp. Short paragraph-long descriptions of women and grassroots women's
groups responding proactively to hurricane Mitch and other disasters makes this a
useful discussion tool. Source: http://pdf.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACL189.pdf
Key words: grassroots, women's groups, capacity, empowerment, emergency

response, recovery, reconstruction
Gender and Development
As noted in the Case Studies section of the Sourcebook, this Oxfam journal has
published several special issues relevant to women,gender and disaster. The entire
issue could be used as a reading for trainings or college courses as each offers an
analytic introduction, short case studies (or excerpts) from around the world based on
accounts from field workers or researchers with a gender focus, and an excellent
resource section:
Women and the Environment, G. Reardon, ed. Oxfam Focus on Gender 1 (1), 1993.
Women and Emergencies, B. Walker, ed. Oxfam Focus on Gender 2 (1), 1994.
Humanitarian Work. Gender and Development 9 (3), 2001.
Climate Change. Gender and Development 10 (2), 2002.
Key words: Research, NGOs, cross hazard, research, practice, policy, livelihood,
community, emergency management
Gender and Natural Disasters Fact Sheet
Pan-American Health Organization [Women, Health and Development Program). Nd. 2

pp with references. International illustrations of common themes. Available in Spanish
and English . Source: http://www.paho.org/English/DPM/GPP/GH/genderdisasters.PDF
Key words: practice, policy, fact sheet, IGO

The Oxfam Gender Training Manual
Suzanne Williams with Janet Seed and Adelina Mwau. 1994.

Distributed by Oxfam UK and Ireland. 634 pp.
This well-known resource offers gender and disaster trainers a great deal of general
material on gender relations which would supplement a workshop on disasters and
emergency relief. General guidelines for facilitators are included as are ice-breakers and
other group exercises. Very practical and targeted handouts and exercises are offered
to increase gender awareness among women and link gender relations to larger cultural
and global patterns. Comprehensive guidelines and resources are provided to promote
organizational self study and more gender-equitable planning and practice in any field,
with particular discussion of global development issues. The handouts on Gender and
Emergencies and handouts in the section on Gender and Environment are useful. The
Manual includes a comprehensive (dated) bibliography included audiovisual resources
and additional gender and development training packages.
For permission to reproduce materials, contact Oxfam Publishing [publish@oxfam.org.uk]
Key words: training, practice, IGNO, education
The Oxfam Handbook of Development and Relief
Vol 1-3. Diane Eade and Suzanne Williams (eds.).

1995. Oxford, UK: Oxfam. Excellent case material is available from field practice to
support a strong analytic framework. Well-known resource for community based risk
reduction with a strong gender perspective.
Key words: practice, policy, emergency relief, cross hazard, community
Women in Disaster syllabus
2001. Elaine Enarson. Lower-division college class developed for the women's studies
program at Metropolitan State College of Denver. Available through
GDN:http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/women-and-disaster-syllabus-ee2001.doc
Key words: Teaching, US, cross hazard
The Needs of Women in Disasters and Emergencies
Wiest, Raymond; Jane Mocellin and Thandiwe Motsisi. 1994. 92 pp. Report for the UN
Development Programme and the Office of the US Disaster Relief Coordinator. Available
through the Gender and Disaster Network:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/women-in-disaster-emergency.pdf
This comprehensive overview and analysis of the gender-based issues confronting

women in disasters stands the test of time for its level of analysis, case material and
substantive recommendations for research, policy and practice. The authors examine
source of gender bias in disaster-related research, critically examine how gender
impacts women in diverse social locations, and clearly identifies gender-based
vulnerabilities as a priority concern in disaster planning and response. Examining
women and gender throughout the disaster cycle and offering an integrated analysis
touching on psychosocial dimensions, household structure, the division of labor and
cultural context with emphasis on the essential role of women as agents of change in
disaster risk reduction, this report stands as a model for many of those that follow.
Available through the GDN in English and Spanish.
Key words: vulnerability, disaster mental health, violence, livelihood, preparedness,

emergency response, reconstruction, gender analysis, cross hazard, policy
Gender Perspectives on the Conventions on Biodiversity, Climate Change and

Desertification
Yianna Lambrou, Gender and Development Service, FAO Gender and Population
Division, March 2005. Clear and short presentation of the main gender dimensions of
three significant international conventions. Trainers will find this very useful for
generating discussion about the root causes of natural disasters and strategies for fully
engaging women in addressing these. Vulnerabilities are described and
recommendations forwarded toward an integrated and gender-sensitive approach.
Source: http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_050301a1_en.htm
Key words: IGO, climate change, livelihood
Guidelines On Socio-Economic And Gender Analysis For Emergency And

Rehabilitation
2004. Available through FAO: http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_040701_en.htm
This material was developed as a “practical” tool to assist managerial and operational
staff to mainstream gender throughout the project sequence and in all aspects relating
to emergency interventions, such as food aid, nutrition, household food security and
agricultural policy in crisis situations. Under the SEAGA Programme and as a
contribution to the UN Security Council Resolution 1325, FAO and the World Food
Programme (WFP) have jointly produced these guidelines as well as the related
document Passport To Mainstreaming A Gender Perspective In Emergency Programmes.
The main objective of these two documents is to ensure that gender analysis becomes
an integral element in the planning and practice of emergency and rehabilitation
interventions. In this way, those categories which are frequently the most vulnerable
and who have a crucial role to play in the rebuilding of their societies will not be further
marginalised and can be targeted with appropriate agricultural interventions.
Key words: Practice, policy, gender analysis, response, recovery, FAO
Women: users, preservers and managers of agrobiodiversity
Gender and development fact sheet, December 2001. 3 pp. Produced by the FAO
Sustainable Development Department. Clear statement on the essential contributions
made by women to community resilience in the face of environmental degradation and
the potential for extreme environmental events and conditions. This excellent summary
illustrates the need for gender analysis and invites development of the links to disaster
reduction. The fact sheet includes related readings and a short glossary. Also available
in French.
Key words: development, livelihood, vulnerability, gender analysis, fact sheet, FAO
Small farmers in developing countries play a crucial role in preventing genetic

erosion by preserving and managing plant genetic resources and
agrobiodiversity
FAO December 2001. This Gender and Development fact sheet points out that women's
knowledge of wild plants used for food, fodder and medicine tends to be highly
developed. This local knowledge is often handed down from generation to generation.
The recognition and promotion of women's important role in this area will be crucial in
order to safeguard agrobiodiversity for future generations.
Key words: Fact sheet, IGO, mitigation, livelihood, capacity building
Environmental Management and the Mitigation of Natural Disasters: a Gender

Perspective
2001, 33 pp. Final report from the November 2001 Expert Working Group Meeting
conducted in Ankara by the UN DAW. Available through the UN Division for the
Advancement of Women:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/env_manage/documents/EGM-Turkey-final-
report.pdf
The final report summarizes the work process, main contours of the debate and
recommendations forwarded by participants in the areas of: policy and programme;
budgeting and finance; legislation and human rights; participation, partnership and
community involvement; media; information and dissemination; education, training and
capacity building; research; methodologies and data collection; and action at the
international level. See also Agreed Conclusions from the 47th Session of the
Commission on the Status of Women, based on this report and the Expert Group
Meeting: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/47sess.htm#conclusions
Key words: conference, policy, practice, mitigation, cross hazard, emergency

management
Making Risky Environments Safer: Women Building Sustainable and Disaster-

Resilient Communities
E. Enarson for UN Division for the Advancement of Women, 2002. 28 pp. Available
through UN DAW: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/w2000-natdisasters-
e.pdf
Prepared in magazine form for the UN Women 2000 and Beyond publication series,
now available in English, French and Spanish. The text introduces gender concerns in
the broader agenda of disaster risk reduction and discusses through case material from
international disasters how women act to reduce risk. Emphasises the need to
recognise and support the efforts of grassroots women currently marginalised from
dominant approaches.
Key words: women's groups, grassroots, mitigation, preparedness, emergency relief,

recovery, reconstruction, cross hazard, resilience, community, gender issues
The Neglect Of Gender In Disaster Work : An Overview Of The Literature
Alice Fothergill, 1998. 1996 article in International Journal of Mass Emergencies and
Disasers revised and reprinted in Enarson, Elaine, and Hearn Morrow, Betty, ed. The
Gendered Terrain of Disaster : Through Women's Eyes, pp.11-25. Available through
CRID: http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/eng/doc12883/doc12883.htm
Key words: research, gender analysis, cross hazard
Invitation to a new feminist disaster sociology: integrating feminist theory and

methods
Enarson, Elaine and Brenda Phillips, 2003. Paper presented at the International
Sociological Association meeting, Washington D.C. Forthcoming 2005 in Brenda Phillips
and Betty Hearn Morrow (eds.), Women in Disaster, Xlibris Publications:
http://www.xlibris.com.
Key words: gender analysis, research
Statements On Gender To The UN Commission For The Status Of Women (46th

session)
2001. Panel discussion on Environmental Management and Mitigation of Natural

Disasters: a Gender Perspective.
Sálvano Briceño, ISDR:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw46/panel-briceno.pdf
Elaine Enarson, US:

http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw46/panel-Enarson.pdf
Toure Idiatu Camara, Guinea [French only]

www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw46/panel-Camara.pdf
Yolene Surena, Haiti [French only]

http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw46/panel-Surena.pdf
Key words: Gender analysis, IGO, cross hazard, environmental management,

mitigation, gender perspectives
Statement of the Gender and Disaster Network prepared from the World
Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan, 2005
Gender and Disaster Network, 2004. 8 pp. Statement prepared for the World
Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan, January 2005 on the basis of the
2004 Gender Equality and Disaster Risk Reduction Workshop in Honolulu. Available on
the workshop website through the University of Hawaii:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/pdf/HonoluluCall_111504.pdf
Key words: policy, practice, community, grassroots, men, communication, women's

groups, public education, NGO, GO, IGO, INGO, gender equality
Gender matters: Talking points on gender equality and disaster risk reduction
Compiled by E. Enarson, 2004 (originally for World Vision International). 22 pp.

Drawing on international case material from published and unpublished, these short
excerpts were collected to demonstrate the range of issues raised by gender concerns
in various disaster contexts. The selections are organized around three major themes:
Why gender? Why women? Practical concerns for relief work; women managing risk:
selected international examples; gender-fair practices in disaster relief: international
cases. Available from the GDN: http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/gendermatters-
talkingpoints-ee04.doc
Key words: practice, grassroots, women's groups, emergency management,

vulnerability, capacity building
Some of Women's Stories
Enarson et al., 2002, 7 pp. Training resource developed for the Caribbean- based
project Working With Women at Risk: Practical Guidelines for Assessing Local Disaster
Risk. Includes brief excerpts in the first-person voice organized thematically. Available
through the GDN: http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/some_of_womens_stories.pdf
Key words: Narrative, gender analysis, cross hazard
Honolulu workshop on gender equality and disaster risk reduction:

proceedings
Gender Equality and Disaster Risk Reduction Workshop, Honolulu HI, August 2004.
Proceedings available on-line through the Gender and Disaster Network:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/index.html
• Participant Commentaries with a regional perspective on gender and disaster,
country-specific and regional presentations and posters.
• Conference presentations
• Supplementary materials contributed by participants including papers, reports
and electronic posters
• Small group reports
• Honolulu Call to Action, outcome of the 2004 Workshop on Gender Equality
and Disaster Risk Reduction: http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/. In
addition to background resource papers and conference presentation, see the Call
to Action in the Proceedings, available on-line through GDN.
Key words: All hazard, conference report, policy, practice, emergency management,
Center for Disaster Preparedness
The Mission of CDP is to:

1. Promote Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM);
2. Advocate for policies and programs that protect the environment and mitigate
disasters; and,
3. Facilitate interactive learning and discourse on disaster management
CDP has conducted community based disaster management training in the Philippines,
the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, Mongolia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar.
URL: http://www.cdp.org.ph/
Key words: NGO, cross hazard, community, mitigation, emergency management,

development
International Institute for Disaster Risk Management (IDRM International)
URL: http://www.idrmhome.org/
1703 Cityland Herrera Tower, Corner Valero-Rufino Streets

Salcedo Village, Makati City 1200, Philippines
Tel. +632-8131668 / Telefax +632-8170894
Email for general queries: info@idrmhome.org
Email for projects and partnerships: deo@idrmhome.org
United Nations Expert Group on Women and Finance: Transforming Financial

Systems, by Women's World Banking
1995, pp 47. Available through the Women’s World Banking group

http://www.wiram.de/gendersourcebook/cooperation/cooperation_finance_reading.html
?
The report is based on the summary of key principles obtained from the global
participants attending the Expert Group on Women and Finance meeting held in
January 24 to 28, 1994. Discussions centred on women and finance, microfinance and
the key policy constraints. It focuses on the action recommendations agreed upon by
the Expert group for the five substantive modules, which include:
• Banking on poor women, systems at work – getting significant impact;

• Financial systems that serve poor entrepreneurs;
• What governments can and cannot do and means for moving major resources.
The report provides a high level of agreement on the recommendations by world

leaders on micro enterprises, women’s economic participation and financial systems.
The report will be of most interest to researchers and financial institutions aiming to
provide financial support to women entrepreneurs at local and national level.
Key words: women and finance, microfinance, action recommendations, economic

participation, women entrepreneurs, financial systems
Women: The Key to Food Security
Agnes R. Quisumbing, Lynn R. Brown, Hilary S. Feldstein, Lawrence Haddad and

Christine Pena, 1995, pp 19. Available through the International Food Policy Research
Institute
http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/fps/fps21.htm
The report is based on the role of women as farm managers and farm workers and the
underestimation of the economy in their agricultural contribution. Income in the hands
of women contributes more to household food security and child nutrition than income
controlled by men. It focuses on the key role that women play in food security as part
of the design and implementation of effective programs to enhance women’s potential.
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) initiated a research program
called “Strengthening Food Policy through Intrahousehold Analysis” to examine the
processes of family decision making in terms of resource allocations in households. It
aims to inform the design and implementation of more effective food policy by taking
into account how women’s access to and control over productive resources, stakes in
development and food security and responses to development incentives differ to those
of men. The report will be of most interest to agricultural researchers and governmental
research groups.
Key words: food security, nutrition, food policy, resources, strategic food development
Women's Nutrition: A Lifecycle Approach
Isatou Jallow Semega-Janneh, 2001, pp 5.

Available through the National Nutrition Agency
http://www.fantaproject.org/downloads/pdfs/WN_Lifecycle.pdf .
The report is based on the contribution of women, through labour, to food production in
both a household consumption and sale based situation. It focuses on women’s
nutrition due to their multiple roles of reproducing, nurturing, caring and production.
Women’s nutrition is important due to their basic right to food security and good health.
Malnourished women have higher reproductive risks and subsequently poorer
pregnancy outcomes. Child survival and development is influenced by the caring
capacity of the mother, which is diminished by poor health, and nutritional status of the
mother. Undernourished mothers are less productive which has an economical
implication linked to household food security. In Sub-Saharan Africa women tend to
enter pregnancy undernourished, anemic and deficient of micronutrients. With the
infant born undernourished it start with a disadvantage to life with continues through
childhood and adolescence. If a female adolescent enters womanhood and pregnancy
malnourished and the cycle continues. This report is of interest to women, educators,
economists, development experts, policy makers and implementing agents.
Key words: women's nutrition, malnourished women, economic implications
Unsafe Schools: A Literature Review of School-Related Gender-Based Violence

in Developing Countries
Wellesley Centres for Research on Women and Development & Training Services, 2003,
pp 158.
Available through USAID Office of Women in Development
http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC13847.htm (Accessed 09/05).
The report is based on the review instigated by USAID’s Office of Women in

Development to identify, annotate and synthesize research studies and
projects/interventions addressing primary and secondary school-related gender-based
violence (SRGBV). It focuses on the evidence of prevailing school-related gender-based
violence in developing countries, the provision of subsequent discussion on the
consequences of school-related gender-based violence in terms of student health and
educational outcomes and the review of programmatic and policy responses. School-
related gender-based violence in developing countries takes place in the context of
gender inequality and cultural beliefs. Attitudes concerning gender roles on male and
female sexuality, economic inequality, political unrest and violent conflict further
negatively impacts on gender violence. It concludes that school-related gender-based
violence is a widespread barrier to girls’ attaining educational equity causing many
health risks. Addressing power imbalances between men and women becomes central
to preventing gender violence and this process must be deeply rooted in schools. The
report will be of most interest to governmental and national educational bodies.
Key words: gender-based violence, educational equity, gender equity, school-related

economic inequality
Mobilising Women's Leadership

World YWCA, 2004, pp20.
Available through the Young Women’s Christian Association
http://worldywca1.org/aids/programmes.html#africa (Accessed 09/05).
The World YWCA unites 25 million women from over 110 countries. World YWCA
members everywhere put their faith into action by striving to build a just society
encompassing gender equality and the full integration of women locally, nationally, and
internationally. Strategic, integrated actions - training, advocacy, development, and
strengthening the movement - aim to improve women's lives, achieve social and
economic justice, ensure human rights, and restore the integrity of the planet. Each
local YWCA is an autonomous community-based nongovernmental organization. As a
non-profit membership association, each YWCA is run by and for women of the
community and their families. YWCA programmes and services vary according to the
needs of the women in the community. YWCA work can include leadership training,
hostels for young women in need of housing, income-generating projects, health
programmes, shelters for victims of violence, vocational skills training, development
projects, and organizing to promote women's rights.
Key words: women's leadership, women decision makers, HIV/AIDS mobilization,

justice, and leadership
Gender Equality and Disaster Risk Reduction
8 pp. March 8, 2005. Sálvano Briceño, Director, ISDR Secretariat (Geneva)High-Level

Panel on the Occasion of the International Women’s Day, Commission on the Status of
Women (CSW), New York. Available through ISDR:
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/media-room/statements/stmts-2005-8-march-sb-gender.doc
Key words: Capacity building, community, policy, IGO
Understanding the Disaster-Development Continuum: Gender Analysis is the

Essential Tool
Mary Anderson, 1994. 4 pp. Focus on Gender (now Gender and Development), Vol. 2,
No. 1. Available through Oxfam Publications. This early statement on gender as the
linchpin connecting disasters and development has been widely reproduced as it
provides a concise overview of the key issues and raises concerns taken up by
subsequent generations of researchers and practitioners. An essential analytic piece for
trainers and teachers.
"Development agencies and NGOs are increasingly focusing their attention on

understanding the relationships between disasters and development. This has been
motivated by an increased number of disasters world-wide and a reduction in overall aid
budgets in many donor countries, with an accompanying shift from development
programmes and towards disaster response. Both development and relief workers are
seeking ways to use available relief funds to meet the emergency needs of disaster
victims and support change towards long-term development. One tool which can
contribute significantly to addressing root causes and which can support effective,
efficient and equitable long-term development is gender analysis. The first step in
understanding and preparing to deal with root causes is to analyse why some people
are vulnerable to disasters and others not. Often an understanding of vulnerability and
the development of strategies for overcoming it can be advanced through gender
analysis. Women tend to be more vulnerable than men, as they have limited access to
resources and are poorly paid. Traditional expectations and home-based responsibilities
limit women's mobility and opportunities for political involvement, education, information,
etc. Understanding their vulnerability allows an insight into strategies to deal with the
causes rather than the symptoms. It also helps to identify the ways in which men are
vulnerable. The failure to identify gendered roles, and to plan programmes with them in
mind, has resulted in the inequitable delivery of disaster relief assistance and
inadequate attention to the potential long-term outcomes of short-term interventions."
(abstract from Gender and Emergency Annex)
Key words: Gender analysis, vulnerability, development
Women and Children First: Introducing a Gender Strategy Into Disaster

Preparedness
Mary Myers. 3 pp. 1994. An early statement of the issues with guiding questions for
practitioners about gender and vulnerability assessment, planning, institutional
frameworks, information systems, resource base, warning systems, response
mechanisms, public education, and drills. Originally developed as a training module for
use in the UN Disaster Management Training Programme of UNDP, 1992. First
published in the Oxfam journal Focus on Gender (now Gender and Development), Vol.
2, No. 1.
Key words: gender analysis, practice guide, vulnerability, training, IGO
Regional Perspectives on Gender and Disaster Risk Reduction
2004, 39 pp. Participants attending the 2004 Honolulu workshop on Gender Equality and Disaster
Risk Reduction were asked to develop a one-page set of observations about regional issues and
possibilities for gendering the disaster risk reduction agenda. Taken as a whole, these provide an
excellent ‘state of the art’ insight into the challenges ahead. Available through the Honolulu
workshop website:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/pdf/WorkingGroups/COMMENTARIES.pdf
Key words: Conference report, cross hazard, gender analysis, policy, practice, regional
perspectives, gender issues
From women's needs to women's rights in disasters
3 pp. 2001. Elaine Enarson and Maureen Fordham. Environmental Hazards 3: 133-136.
The authors make the case for moving from a beneficiary model of disaster response to
one based on fundamental human rights in order to begin to address the root causes of
social vulnerabilites such as those based on gender inequalities.
Key words: Cross hazard, human rights, practice, policy, women's rights
Gender issues in disaster response
62 pp. 2000. Kristine Drew. International Programme Advisory and Development Department
(IPADD). British Red Cross Society. International Division.
This comprehensive organizational assessment and review both outlines critical

concerns related to gender in disaster risk management and offers concrete
recommendations for change in IFRC member organizations. Readers will find a useful
discussion of UN organizational initiatives toward gender mainstreaming, factors
constraining this and opportunities for change. This case study stands as a model for
other needed organizational self-assessments in addition to providing a good
introduction to key gender issues in practice.
Available through CRID: http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/eng/doc12927/doc12927.htm
Key words: INGO, gender analysis, emergency management, practice guide, policy,
IFRC, risk management, UN
Women in Emergencies
March 1997. Published by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Now somewhat dated, these short pieces (1-2 pp.) are an excellent blend of analysis
and description, very useful for contextualizing the study of gender relations in natural
disasters. The scope is international. Among others:
Forward. Yasushi Skashi, Under-Secretary General

Cassandra’s prophecies. Luisa Ballin
Shattered innocence. Carol Bellamy
Refugee women: their strength in exile. Julie Bissland
Single fighters in extreme situations. Annette Blettner
Equal opportunities for women field workers. Sara Davidson
Community life and disaster reduction. Natalie Domeisen
Backbone of rural economy. B. Jommo
Cyclones: The Days After, R. Kabir
Food management: women’s competence. Els Kocken
The private and the public. Elenor Richter-Lyonette
Disaster management, women: an asset or liability? D. Pastizzi- Ferencic
Kabul’s fears. Jean-Fabrice Pietri
Convoy to Baghdad. Mounira Skandrani
The needs and potential of women in emergencies. Katarina Toll
Rwandese women during the emergency. Patrizia Tola
An invisible force across all borders. Vanessa Vasic Janekovic
The rule of law applies to w men. Patricia Viseur-Sellers
Clothes for peace. Magda Ninanaber Van Eyben
Articles available from UN OCHA website:

http://www.reliefweb.int/OCHA_ol/pub/dhanews/issue22/index.html
Key words: Cross hazard, IGO, gender analysis
Women and Children: Keys to Prevention
A widely cited compilation of short statements from the field. Vol. 24, No. 13 of the
IDNDR publication Stop Disasters, 1995. These are very short pieces useful for training
or community education, often illustrated and framed with first-person quotations or
vignettes.
Contents:
Women and children: keys to prevention. Olavi Elo
Bangladesh: surviving the cyclone is not enough. Royeka Kabir
Saving lives after disaster strikes. Rosemary Fieth
Rootwords from the Caribbean
Turkey: what makes women act. Nuray Kuranci

Expanding women’s participation in disaster prevention and mitigation: some
approaches from Latin America and the Caribbean. Helena Molin Valdés
Women and disaster management. PAHO
Post-disaster initiatives in traditional society: Armenian women after ‘Spitak’

earthquake. Ayvazova R.A.and B.V. Mehrabian.
Tracking nutrition in disaster-prone areas, Mihir Bhatt
Key words: Children, preparedness, cross hazard, practice, health, mitigation,

response, emergency management, narrative, women
International Conference Recommendations 1994-2004
A series of conferences in the past two decades have brought together survivors practitioners,
policy-makers and academics to consider common ground between women in disaster contexts as
identify significant cultural and regional differences in approach. Each conference has resulted in a
number of action-oriented recommendations addressing concerns that are both general and specific.
In preparation for the 2004 Gender Equality and Disaster Risk Reduction Workshop in Honolulu, a
set of past recommendations from conferences in Pakistan, British Columbia, Miami, and Ankara
were consolidated to help participants avoid ‘recreating the wheel.’ These are available on the
workshop webpage through the University of Hawaii:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/pages/proceeding.html
Key words: Conference report, policy, practice, all hazard, multi-hazard, gender
analysis, women's group, emergency management, grassroots
Outcomes from the Symposium on Women in Emergencies and Disasters,

Queensland AU
9 pp. Summary of gender issues in Queensland and the involvement of the Women’s
Policy Unit in gender and disaster issues. This account and a number of the papers
presented at this conference were published by the Australian Journal of Emergency
Management, Vol. 4, Summer, 1994.
Key words: Conference report, research, gender analysis, policy, practice
2001 UN Division For The Advancement Of Women, Expert Working Group

Perspective. Report of the Expert Group Meeting. Ankara, Turkey, 6-9 November 2001.
United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW)
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/env_manage/index.html
Final report
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/env_manage/documents/EGM-Turkey-final-
report.pdf
Background papers:
EGM/NATDIS/2001/BP.1 -- Environmental Management and Disaster Risk Reduction: A

Gender Perspective [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Shubh Kumar-Range, 4 November 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/BP.2 - Results of the On-line Discussion on Gender Equality,

Environmental Management and Natural Disaster Mitigation [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Elaine Enarson, 16 November 2001
Papers by observers
EGM/NATDIS/2001/OP.2 -- Gender and Environment: Lessons to Learn [ in PDF

format ]
Prepared by Irene Dankelman
EGM/NATDIS/2001/OP.3 -- Responding to Earthquakes: People's Participation in

Reconstruction and Rehabilitation [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Prema Gopalan
EGM/NATDIS/2001/OP.4 -- The ILO Response to Natural Disasters [ in PDF format ]

Prepared by Jayasankar Krishnamurty
EGM/NATDIS/2001/OP.5 -- Participatory Disaster Management Programme [ in PDF

format ]
Prepared by Man B. Thapa
Papers by experts
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.1 -- Gender Mainstreaming Guidelines for Disaster Management

Programmes - A Principled Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis (SEAGA) Approach [ in
PDF format ]
Prepared by Angus Graham, 22 October 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.2 -- Tools for Change: Emergency Management for Women [ in

PDF format ]
Prepared by Lynn Orstad, 22 October 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.3 -- Environmental Management and Natural Disasters

Mitigation: Middle Eastern Gender Perspective [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Samia Galal Saad, Ph.D., 22 October 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.4 -- Women's Human Rights in Disaster Contexts: How can

CEDAW help? [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Feride Acar and Gamze Ege, 25 October 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.5 -- Challenging Boundaries: A gender perspective on early

warning in disaster and environmental management [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Maureen Fordham, 26 October 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.6 -- Women's Technological Innovations and Adaptations for

Disaster Mitigation: A Case Study of Charlands in Bangladesh [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Mahjabeen Chowdhury, 1 November 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.7 -- Risk management: an alternative perspective in gender

analysis [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Nora Sequeira Munoz, 6 November 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.8 -- Earthquake mitigation from a gender perspective in Armenia

[ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Armine Mikayelyan, 31 October 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.9 -- The Relevance of Considering a Gender Perspective in

Damage Assessment and Recovery Strategies. A Case Study in El Salvador, Central
America. [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Angeles Arenas Ferriz, 26 November 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.10 -- Integration of public administration and the science of

disasters [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Corazon Alma de Leon, 6 November 2001
EGM/NATDIS/2001/EP.11 -- Grassroots Women’s Collectives – Roles in post – disaster
effort: potential for sustainable partnership and good governance (Lessons learned from
the Marmara Earthquake in Turkey) [ in PDF format ]
Prepared by Sengül Akçar, 7 November 2001
Key words: All hazards, policy, practice, conference, IGO
2004 Honolulu Workshop On Gender Equality And Disaster Risk Reduction.
Short commentaries from participants written from a regional perspective on links

between gender and disaster risk reduction are available on the workshop website:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/gdwwebsite/pdf/workinggroups/commentaries.pdf
Break out session summaries and other materials are also available on the conference
proceedings website as are the papers below.
Sara Ahmed, The Gendered Context of Vulnerability: Coping / Adapting to Floods in

Eastern India [Ahmed_floods.pdf]
Madhavi Ariyabandu, Women: the risk managers in natural disasters [Ariyabandu.pdf]
Jodhah Bokhari, International Symposium on Community Based Approaches for

Integrated Water Resources Management, Islamabad, February 16-17, 2004 [Bokhari
2004.pdf]
Sarah Bradshaw, Brian Linneker, and Rebecca Zúniga, Social Roles and Spatial
Relations of NGOs and Civil Society: Participation and Effectiveness in Central America
Post Hurricane ‘Mitch.’ [Bradshaw et al..pdf]
Sarah Bradshaw, Reconstructing Roles and Relations: a gendered analysis of women’s

participation in reconstruction in post-Mitch Nicaragua (draft). [Bradshaw.pdf]
Sarah Bradshaw, Exploring the gender dimensions of reconstruction processes in post-

hurricane Mitch (draft). [Bradshaw_DSApaper.pdf]
Catalina Fratalocchi, La Mujer y El Mercado De Trabajo [Fratalocchi1.pdf]
Catalina Fratalocchi and Isabel Barros, Diagnostico de la Situacion de la Mujer en la

ciudad de Rosario [Barros & Fratalocchi.pdf]
Catalina Fratalocchi, La trabajadora industrial en los procesos de reconverción

[Fratalocchi_Ina.pdf]
A. Nuray Karanci et al. 2003, Psychological Distress and Growth Among the Survivors
of the 1999 Marmara Earthquake (presentation) [Karanci_Marmara.pdf]
A. Nuray Karanci, N. Alkan, B. Aksit, H. Sucuoglu, and E. Balta, Gender differences in

psychological distress, coping, social support, and related variables following the 1995
Dinar (Turkey) earthquake [Karanci et al 99.pdf]
A. Nuray Karanci and Bahattin Aksit, Observations on the Social and Psychological
Aspects of the 1 May 2003 Bingöl Earthquake [Karanci.pdf]
Stuart Katwikirize, World Vision International, Understanding Resettlement Capacities

and Vulnerabilities of Displaced Male and Female Headed Households: A Case of Three
Camps in Northern Uganda [Katwikirize.pdf]
Kathy Lynn, Community Capacity and Wildfire Protection: Indicators of rural, low
capacity communities [Lynn indicators.pdf]
Kathy Lynn, Center for Watershed and Community Health Community Capacity and
Wildfire Protection Program – Annual Report [Lynn.annual report.pdf]
Ngo Cong Chinh, Save the Children, Effects of Natural Disasters on Children: The issue
of child drowning in the Mekong delta and Central Vietnam [Chinh.pdf]
Prafulla Mishra, Resources and Strategies for Engendering Disaster Risk Reduction
[Mishra.pdf]
Lynn Orstad, Tools for Change: Emergency Management for Women
SWEET, Helen Khanom Mukta and Paul Saha, 3 Stories of Lessons Learned [SWEET.pdf]
Dawn Tuiloma-Palesoo Sua, Rice, Grain, and Disaster Relief [Tuiloma-Palesoo Sua.pdf]
Key words: Conference, all hazards, policy
Disasters: The Woman's Perspective
10 pp. Illustrated. January 2002 publication of Soroptimist International. SI members go

beyond fundraising for emergency relief to advocacy and information exchange in this
initiative, inspired in part by the attacks in the US on September 11, 2001. Short
descriptions are provided of the activities of local chapters in many regions around:
wars and other man-made disasters; natural disasters; Local Agenda 21 support;
environmental management; and building peace among children. Of particular interest
are the activities of groups from Greece, Antigua, Mozambique, the Philippines, Turkey,
and Wales in response to natural disasters.
Available through SI: www.sorop.org or sorophq@dial.pipex.com
Key words: women's groups, INGO
Gender and Disaster Network
An educational project initiated by women and men interested in gender relations in

disaster contexts. Since its origins in the 1997 Natural Hazards Center workshop at the
University of Colorado, the GDN has expanded to include over 300 international
members, including institutions, NGOs and individuals from around the world. The GDN
• maintains a website with information and resource links, currently maintained by
GDN member Maureen Fordham through Northumbria University, UK
• manages a listserv to promote information exchange, currerently maintained by
GDM member Sudha Arlikatti through Texas A & M University.
• maintains and updates a bibliography on the topic, currently maintained by GDN
member Elaine Enarson
• coordinates the expertise of experts for projects such as the Sourcebook
• coordinates the international Mary Fran Myers Gender and Disaster award
recognizing individuals or organizations promoting gender equality in disaster risk
reduction
• organizes an annual gender caucus at the Natural Hazards Workshop, University
of Colorado
• produces an annual poster of recent GDN member activities, currently developed
by GDN members Kathy Lynn with John Sorenson and Barbara Vogt
To join or learn more, visit the new GDN website: http://www.gdnonline.org
Key words: All hazards, education, advocacy, empowerment, policy, practice
Disasters: where does breastfeeding fit in?
Statement prepared by four breastfeeding advocacy groups for the panel discussion on
Environmental Management and mitigation of environmental disasters: a gender
perspective conducted by the Commission on the Status of Women, March 2002.
Available through La Leche League International:
http://www.lalecheleague.org/advocacy/unstatement.html
Key words: Policy, practice, health

Neighbourhood Emergency Networks in Corvallis, Oregon and Uzhhorod,
Ukraine
Women’ s groups in Ukraine, Poland, United States collaborated in this project to

increase citizen participation in civic life and develop stronger democratic institutions by
fostering neighborhood-level coalitions to address local problems. Building on women’s
neighborhood-level networks and an existing “sister city” arrangement, the project
involved peer exchanges, assessments, skills development, and training between
women’s groups in the US and Ukraine. For a full description of the project and
documention papers and photos, visit the project website:
http://oregonstate.edu/international/oird/ukr_network/index.htm
In addition, a power point presentation on this project by Associate Director Naomi

Weidner, prepared for the 2004 Gender Equality and Disaster Risk Reduction Workshop
in Honolulu:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/pages/Presentations/Weidner_prese
ntation.pdf
Key words: US, Ukraine, women's group, preparedness, practice, emergency

management, community, grassroots
Quake relief brings US Muslim women together
2 pp. October 20, 2005. Allison Stevens for Women’s Enews. “During Ramadan, Muslim
women in the U.S. have been mustering aid for people hurt by the earthquake in
Pakistan. Some say the experience will bring a diverse community closer together. . .
Quoting one of the American Muslim women involved in fundraising for emergency relief
in Pakistan: "Have we stepped up to our own leadership capacity?. . . The answer is no,
we have not stepped out and organized ourselves as women . . . I certainly think that
we are going to be more in touch and more organized, just because this has forced it.
Therefore it will help us organize in a sustainable fashion, not just when there's a crisis."
This exemplifies the “window of opportunity” for change that disastrous events make
possible. Available through Women’s eNews:
http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2496/context/archive
Key words: Mediau, grassroots, US, Pakistan, earthquake
Gendering Sphere
Following on the recommendations of users, the standards and practices proposed by

the international SPHERE project were revised and made more gender sensitive. More
attention is now paid in every section to cross-cutting social groups such as people
living with disabilities or HIV/AIDS and to older people and women. In addition, the
human rights of women and men are an explicit foundational perspective. Gender is
seen as a cross-cutting issue and gender analysis proposed as mean to assess gender
vulnerabilities, impacts, needs and capabilities to achieve gender-fair practice
throughout the emergency relief and long-term rehabilitation process.
Source: http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?ID=2212
Key words: practice guide, gender analysis, emergency management
Prevention of Natural Disasters: An Examination of Water and Deforestation

Challenges
2002, 6 pp. Statement prepared by Human Rights Advocates, Inc. for the 46th Session
of the Commission on the Status of Women examining gender equality, disaster risk
reduction and environmental management. Argues for a precautionary rather than
reactionary approach. Critique of global trade policies that undermine women’s human
rights and put them at increased risk in the event of natural disasters due to
environmental degradation.
Available through UN CSW:
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/248/84/IMG/N0224884.pdf?
OpenElement
Key words: IGO, women's group, human rights, cross hazard, gender analysis,
deforestation, environmental degradation
Gender Issues and Best Practices in Land Administration Projects
R Giovarelli, S Lastarria-Cornhiel, E Katz and Sue Nicols.2005, 78 p. Available through the

World Bank Group
http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/ardext.nsf/11ByDocName/
GenderIssuesandBestPracticesinLandAdministrationProjectsaSynthesisReportPDF/
$FILE/Gender_land_fulltxt.pdf (Accessed 09/05).
The report is a synthesis of information from four case studies of the World Bank-
financed land programs in Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Ghana and Lao People’s Democratic
Republic. It focuses on the understanding of how the impact of land policies affect
women and men and how to apply the knowledge gained in practical ways to World
Bank supported land projects. Each case study is approached with the eye on how each
project approached gender issues, what the different gender issues are in terms of
projects participation and benefits and what lessons can be learned from the various
experiences. It will be of most interest to researchers interested in land administration
projects and policy makers and governmental groups linked to best practice principles.
Key words: gender, best practice, land administration projects, and land rights,
communication
International Federation of Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies
Among their other documents are these written to promote gender-sensitive

humanitarian assistance:
Bangladesh Red Crescent Society: The Recruitment of Female Volunteers to Respond to

Disasters
17 pp. 1999. Presents the strategy adopted by the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society on
recruiting female volunteers in its disaster management programme. Available in
English for postal costs only from the IFRC:
Working With Women in Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes. Field

Studies Paper 2.
22 pp. 1991. Highlights the particular needs of women who have experienced various
violent situations such as rape and armed conflict. Offers a brief background and some
basic recommendations useful in both planning and running of relief and rehabilitation
programmes. Available for postal costs only in English, French, Spanish, Arabic from
the IFRC: http://www.ifrc.org/publicat/catalog/autogen/0097.asp
Dignity for all: respect for women

22 pp. 1995. It is not usually women who generate the fearful, violent climate that
prompts people to flee their homes. Yet, more women are forced out than men. This
brochure, produced to coincide with World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day, focuses on
various situations in which many women find themselves: rape, detention, coping after
disasters, displaced and maimed. Contains photos and quotes from women who are in
these situations. Available for postal costs only in English, French, Spanish, Arabic from
the IFRC: http://www.ifrc.org/publicat/catalog/autogen/2619.asp
Key words: IGO, cross hazard, practice, emergency rseponse, women professional,
public education
Oxfam
A leader in gender-sensitive approaches to development and relief, Oxfam continues to

take the lead toward gender mainstreaming in disaster preparedness, response and
recovery. Among their many useful resources, see:
The well-known Oxfam Handbook of Development and Relief, Vol 1-3 with chapters and
subsections on gender;
Development and Gender journal with special issues related to women, the
environment, emergencies, humanitarian work, and climate change;
Links, a gender and development newsletter which often offers practical field guidance
about gendering relief and development work
Statement by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against

Women on the 2004 Tsunami
1 page. Adopted by CEDAW at its 32nd session, January 28 2005. Strong call for the
protection of the “safety and dignity of survivors” with special attention to prevention of
gender-based violence. Also calls for a UN reolution on gender equality in disaster
response and humanitarian assistance.On-line:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/c-recent-stats/Tsunami.statement%20with
%20design.pdf
Key words: IGO, gender violence, gender analysis, practice, human rights
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task Force on Gender
The IASC Gender TF meets monthly and is co-chaired by OCHA and WHO. Among the
many publications produced with input from a wide range of UN organizations are the
following (described more fully in the Checklist section):
Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings [2005]
Gender and Humanitarian Assistance Resource Kit, 1999 (included many documents
and guidelines referenced in the Checklist section of the Sourcebook)
Key Gender Issues in the South Asia Earthquake Response
Coming soon! A Handbook On Gender Mainstreaming In Humanitarian Action. Currently

under development for release in 2006. A sample chapter on Education appears in the
Sourcebook Sampler. An informational flyer is available that further describes this very
significant new tool (see Communication).
Key words: IGO, practice guide, gender violence, policy
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction [IDNDR]

The IDNDR spearheaded the UN’s growing attention to the gender dimensions of
disasters and particularly to the ways women and children can and do contribute to risk
reduction at the local level. Among others, see:
Summaries and Analysis: Report on 1995 Day for IDNDR: Women and Children: Key to
Prevention. Available from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs, 1996.
Stop Disasters —Women and Children: Keys to Prevention. A widely cited compilation of
short statements from the field (see Gender and Disaster section and foundational
papers).
Key words: Practice, IGO, gender analysis, cross hazard, children
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [ISDR]
The IDNDR spearheaded the UN’s growing attention to the gender dimensions of
disasters and particularly to the ways women and children can and do contribute to risk
reduction at the local level. Among others, see:
Summaries and Analysis: Report on 1995 Day for IDNDR: Women and Children: Key to
Prevention. Available from the Department of Humanitarian Affairs, 1996.
Stop Disasters —Women and Children: Keys to Prevention. A widely cited compilation of
short statements from the field (previously cited).
IDNDR director Sávano.Briceño speaks out on gender issues, for example in these
venues:
Gender mainstreaming in disaster reduction. 2001.Statement for the UN Commission

for the Status of Women [46th session) panel discussion on Environmental Management
and Mitigation of Natural Disasters: a Gender Perspective. Available through DAW:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw46/panel-briceno.pdf
Gender equality and disaster risk reduction. 2004. Statement to the UN Commission on
the Status of Women for International Women’s Day. Available through ISDR:
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/media-room/statements/stmts-2005-8-march-sb-
gender.doc
The IDNDR helped develop and promote the 2001 UN DAW Expert Working Group
meeting on gender and disaster risk reduction as well as the 2004 Honolulu workshop
on the topic. A dedicated gender page is also maintained on their website:
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/risk-reduction/gender/rd-gender-eng.htm
In addition to previously cited publications on the gender page, see Natalie Domeisen,
IDNDR Promotion Officer, 1997: The Role of Women in Protecting Communities from
Disasters http://www.disaster-info.net/crid/eng/info/idndrgen.htm
Key words: IGO, cross hazard, conference, gender analysis, practice, policy,
emergency management
International Labour Organisation
Key words: IGO, livelihood, complex emergency, cross hazard, gender analysis,
practice, policy, research
UN Division for the Advancement of Women
Key words: IGO, conference, cross hazard, policy
UN Food and Agriculture Organization
With its strong gender and development focus, the FAO has shown leadership in the
gendering of humanitarian relief work in complex emergencies and disasters. Examples
include:
Field level handbook of socio-economic and gender analysis (SEAGA) Programme.

Available through FAO: http://www.fao.org/sd/seaga/downloads/En/FieldEn.pdf
Gender perspectives on the conventions on biodiversity, climate change and

desertification. Gender and Development Service. UN
FAO, Gender and Population Division:
http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_041002_en.htm
Emergency and rehabilitation programmes: does gender matter? 6 pp summary of FAO

activities in this area with valuable profiles, links, project descriptions, and
recommendations. Available through FAO:
http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/docs/pe1_050102d1_en.pdf
Passport to mainstreaming a gender perspective in emergency programmes: key

analytic questions for designing gender-sensitive humanitarian operations. Available
through FAO: http://www.fao.org/sd/seaga/downloads/En/passporten.pdf
Guidelines on socio-economic and gender analysis in emergency and rehabilitation
programmes. Available through FAO:
http://www.fao.org/sd/seaga/downloads/En/EmergencyGuidelinesEn.pdf
Gender and food security project: : http://www.fao.org/gender/high-e.htm
Key words: IGO, livelihood, food security, cross hazard, capacity building, practice,
policy
UN Family Planning Agency
Eight short features profile the UN Family Planning Agency’s areas of work six months
after the Indian Ocean tsunami. Their work is consistently gender-focused and
emphasizes early and consistent attention in the recovery process to the health needs
of girls and women and reproductive health concerns.
• Reproductive health for the displaced

• Restoring basic services
• Family planning
• Hygiene kits
• Psychosocial counselling
• Skills training for women
• Census
• "We don't know what to do"
These short profiles let women speak for themselves, identify key issues, and describe
planned responses on these and related topics.
Available through UNFPA: http://www.unfpa.org/news/news.cfm?ID=635
Key words: IGO, tsunami, health, children, research
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
OCHA has a strong and growing interest in gender-sensitive relief and takes a lead role
on the UN’s Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task Force on Gender and
Humanitarian Assistance (see below).
Among OCHA’s other resources, see their gender mainstreaming initiative, the Gender
Equality Tool Kit : http://ochaonline.un.org/webpage.asp?MenuID=9897&Page=1965
Key words: IGO, emergency response, cross hazard, capacity building, mainstreaming
UNIFEM
UNIFEM’s proactive gender approach is illustrated in the case of the Indian Ocean
tsunami, for example in this strong statement by Executive Director Noeleen Heyzer:
Women Must be at the Heart of Rebuilding Shattered Communities:

http://www.unifemsingapore.org.sg/unifemnews2/hq_jul_05.htm
See also the attention accorded gender approaches to tsunami relief and recovery in
the four papers posted on the UNIFEM website (UNifem Affairs, July 2005):
http://www.unifemsingapore.org.sg/unifemnews2/say_jul_05.htm
Mainstreaming Gender in Unstable Environments. (previously cited) is an early

contribution from UNIFEM to gender mainstreaming in disaster response and recovery:
Key words: IGO, gender analysis, practice, policy
UNDP
Many projects exemplify the strong gender equality programs undertaken by

UNDP to help prevent and respond to natural disasters.
Two examples from Mexico are:
• Gender and Natural Disasters: A Study of Gender Components in UNDP’s

Disaster Management Programmes and Projects in South Asia (cited earlier)
• The Construction of Risk from A Gender Perspective: Concepts and
Methodologies (cited earlier)
From South Asia:
• Gender and Natural Disasters: A Study of Gender Components in UNDP’s Disaster

Management Programmes and Projects in South Asia (cited earlier)
Key words: IGO, practice, cross hazard, research
UNICEF
UNICEF’s role in humanitarian situations includes special attention to sexual

exploitation and abuse of girls : http://www.unicef.org/emerg/index_exploitation.html
For example, see the UNICEF report (cited earlier) on Sexual and Gender Based
Violence Against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Guidelines for
Prevention and Response.
Key words: IGO, gender violence, girls, practice
World Health Organization
<The WHO strives for gender-aware and women-friendly projects in the field playing a
lead in educating practitioners and policy-makers about gender mainstreaming in this
area. The WHO has a particular emphasis on women’s safety in disaster contexts.
See the WHO dedicated gender page with links to academic resource and reports and
links to related resources and agencies. In particular see the materials below (cited
elsewhere):
Gender and Women’s Health: Women and Disaster
Gender and Women’s Health: Gender-based Violence in Disasters
Challenges to Reproductive Health in Emergencies
Key words: IGO, health, gender violence, reproduction, practice guide, cross hazard
Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis [SEAGA] Guidelines for Emergency and

Rehabilitation Programmes
184 pp. 2001. Produced by the UN Food and Agricultural Organization’s SEAGA
programme and the World Food Program, this excellent mainstreaming resource
provides both general guidance and specific approaches with particular focus on food
security and food policy. Geared to operational staff and managers (and as a
contribution to implementation of the UN Security Council’s Resolution 1325 on women
and armed conflict), the Guidelines offer both policy and practice guidelines. Useful
general information on gender analysis is provided. This document supports the more
practice-oriented Passport to Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Emergency
Programmes - Key Analytical Questions for Designing Gender-Sensitive
Humanitarian Interventions.
Available through FAO: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/ad904e/ad904e00.htm
Key words: Practice, policy, gender analysis, emergency response, recovery
Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings
2005. 100 pp. Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task force on Gender and
Humanitarian Assistance.
Available through
IASC:http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/new/content/subsidi/tf_gender/gbv.asp?
bodydetail=Gender%20and%20Humanitarian%20Assistance&publish=0
Quoting the developers: These guidelines represent joint efforts of all its members and
standing invitees namely: FAO, ICRC, ICVA, IFRC, InterAction, IOM, OCHA, OHCHR,
SCHR, UNICEF, UNDP, UNIFEM, UNHCR, ,UNFPA, WFP, WHO. UNFPA coordinated the
process of developing and publishing the guidelines on behalf of the Task Force. These
Guidelines have been developed to respond to the growing need for effective activities
to prevent and respond to Gender-Based Violence in crises. The purpose of these
Guidelines is to enable communities, governments and cooperating agencies, including
UN Agencies and NGOs, to coordinate the minimum required multi-sectoral response to
Sexual Violence during the early phase of a crisis.
The Guidelines specifically details minimum interventions for prevention and response
to sexual violence to be undertaken in the early stages of an emergency. In addition to
background information, discussion of terminology and sample reporting forms, there
are 25 very specific action sheets in these areas:
• Coordination
• Assessment and monitoring
• Protection
• Human Resources
• Water and Sanitation
• Food Security and Nutrition
• Shelter, Site Planning and NFIs
• Health
• Education
• Information, Education and Communication
Key words: IGO, gender analysis, practice guide, policy, gender-based violence,
standard
Living With Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives
2004. Inter-Agency Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

(UN/ISDR). Written for practitioners and anyone interested in disaster risk reduction,
humanitarian action, and sustainable development, this 2004 edition features examples
of action taken by individuals, communities, and governments around the world to
avoid and reduce the risks and impacts of natural and technological hazards. It provides
an overview of the evolution of the understanding of risk and disaster management;
explores the concepts of risk and vulnerability; offers lessons on how to reduce risk and
vulnerability to hazards; and discusses the importance of knowledge exchange and
information management. Free online extracts are available at
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-lwr-2004-eng.htm.
Useful information highlighting the role of local and disaster-affected women’s groups is
included, for example in Section 3.4 on Community Action. Available through ISDR:
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/basic_docs/LwR2004/ch3%20Section%204.pdf
ISBN 92-1-101050-0. 2004. Vol. I: 454 pp., Vol. II (Annexes): 130 pp. $95.00 for
both volumes. Available from the UN Inter-Agency Secretariat for the International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Palais des Nations CH 1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland;
+41 22 917 2762/2759; e-mail: isdr@un.org; http://www.unisdr.org/.
Key words: IGO, technological hazard, training and education, policy, practice,
sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian assistance, natural
hazard, community participation, women's groups
Challenges to reproductive health in emergencies
Wilma Doedens (WHO) and Kate Burns (UN HCR), 2001. 12 pp. Thematic issue of the
newsletter Health in Emergencies. Provides an excellent survey of critical reproductive
health issues facing both women and men, with special attention to sexual and gender-
based violence, safe motherhood in crises. Provides users with links to key documents
and resources in the area. Available through Department of Emergency and
Humanitarian Action, World Health Organization:
http://www.who.int/hac/about/en/7099.pdf
Key words: Health, gender-based violence, practice, IGO, reproductive health, men,
women
Gender and Health in Disasters
World Health Organization, Department of Gender and Women’s Health, July 2002. 4 pp.
Source: http://www.who.int/gender/other_health/en/genderdisasters.pdf
World Health Organization fact sheets provide succinct introductions to key health
concerns in disasters from a gendered perspective, including recommendations and
resources. The short length makes them useful for work with practitioners and in
community education.
Gender and Heatlh is very useful for the clear presentation of basic information and
perspectives, including key definitions, the interactions of biological and social factors,
gender roles of men in disasters, risk perception, gendered impacts including violence
and psychosocial effects, and gender issues in relief systems. Concluding
recommendations are offered about knowledge gaps and research needs, and about the
implications of the gender patterns reviews for programmes and policies. Users are also
referred to the WHO webpage for more policy statements with general guidelines and
links to additional resources, particularly Gender and Women’s Health: Women and
Disaster and Gender and Women’s Health: Gender-based Violence in Disasters.
Key words: Training, IGO, health, vulnerability, practice, policy, cross hazard, gender-
based violence, research
OCHA's Policy on Gender Equality
Policy statement from the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs with
attention to gender-fair approaches to humanitarian response, information management
and analysis, evaluation, and advocacy. Frames the organizational initiative towards
gender-aware and gender-fair policy development, program planning and
implementation including the OCHA Gender Equality Tool Kit and related materials.
Available through OCHA:
http://ochaonline.un.org/HumanitarianIssues/GenderEquality/GenderPolicy/tabid/1190/l
anguage/en-US/Default.aspx
Key words: IGO, policy, gender analysis, humanitarian response, gender equality,
toolkit
Gender Equality Tool Kit, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian

Affairs
The Tool Kit provides much needed guidance on the step-by-step process of integrating
gender perspective into humanitarian assistance. Each “tool” can be used separately to
advantage in trainings. The Tool Kit is a comprehensive stand-alone document on
gender mainstreaming but also a very practical tool for gendering disaster risk
management.
Available through OCHA: http://ochaonline.un.org/webpage.asp?

MenuID=9897&Page=1965
The areas covered include:
General tools for all OCHA staff
1. Definitions related to gender equality

2. International mandates related to gender equality
3. Using a gender perspective improves humanitarian assistance
4. Frequently asked questions on gender mainstreaming in
humanitarian assistance
Tools for humanitarian response and coordination
1. Responsibilities of gender mainstreaming in the Humanitarian

Coordinator’s terms of reference
2. Responsibilities and potential initiatives for OCHA field offices
relating to gender mainstreaming
3. Terms of reference for field/branch gender focal points
Tools for information management and analysis
1. Engendering a situation report

2. Checklist for strengthening gender mainstreaming in the CAP
3. Sources and types of documents on gender issues to be included
in the Humanitarian Information Centres
Tools of particular interest include:
Gender Tool # 3:
FAQ on Gender Mainstreaming in Humanitarian Assistance:
http://ochaonline.un.org/DocView.asp?DocID=3645
Gender Tool # 4:
Responsibilities and potential initiatives for OCHA field officers relating to gender
equality:
Gender Tool # 8:
Engendering a Situation Report:
Key words: IGO, policy, practice guide, cross hazard, training, vulnerability
assessment, toolkit, humanitarian assistance, gender equality, gender mainstreaming,
disaster risk management
Mainstreaming Gender in the Humanitarian Response to Emergencies
1999. Follow up document to the Beijing Conference of 1995 and 1998 meetings of
ECOSOC about humanitarian relief. Lays the framework for subsequent initiatives and
publications in this area by the IASC Working group on Gender and Humanitarian
Assistance.
This paper provides a summary overview of the differential impact of emergencies and
crisis situations on women and girls, men and boys.
http://www.reliefweb.int/ocha_ol/pub/iasc/IASC%20gender.htm
Key words: response, gender analysis, practice, policy, humanitarian assistance, boys,
women, girls, men
Recommendations for Contraceptive Care in Emergencies
2 pp. Pan American Health Organization. Contact: Fernando Amado

(amadofer@paho.org)
Available through PAHO: http://www.paho.org/english/ped/te_snant.htm
Key words: IGO, health, sexuality, response, practice
Recommendations for the Prevention and Care of Cases of Domestic Violence

and Violence in Temporary Shelters or Refuges During Emergencies
Pan American Health Organization, 2 pp. Available through PAHO:

http://www.paho.org/english/ped/te_snant.htm or contact Fernando Amado
(amadofer@paho.org)
Key words: IGO, health, gender-based violence, relief, practice

Passport to Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Emergency Programmes:
Key Analytical Questions for Designing Gender-Sensitive Humanitarian
Interventions
Food and Agricultural Organization and World Food Programme, 2003. 36 pp. Available
in Arabic, Chinese, French, Portuguese, and Spanish from the FAO:
http://www.fao.org/sd/2002/PE1202_en.htm.
Developed by the FAO and the WFP in conjunction with related materials, the
“passport” is a planning tool geared to local residents, community groups, humanitarian
relief organizations and others. A series of key assessment questions are posed to
encourage gender-sensitive data collection and analysis as the basis for designing and
implementing gender-sensitive interventions. The broad-based, cross-sectoral and
participatory approach adopted makes this an especially useful framework for planning,
implementing and evaluating emergency interventions that serve all people.
Key words: Cross hazard, IGO, practice, policy, gender analysis, planning
Gender Considerations in Disaster Assessment
World Health Organizations, 2005. One page. Summary of key questions to be asked
and answered, prepared by the World Health Organization. An excellent overview that
addresses common areas of concern (e.g. women as carers, specific sanitary supplies)
and also the vulnerability of girls and women to sexual exploitation and abuse. Six basic
principles are put forward. Available through WHO:
http://www.who.int/gender/other_health/en/gwhdisasterassessment.pdf
Key words: IGO, practice guide, vulnerability assessment, cross hazard
Checklist for Integration of Gender and Women's Human Rights
7 pp. 1999. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. The document includes
a wide range of focus areas for establishing if or how well women’s human rights are
recognized, protected and realized. Areas with sample questions include: General
questions on gender integration; Reports and other documents; Legal and conceptual
frameworks (General questions; questions related to needs assessment missions).
Key words: health, practice, human rights, IGO, gender analysis
Gender sensitive practice checklist for organizations
1999. Elaine Enarson. Guide to organizational self-assessment for gender sensitive

emergency management. Available through the GDN:
http://gdnonline.org/resources/gender_sensitive_practice_checklist.doc
Key words: Gender analysis, emergency management, practice, policy
Gender Sensitive Programming by Sector: A Synthesis
2005. Elaine Enarson. Compilation of widely available practice guidelines by sector for
disaster risk management. Available through the GDN:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/gender_sensitive_programming.doc
Key words: Practice guide, policy, gender analysis
Half the world is women but empowerment and environmental progress are
lacking
Starre Vartan. 8 pp. Feature article from emagazine.com that provides a good
international overview of how the everyday living conditions of women and particularly
their roles as environmental resource users and managers fosters increased
vulnerability to natural hazards and disasters. A good introductory piece written in a
casual tone with concrete examples for use in community education or the college
classroom. Available through E Magazine: http://www.emagazine.com/view/?2024&src
Key words: Public education, vulnerability, gender analysis
Rising From the Ashes: Developing Strategies in Times of Disaster
1989. Mary Anderson and Peter Woodrow.. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
Key words: Community, capacity building, recovery, development, gender analysis
Gendering vulnerability analysis: Towards a more nuanced approach
2004. Maureen Fordham. In G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, & D. Hillhorst (Eds.), Mapping

vulnerability: Disasters, development, and people (pp. 174-182). London: Earthscan.
Key words: vulnability, gender analysis, research
The Disproportionate Impact of Natural Disasters on Women: Roundtable

Panel and Discussion
2002, January 17. UN Division for the Advancement of Women event for the NGO
Committee on the Status of Women during the 23rd Special Session of the UN General
Assembly on Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development, and Peace for the 21st
Century.
Available through CSW:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/documents/Natdisas.html
Summaries are available of presentations by:
Muhammed Enayet Mowla, Permament Mission, Bangladesh

Carolyn Hanna, Director, UN DAW
Jan Peterson, Huairou Commission on Women, Homes and Community
Key words: Conference, gender analysis, cross hazard, grassroots
Report of the Task Force on Protection From Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in
Humanitarian Crises
8 pp. 2002. Produced by the task force comprised of members of the Inter-Agency
Standing Committee (IASC) which represents the FAO, OCHA, UNDP, UNFPA,
UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, and WHO as well as standing members (ICRC, ICVA, IFRC,
InterAction, IOM, SCHR, RSG/IDPs, UNHCHR, and the World Bank). The report
evaluates progress toward relief work geared to mitigating gender violence and
responding to those affected both by disaster and violence. Areas of concern are
identified and recommendations made to the IASC in the areas of prevention, response
and management, and implementation.
Key words: IGO, gender violence, cross-hazard, practice, policy, human rights
APR0DEV Background Paper on Gender and Emergencies
5 pp. Hans Zomer. September, 1996. A state-of-the-art summary of how women and
gender concerns are being taken up by European and North American governmental
and nongovernmental organizations. Useful for an historical perspective on the
development of the field. Also an early statement of frustration: “What is needed is not
another set of guidelines, next to those that already exist. What is important, is to
consider existing guidelines and to make sure that such guidelines are in fact workable
in day-to-day humanitarian aid activities in our own organizations. . . ‘Gender and
emergencies’ is not just something of importance in refugee camps and food aid
operations. It is something that challenges our decision-making processes and
structures. . . that may be hard to change.”
Available on-line: http://www.oneworld.org/aprodev/apgend.htm
Key words: Cross hazard, NGOs, policy, practice
The Gendered Terrain Of Disaster: Through Women's Eyes

Elaine Enarson and Betty Hearn Morrow (eds.). 1998. First published by
Greenwood/Praeger. Now available in paperback through the International Hurricane
Center, Florida International University (http://www.fiu.edu/~lsbr) or by contacting the
authors (eenarson@earthlink.net or enarsone@brandonu.ca; betty@bmorrow.com).
Note: Many of the articles are available on-line through CRID (search by chapter:
title)http://www.crid.or.cr/crid/ing/herramientas_bibliograficas_ing.html
Table of contents:
Why gender? Why women? An introduction to women and disaster. Enarson, E. and
Morrow, B. H.
The neglect of gender in disaster work: an overview of the literature. Fothergill, A.
Gender inequality, vulnerability and disaster: issues in theory and research. Bolin R.,
Jackson, M. and Crist, A.
The perspective of gender: a missing element in disaster response. Scanlon, J.
Eve and Adam among the embers: gender patterns after the Oakland/Berkeley
firestorm. Hoffman, S.
A comparative perspective on household, gender, and kinship in relation to disaster.

Wiest R.
‘Men must work and women must weep’: examining gender stereotypes in disasters.
Fordham, M. and Ketteridge, A.
Women and postdisaster stress. Ollenburger, J. and Tobin, G.
Balancing vulnerability and capacity: women and children in the Philippines. Delica, Z.
Gender, disaster, and empowerment: a case study from Pakistan. Bari, F.
Women in bushfire territory. Cox, H.
Floods, they’re a damned nuisance: women’s flood experiences in rural Australia.

Finlay, C.
Disaster prone: reflections of a female permanent disaster volunteer. Barnecut, C.
Women’s disaster vulnerability and response to the Colima earthquake, Vinas Serrat, C.
Gender differentiation and aftershock warning response. O’Brien, P. and Patricia

Atchison, P.
Reflections from a teacher and survivor. Colina, D.
Women Will Rebuild Miami: a case study of feminist response to disaster. Enarson, E.
and Morrow, B.H.
Domestic violence after disaster. Wilson, J., Phillips, B. and Neal, D.
Women in emergency management: an Australian perspective. Robertson, D.
Women’s roles in natural disaster preparation and aid: a Central American view.
Toscani, L.
The role of women in health-related aspects of emergency management: a Caribbean

perspective. Noel, G.
Conclusion: toward gendered disaster policy, practice and research. Enarson, E. and
Morrow, B.H.
Key words: Research, gender analysis, cross hazard
Gender and Catastrophe
Lentin, Ronit (ed.). 1997. London: Zed.
Situates work on famine and flooding in a broader context with additional chapters on
sexual violence, genocide, migration and armed conflicts. In particular see:
Women as famine victim: the figure of woman in Irish famine narratives, Margaret
Kelleher
‘Disasters’ and Bangladeshi Women, Santi Rozario
Key words: Research, development, gender analysis, famine, flooding, complex

emergencies
Women and children in disasters
Anderson, William. 2000. Pp. 85-90 in Alcira Kreimer and Margaret Arnold (eds.),
Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging Economies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Key words: Research, children, vulnerability, cross hazard
The forgotten casualties: women, children, and environmental change
Cutter, Susan. 1995. Global Environmental Change 5 (3): 181-194.
Key words: Gender analysis, children, vulnerability assessment, cross hazard
Women and children last: an essay on sex discrimination in disasters
Rivers, J.P.W. 1982. Disasters 6 (4): 256-267.
Key words: Vulnerability, gender analysis, cross hazard, Russia
Gender and Development
Oxfam Publications [formerly Focus on Gender]. Special editions on four relevant

themes:
Women and the Environment, Oxfam Focus on Gender 1 (1), 1993.
Women and Emergencies, Oxfam Focus on Gender 2 (1), 1994.

Humanitarian Work. Gender and Development 9 (3), 2001.
Climate Change. Gender and Development 10 (2), 2002.
Key words: Research, NGOs, cross hazard, research, practice, policy, livelihood,
community, emergency management
Climate Change
Thematic issue of Focus on Gender Vol. 10, No. 2, July 2002, Rachel Masika, editor.
Climate change variability, impacts and adaptation: why does gender matter? F. Denton
Climate change: learning from gender analysis and women’s experiences of organizing
for sustainable development. I. Dankelman
Protocols, treaties and action: the ‘climate change process’ viewed through gender
spectacles. M. Skutsch
bbKyoto Protocol negotiations: reflections on the role of women. D. Villagrasa
Gender and climate change in Bangladesh. T. Cannon
Uncertain predictions, invisible impacts, and the need to mainstream gender in climate
change adaptations. V. Nelson et al.
Gendering responses to El Nino in rural Peru. R. Rivero Reyes
The Noel Kempff project in Bolivia: gender, power, and decision-making in climate
change adaptations. E. Boyd
Reducing risk and vulnerability to climate change in India: the capabilities approach. M.
Roy and H. D. Venema
Promoting the role of women in sustainable energy development in Africa: networking
and capacity building. T. Makhabane
Transforming power relationships: building capacity for ecological security. M. J. Larson
Resources (publications, electronic, journals, organizations, videos). R. Evans
Key words: research, community, policy, gender analysis
Humanitarian Work
Gender and Development Vol. 9, No. 3, November 2001. Caroline Sweetman, Finota
Gell and Deborah Clifton, editors. Contents include 8 articles touching on armed
conflict, displacement and natural disasters. In particular see:
Saving and protecting lives by empowering women. Deborah Clifton and Fiona Gell
Empowering women through cash relief in humanitarian contexts. Hisham Khogali and
Parmjit Takhar
Reconstructing roles and relations: women’s participation in reconstruction in post-
Mitch Nicaragua. Sarah Bradshaw
Key words: complex emergency, practice, research
Women and Emergencies
Bridget Walker, editor. Vol. 2, No.1, 1994. Gender and Development. Short articles
based largely on NGO field experience. Contents include many articles now considered
classics:
Editorial, Bridget Walker
Understanding the disaster-development continuum: gender analysis is the essential

tool. Mary Anderson
Making good policy into good practice, Pamela Greet
‘Women and children first:’ introducing a gender strategy into disaster preparedness.
Mary Myers
Emergencies and development: ageing with wisdom and dignity, Deborah Eade and
Suzanne Williams
The effects of drought on the condition of women. Wilfred Tichagwa
Testimonies from Zaire, Amby Hussein (trans.)
Emergency food distribution in Turkana: a developmental approach, Isobel Birch
Forty seconds that shook their world: the 1993 earthquake in India, Eileen Maybin
(“Rebuilding shattered lives”) and Manisha Tokle (“Some problems women are facing”)
A disaster-preparedness workshop in Pakistan, from Yasmin Ahmed
Sudanese refugees in Kkoboko: environmental health interventions, Joy Morgan
Women refugees in Bangladesh, Gawher Nayeem Wahra

Saharawi women: ‘between ambition and suffering’, Tina Wallace
Interview: Krishnamurthy Pushpanath
Resources, further reading, news
Key words: Practice, cross hazard, gender analysis
Women and the Environment
Vol. 1, No. 1, 1993. Geraldine Reardon, editor. Contains 13 articles and a resource
pack with book reviews, readings, and training materials. In particular see:
Women in environmental disasters: the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh. Begum, Rasheda.
Enduring the drought: the responses of Zambian women. Palmer, Robin and Hamaundu
Nawina.
Key words: Cross hazard, gender analysis, practice
Crisis, Women and Gender Concerns
Eugenia Date-Bah, International Labour Organisation, February 2002. 35 pp. Available

through ILO:
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/recon/crisis/download/wp7.pdf
Working Paper # 7 in the series from the ILO infocus Programme on Crisis Response
and Reconstruction presents gender-focused papers from a high-level research
consultancy organized in 2002 by the ILO. Included are background documents and
original papers from:
Zenaida G. Delica, Enhancing women’s capacity to manage and recover from disasters
Elaine Enarson, Gender issues in natural disasters: talking points on research needs
Lillian Kimani, Women in conflict and post-war reconstruction
Monica Trujillo, Disaster preparedness: the gender dimension
Importance of Women's Participation in Protection Environment Stressed.
6 pp. June 3, 2002. Commission on the Status of Women, 46th Session, Press Release.
Provides an extensive summary of four presentations to the CSW panel on gender and
environmental management by Idiatou Camara, Guinea’s National Environment
Director, Marie Yolene Surena, Director of Civil Protection in Haiti’s Ministry of Interior,
Salvan Briceno, Director of the UN ISDR, and Elaind Enarson, author and educator. The
subsequent exchanges and discussion are also recorded. The summary is especially
valuable as the first two presentations are as yet only available in French.
Available through the UN:

http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2002/WOW1325.doc.htm
Key words: IGO, community, conference, policy, cross hazard
Why are women more vulnerable during disasters? Violations of women's

human rights in the tsunami aftermath
Asian Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development 2005. 25 pp. Report based on research
conducted following the Civil Society Consultation on Post Tsunami Challenges in
Bangkok, February 13-15 2005. Women’s organizations collaborating in the wake of the
Indian Ocean tsunami undertook to identify the most pressing problems facing women
as they report them, and issue specific recommendations to UN agencies and
humanitarian agencies actively in tsunami relief. The report is distinctive for rich case
material reported and discussed separately by community, and for analysis of the
situation of migrant women’s concerns. Available through APFWLD:
http://www.apwld.org/pdf/tsunami_report_Oct2005.pdf
Key words: Research, gender analysis, human rights, women's group, NGO, tsunami
Promoting gender equality in disaster risk reduction: action recommendations

from gender and disaster conferences
Prepared as background for the 2004 Honolulu workshop, this document draws
together action recommendations from conferences conducted in Central America,
Pakistan, Australia, Canada and the US. Available through the GDN:
http://www.gdnonline.org
Key words: All hazard, multi-hazard, policy, practice, emergency management
Integrating Gender Into Emergency Responses

8 pp. Quarterly issue of Development and Gender In Brief from BRIDGE. Bridget
Walker’s phrase “tyranny of the urgent” originates here, with related articles as well on
coping with famine in Zaire, gender sensitivity in food distribution, and the
rehabilitation of women following conflict in Eritrea. Like all issues of In Brief, these
short, to the point, well - referenced pieces provide a good starting point for discussions
of gender-fair policy and practice.
Available through Bridge: http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC2547.htm
Key words: Complex emergency, gender analysis, practice, cross hazard, development
Through women's eyes: a gendered research agenda for disaster social

science
Elaine Enarson, 1998. Disasters 22 (2): 157-173
Key words: Research, gender analysis
International perspectives on gender and disaster: differences and

possibilities
Enarson, Elaine and Lourdes Meyreles. 2004. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy
14 (10 ): 49-92. The authors review recent publications in English and Spanish to trends and
patterns in the new field. They suggest that research and writing from the poor and affluent regions
is distinct with important questions arising in each. They argue on the basis of the review that work in
the field from developing nations is currently under-represented and under-read but should be
supported as the questions asked and answered are essential. On-line:
http://www.erc.gr/English/d&scrn/murcia-papers/session2/Enarson_Meyreles_II_Original.pdf
Key words: Research, gender analysis
Gender and disaster: foundations and possibilities
Elaine Enarson, Alice Fothergill and Lori Peek. Forthcoming ( 2006 ) in Havidan
Rodriguez, H.L. Quarantelli and R. Dynes (eds.), Handbook of Disaster Research. New
York: Springer.
Key words: Research, policy, practice, gender analysis
Selected Resources on Gender and Disaster

Prepared by E. Enarson for the GDN with annual updates. Aailable through the GDN:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/ee-gdn-biblio-july05.doc
Key words: Research, policy, practice, cross hazard, gender analysis
Gender and Humanitarian Assistance: A Select Annotated Bibliography
1994. Prepared by BRIDGE for US AID. Available through the Institute of Development
Studies: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge/Reports/bb3c.pdf
Key words: Training and education, cross-hazard, complex emergency, research
Integrating Community, Gender and Women's Empowerment Issues Into

Disaster Recovery and Risk Management Operations
June 23 2005. Sponsored by the Hazard Management Unit of the World Bank’s
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD in collaboration with
GROOTS (Grassroots Organizations Operating Together in Sisterhood). Panel
discussions based on case studies of grassroots women’s participation in specific
disaster events internationally. An excellent resource for identifying lessons to be
learned from bad practices and good, and for contacting experts in the field who are
knowledgeable about women’s community work around disasters.
As described by IBRD: This one day course -- combining video, sharing of innovative
NGO practices, and interactive learning among workshop participants -- will explore
strategies for involving affected communities in post-disaster recovery and disaster
mitigation, with an emphasis on recovery strategies following the 2004 tsunami. The
training is presented in collaboration with the Grassroots Organizations Operating
Together in Sisterhood (GROOTS).
Case studies that detail how grassroots women’s groups have participated in specific
disaster events in various countries will anchor the course and support the review of
central themes. In the context of responding to disasters as development rather than
emergency events, the course will analyze and discuss the policy implications of:
• how disasters impact women and men differently,

• how the structure of entitlement and implementation programs can reduce or
preserve inequities, and
• how the disaster recovery process can be used as an opportunity for transferring
decision making, implementation, and resources to poor communities and
promoting gender equitable development over time.
Course Presentations
Introduction and background: Margaret Arnold, Hazard Management Unit

Overview: Sandy Schilen, GROOTS International
Naming Bad Practice: How Affected Communities can be Sidelined by Disaster

Response and Risk Management
Suzanne Shende, Comité de Emergencia de Garifuna, Honduras
Suranjana Gupta, GROOTS International (on behalf of Swayam Shikshan Prayog)
Carmen Griffiths, Construction Resource Development Center, Jamaica
Marilu Sanchez, Estrategia, Peru
Innovative Alternatives: Strategies and Practices that Facilitate Community

Involvement and Women’s Participation
Ana Lucy Bengochea, Comité de Emergencia de Garifuna, Honduras
Carmen Griffiths, Construction Resource Development Center, Jamaica
Roxana Aching, Mujeres Unidas Para Un Pueblo Mejor, Peru
Kala Peiris De Costa, Siyath Foundation, Sri Lanka
Muthu Velayutham Nagamalai, Covenant Centre for Development, Tamil Nadu, India
Mihir Bhatt, Disaster Mitigation Institute, Ahmedabad, India
Applying Lessons Learned to Tsunami-Affected Areas: Local Challenges and

Opportunities in Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka
Kala Peiris De Costa, Siyath Foundation, Sri Lanka
Mihir Bhatt, Disaster Mitigation Institute, Ahmedabad, India
Muthu Velayutham Nagamalai, Covenant Centre for Development, Tamil Nadu, India
and Kasthuri Chandrasekar, Community Leader, Mahakalasm, Tamil Nadu, India
See notice on the website of the IBRD:

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/
EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTDISMGMT/0,,contentMDK:20526842~menuPK:341051
~pagePK:64020865~piPK:51164185~theSitePK:341015,00.html
A Gender Analysis of the Environment and Sustainable Development
Taught by Professor Lorena Aguilar, San Jose Costa Rica of the University for Peace,
this three week course is regularly offered for graduate student credit, covering
technical, methodological and practical concerns, proposal development, gender
analysis in environmental sectors and other issues of interest to gender, development
and disaster researchers and practitioners.
As described on the website: This course is designed to provide technical,

methodological and practical inputs in order to understand the importance of gender
issues for the environmental sector. Throughout the three weeks the students will be
exposed to the major trends that have been used for the incorporation of gender in the
environmental sector. Also, practical skills will be gained in order to mainstream gender
in the project cycle (elaboration of proposals, planning, monitoring and evaluation,
indicators), specific ecosystem analysis from a gender perspective (coastal zones,
forest, watersheds, semiarid and arid zones, protected areas and biodiversity) and
elaboration of gender policies for the environmental sector. Students of the course will
acquire advanced skills in research, data collection and critical analysis in relation to
gender and environment. They will also learn how to successfully write grant proposals,
as well as to design, implement and evaluate a variety of programmes and projects,
based upon a profound knowledge of how to link gender, environment and peace
building processes.
Lecturer: Lorena Aguilar

Professor Lorena Aguilar was born in San José, Costa Rica, in 1960. She received her
Master’s degree in anthropology and was a cultural ecology major at the University of
Kansas. Nine years of work in the field of development and design of public policy
projects in Central America, and eight years actively engaged in the incorporation of
social and gender aspects into the use and conservation of natural resources in
Mesoamerica, account for part of her experience in the field of sustainable and
equitable human development. She is an international advisor to various organizations,
governments and universities in topics related to water, environmental health, and
gender and community participation. Her current position is Senior Gender Advisor to
the World Conservation Union and Regional Coordinator of the Social Area in
Mesoamerica. She has published 20 books and several publications about gender and
environment, environmental health, and public policy involving equity issues.
Who can apply:

The UPEACE short courses for 2006 are for credit at the graduate level. They are open
to professionals who hold at least a first university degree (BA or equivalent) and
preferably have working experiences in areas related to the course topics. Courses are
designed to address the career development needs of professionals who work in
governmental, non-governmental, non-profit and international organizations, as well as
private for profit companies. The courses are also ideal for those who are seeking to
up-date their knowledge on contemporary issues. Since the courses are taught in
English, applicants must provide evidence that they have proficiency in English to
pursue graduate studies.
For more information:

http://www.upeace.org/programmes/courses/intern/descripcion_grupo.cfm?
id_grupo=109
Key words: Costa Rica, training
Recruitment in Humanitarian Work
2 pp. April, 2004. Emily Rogers. Short article from an issue of the Oxfam newsletter
Links that focuses on human resource issues in humanitarian relief work. The article
describes Oxfam’s steps toward reducing traditional practices and policies leading to
male dominance. This and other articles in this issue will interest others also working
for more gender-fair employment patterns in relief work. Available from Oxfam:
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/isues/gender/links/index.htm
Key words: relief agency, gender analysis, practice, mainstreaming, training
Man-made disasters
2 pp. Article from the newspaper The Hindu by Kalpana Sharma, describing an historic
meeting between Turkish and Indian women affected by earthquakes organized by
women’s NGOs. Introduces readers to the peer learning model developed and
promoted subsequently through the international NGO GROOTS, an effort of the
Huairou Commission. Available on line:
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/02/24/stories/2002022400010300.htm
Indian women shaken into action by earthquakes
3 pp. Ammu Joseph. February 17, 2004. Overview of the initial collaboration between
earthquake-affected women in Turkey, Iran and India. The author describes the work of
Mumbia-based SSP [Swayam Shikshan Prayog], a women’s development group that
takes a lead role organizing grassroots women before, during and after natural
disasters. Emphasizes the resources, strengths, and initiative of grassroots women in
crisis, balancing more familiar portrayals of vulnerability.
Available through Women’s Enews: http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm?

aid=1716
Key words: India, earthquake, public education, women's group
Women, Natural Disaster And Reconstruction
2 pps. November 2005 statement from the Women’s Edge Coalition, a US based
advocacy and education group organized around trade, development and gender
equality with a strong interest in disaster issues. This is a useful summary of the
gender-based vulnerabilities of girls and women that could be used to initiate a broader
discussion.
Available through Women’s Edge:

http://www.womensedge.org/pages/printerfriendly.jsp?id=345
Key words: NGO, vulnerability, gender analysis, cross hazard
Guidelines for Producing a Community Risk Map
6 pp. Illustrated with gender sensitivity, written in a user-friendly tone. This training
tool is designed to help local organizations and communities prepare and train residents
on dealing with hazards and disasters. Source:
http://www.eird.org/ing/varios/folletocomunidades/mapascomunidades.htm
Key words: Vulnerability assessment, community
Gender in Crisis Response
2003. 4 pp. Illustrated. Short overview developed by the International Labour

Organisation’s InFocus Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction. Documents
the work of this new ILO initiative and emphasizes the need for an employment-
intensive and work related approach to response and reconstruction with special
attention to the capacities and needs of women earners and producers.
Available through ILO: http://www.ilo.org/crisis
Key words: Fact sheet, IGO, livelihood, reconstruction, policy
Women and Children First: Introducing a Gender Strategy Into Disaster

Preparedness
Mary Myers, 1994. Pp. 14-16 in Focus on Gender 2(2). An early and classic discussion
of the most salient concerns that must be addressed in policy and practice. Framed as
questions to be asked and answered, this serves as a short and accessible introduction
to those new to the field.
The Role of Women in Disaster Management
1 page. 1995. Set of recommendations from the Pan American Health Organization,
Strategic Recommendations. Available in Stop Disasters, Number 24, Spring 1995, p.
11.
Key words: gender analysis, INGO, training, practice, policy
Does Domestic Violence Increase After Disaster? A Fact Sheet
2 pp. Fact sheet developed by E. Enarson incorporating empirical data on the impacts
of disasters on gender violence. Data from international natural disaster events are
included though more information is provided on disasters in the US, Canada and
Australia. Last updated 2001.
Available through the GDN website:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/VAW%20in%20Disasters%20Fact%20Sheet
%202006.doc
Key words: cross hazard, gender violence, practice
Gender and Women's Health in Disasters
Fact sheets from the World Health Organization, including:
• Disaster and Gender
• Gender-based Violence in Disasters
Both provide very short introductions to key health concerns in disasters from a
gendered perspective, including recommendations and resources. The short length
makes them useful for work with practitioners. Source:
http://www.who.int/gender/other_health/disasters/en/index.html
Key words: IGO, health, fact sheet, gender violence, practice
Findings from the Gujarat Disaster Watch
2 pp. 2002. Summary of findings from grassroots women in earthquake-affected parts of

Turkey and India, including a workshop involving 175 women survivors who evaluated
their own performance as well as that of the government’s. Lessons learned and
recommendations (for women from women and for women for government).
Key words: Earthquake, grassroots, capacity building, empowerment, recovery, policy,
practice
Benfield Hazard Research Centre
A rich source of extensive resources, published and unpublished, on all dimensions of

disaster risk reduction including research papers, literature reviews, case studies,
working papers, and useful links. A recent example of the development of a module on
disaster and disability, and the portal to international risk reduction materials. Website:
http://www.benfieldhrc.org/
Key words: Research, all hazards, training, practice, policy
BRIDGE
BRIGDE supports gender mainstreaming efforts of policymakers and practitioners by

bridging the gaps between theory, policy and practice with accessible and diverse
gender information. This is undertaken through accessible and appropriate knowledge
creation, sharing, and management, in long-term collaboration involving mutual
capacity-building with Southern and Northern partners. BRIDGE produces the bulletin
Gender and Development In Brief and hosts an on-line database Siyanda of gender and
development materials (http://www.siyanda.org).
See the Gender, Conflicts and Emergencies page:

http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports_gend_con_em.htm
Key words: All hazards, research, capacity building, training and education, capcity
building
Gender and Disaster Network
http://www.gdnonline.org
ID21 Development Research
This is a selecting of the latest and best UK-based development research. This online
service offers hundreds of summaries of problem-solving work on critical development
dilemmas around the world. This Information for Development in the 21st Century is
drawn from over 40 top UK research centres; conference papers, unpublished reports;
research by aid and development agencies and pressure groups; research consultants:
http://www.id21.org/
Key words: Development, gender analysis, research
Women, Ink
Women, Ink is a project of the International Women’s Tribune Centre to market and
distribute books on women and development world-wide. It is the exclusive distributor
of publications from UNIFEM.
http://www.womenink.org/
Humanitarian Practice Network
http://www.odihpn.org/index.asp
Humanitarian Information Network
http:// www.reliefweb.int/hin/
Relief Web
http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf
Disaster Watch
Disaster Watch is a web forum designed to support the growth and development of
women-centered community-based, post-disaster initiatives. Disaster Watch is a web
forum designed to support the growth and development of women-centered
community-based, post-disaster initiatives. It is a joint effort of the Huairou
Commission, GROOTS International and Swayam Shikshan Prayog (SSP).
http://www.disasterwatch.net/
GROOTS [Grassroots Organizations Operating Together in Sisterhood]
Groots International is a thirteen-year-old network that connects independent women

centered community development focused groups in more than forty countries. To build
long-term relationships for social change and sustainable development, network
members collaborate to:
» Foster increased opportunities for peer learning among grassroots groups to energize
leaders, accelerated innovation and identify shared principles and processes.
» Promote a new knowledge base generated from these experiences and practices to
mainstream the governance an development approaches operating in poor communities
» Engage systems of public power to promote a shift in resource and development

strategies associations of the poor have the power to plan toward approaches where
local and allocate significant resources.
All groups in the disaster campaign are members of GROOTS International, which
facilitates planning, fundraising, and advocacy for all the projects, including World Bank
training.
GROOTS International Communications

249 Manhattan Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11211, USA
Telephone: (718) 388-8915
Fax: (718) 388-0285
grootsss@earthlink.net
www.groots.org
Huairou Commission
Huairou Commission is a network of grassroots women's organizations which partners

with organizations and individuals interested in supporting the advocacy efforts of
grassroots women HC's mission is to forging strategic partnerships to advance the
capacity of grassroots women and to strengthen and create sustainable communities.
Huairou member organizations faced with the challenge of disaster use a strategy which
is driven, less by recovery, but by the longer and deeper goals of democracy and
sustainable development. These strategies, now demonstrated with remarkable
success in four countries and over 13 years, contribute directly to the achievement of
each and every one of the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs).
2001-2004 Huairou Commission

249 Manhattan Avenue , Brooklyn , New York USA 11211
Tel: 1-718-388-8915 Fax: 1-718-388-0285
Email: huairou@earthlink.net
http://www.huairou.org
Urgent Action Fund for Women's Human Rights
This international women’s fund responds on short notice to women in crisis whose
human rights are in jeopardy. UAF collaborates with women activists in three primary
contexts: peace building in situations of armed conflict, escalating violence, or politically
volatile environments; potentially precedent-setting legal and legislative actions; and
protection of women human rights defenders. Excellent resource papers of interest to
disaster-focused activists and scholars are available through the UAF website:
Rising Up in Response: Women’s Rights Activists in Conflict (6 page summary available

in English, French and Spanish: http://www.urgentactionfund.org/home1.html
International Women Activists Share Their Perspective on the Katrina Disaster ( 4 page,
available in English, Serbo-Croatian, and Albanian):
http://www.urgentactionfund.org/home1.html
Key words: INGO, women's g roup, complex emergency, conflict, hurricane Katrina
WEDO, Women's Environment and Development Organisation
WEDO is committed to empowering women. WEDO has a global information and

advocacy network of more than 18.000. Women must have an equal say in decision-
making on environment, development, population, reproductive rights, technology,
political participation and other issues affecting their lives, their families and the future
of the planet, and healthy communities make a healthy planet. In focusing on women’s
roles, needs, and capacities in movements to restore the environment to sustainable
health: http://www.wedo.org/
Food and Agricultural Organization
Gender Dimensions in Natural Resource Management.

http://www.fao.org/sd/nrm/nrm.HTM
International Labour Organisation
InFocus Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction:

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/recon/crisis/about/object.htm
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Visit the ISDR home page and also the dedicated gender
page:http://www.unisdr.org/eng/risk-reduction/gender/rd-gender-eng.htm
Disasters and the cycle of poverty: understanding urban, rural, and gender
aspects of social vulnerability
Kathy Lynn, University of Oregon. 2005. 12 pp. Paper presented to 5th Annual
Conference of the Global Studies Association (UK) ‘Global Poverty or Global Justice?’
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 7th – 9th September 2005. Available through the
GDN: http://www.gdnonline.org/re
sources/lynn-disasters_poverty_9_20-05.pdf
The cycle of poverty and connection to disasters is evident in historic and present
losses and impacts from disasters in developing countries and poor communities all
over the world. The trend during the last three decades shows an increase in the
number of natural hazard events and an increase in the number of people affected. As
the worlds’ population continues to grow and develop in areas exposed to natural
hazards, so does the risk of potential loss of life, property, and natural and cultural
resources.
This paper examines the impacts natural disasters have on poor communities all over
the world, and the ways in which poverty and social vulnerability exacerbate disaster
risk. In which ways are poor and underserved communities more at risk to natural
disasters than high capacity communities and wealthier nations? What factors need to
be considered in order to target appropriate assistance to socially vulnerable
communities at risk from natural disasters? This paper provides background information
on social vulnerability and disasters and recommendations for policy and programs to
better meet the needs of low-income and underserved communities and nations.
Key words: Conference, gender analysis, development, policy, practice, livelihood
Natural Disasters And The Role Of Women
Jacqueline Sims, 2004. Pp.429-443 in Joseph Stoltman, John Lidstone and Lisa
Dechano (eds.), International Perspectives on Natural Disasters: Occurrence,
Mitigation, and Consequences. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Provides a succinct and analytic overview of key themes with ample case material from
different disaster events. Useful for higher education or as a background piece for
journalists to highlight the need for gender-sensitive policy and practice.
Key words: Cross-hazard, gender analysis
What is the role of women in natural disasters?
2005. Janice Duddy. Useful introduction to gender-based vulnerability with examples

from around the world. Available through the Association for Women in Development:
http://www.awid.org/go.php?stid=1337
Key words: Gender anaysis, cross hazard
What redress have victims of the Bhopal gas disaster received?

2004, 17 December, 2004. Kathambi Kinoti. 'An interview with Dr Usha Ramanathan, an
expert on law and poverty, who has devoted her time to several human rights and
environmental causes, including the 1984 Bhopal gas disaster.'Available through AWID:
http://www.awid.org/go.php?stid=1447
Key words: Health, research, toxic contamination, human rights
In solidarity with those affected by the South Asian Earthquake
Oct 11, 2005. Statement from the Association for Women’s Rights in Development.
See AWID website: http://www.awid.org/go.php?cid=390
Key words: NGO, public education, gender analysis, development
Education in Emergencies - Gender and Equity Issues
2005, September. Power point Presentation by Madhavi Malalgoda Ariyabandu at

UNICEF- ROSA in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Available through UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia: http://www.unicef.org. Or

contact the author: madhavi.ariyabandu@undp.org
Key words: South Asia, emergency, girls, education, vulnerability, media
Gender and Food Security in Emergency Situations
2 pp. 2003. This Food and Agriculture Organization resource highlights the role of
women as providers in emergencies, pointing to the need for gender analysis. The FAO
Service for Special Relief Operations “is dedicated to integrating a gender perspective
into all aspects of the Organization’s response to emergencies.” The document includes
links to comprehensive data bases on gender in emergency operations, including the
FAO’s SEAGA model and Gender and Emergency Annex. This is a useful introductory
document leading to a great many more specific gender and emergency resources.
Source: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/GHARkit/FilesFeb2001/gen_emer.htm
Key words: international, vulnerability, livelihood, IGO, practice guide
Gender Approaches in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations
27 pp. 2003. UNDP manual developed as a follow-up to the 2001 Rome seminar on
Gender approach in emergency, conflict, and post-conflict situations. The manual is
intended to build the capacity of UNDP staff to mainstream gender equality in all
aspects of crisis and post-conflict situations.
Available through the UNDP:

http://www.undp.org/gender/docs/gendermanualfinalBCPR.pdf
Key words: IGO, complex emergency, training
People in Aid
A London-based initiative in support of women and men employed in relief and

development organizations. Strong human resources focus with high level of gender
awareness. Documents available in English, French and Spanish. Contact them at:
http://www.peopleinaid.org
Key words: NGO, emergency management, aid agencies
The Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID)
AWID is an international membership organization for informing and mobilizing people

and organizations toward gender equality, sustainable development and women's
human rights. AWID facilitated dialogue and debate on key issues including women,
sustainable development and disaster risk management. AWID members include
researchers, academics, students, educators, activists, business people, policy-makers,
development practitioners, funders, and others. Users will find useful short pieces on
the website and opportunities for networking and dialogue. Contact them at:
http://www.awid.org/go.php?pg=about#mission
Disproportionate impact of natural disasters on women
Carolyn Hannan, 2002. 7 pp. Available through UN DAW:

http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/documents/Natdisas.html
Presentation to the Roundtable Panel and discussion of the UN DAW for the 46th Session
of the Commission on the Status of Women, delivered January 17, 2002. A cogent and
substantive overview reflecting the main conclusions of the Expert Working Group
report on the topic. Very useful short summary of the work of the EWG.
Key words: Policy, practice, gender analysis, International
Gender equality, environmental management and natural disaster mitigation

Elaine Enarson, 2001. 29 pp. Report from the On-Line Conference conducted by the
Division for the Advancement of Women in support of the November 2001 Expert
Working Group Meeting, Ankara. Available through the UN Division for the
Advancement of Women:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/env_manage/documents/BP2-2001Nov16.pdf
The paper synthesizes and analyzes responses to conference themes posted for
discussion on the DAW on-line conference on Gender Equality, Environmental
Management, and Natural Disaster Mitigation. More than 200 responses were
contributed from practitioners, researchers and policy makers from around the world.
The following topics were discussed over five weeks: Victims? Heroines? Gender myths
and realities in disasters; How do women manage and use environmental resources in
their daily lives? How do women and men cope with the immediate and long-term
challenges of natural disasters? How can the “window of opportunity” for social change
following natural disasters be exploited? How can gender equality be integrated
holistically into both disaster prevention and sustainable development initiatives?
Key words: Cross hazard, conference, policy, practice, field reports, international, risk
reduction, gender equality, disaster prevention, development
ISDR Thematic Sessions, 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe
The ISDR in conjunction with UNESCO, IFRC, and UNICEF sponsored Session 3.4 in
Cluster 3: Knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience. Nine presentations coordinated by CRID and Save the Children were made
including several directly on gender.
• Gender and Disasters Resource Book, Cheryl Anderson
• Gender and Disaster Risk Reduction in Africa, Rowena Hay
• Spanish: Radio soap opera as a gender balanced tool in raising awareness on
disaster risk reduction at the community level, Margarita Villalobos excellent
cartoon graphics
• “Women for Development” NGO National Survey for Seismic Protection UN
Expert on Gender and Disasters, Armine Mikayelyan
• Creating a Culture of a Culture of Prevention Prevention, Madhavi Ariyabandu
The presentations are available as PDF files through ISDR:

http://www.unisdr.org/wcdr/thematic-sessions/cluster3.htm
Key words: communication, community education, grassroots women
Natural Disasters--Their Impact on Women

BBC radio programme (November 28, 2005). Audio link: BBC Woman’s Hour:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2005_48_mon_02.shtml
As described by the producers: "It’s three months since hurricane Katrina swept
through the southern states of America, nearly a year since the Asian Tsunami, and the
recent earthquake in Pakistan is still taking its toll on the population there. In the days
following hurricane Katrina, reports emerged that women had been raped during the
chaos of the hurricane’s aftermath, but those reports were subsequently downplayed.
It’s notoriously difficult to document violence against women during natural disasters,
but there is evidence that women are disproportionately affected. So what does happen
to women during these periods of disorder and displacement, and what can be done to
protect them? Jenni discusses the issues with Madhavi Ariyabandu, an expert on the
impact of natural disasters on women and Sarah Bradshaw, Senior lecturer in Third
World and Development Studies at Middlesex University."
Key words: Media, women's radio, cross-hazard, gender violence
Gender and Disaster Network Poster
An annually updated poster highlighting activities of the international Gender and

Disaster Network. Prepared by Kathy Lynn with John Sorenson, Barbara Vogt and other
members of the GDN for the annual meeting of the Natural Hazards Workshop at the
University of Colorado. Available through GDN:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/gdn-poster.pdf
Key words: Media, education
Selected issues and action for boys and men in disaster
1 page bulleted handout identifying some of the gender issues likely to face disaster-
affected boys and men.
E. Enarson, 2005. Available on-line through the GDN:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/males-in-disasters.doc
Key words: practice, gender analysis, men
Rising Up In Response: Women's Rights Activism in Conflict
Jane Barry for Urgent Action Fund for Women’s Human Rights, July 2004. 111 pp. The
UAF encourages collaborative projects supporting women in crisis through rapid
response grant-making. This study was conducted in 2003 to identify strategies for
supporting the interventions of women's rights activists and advocacy organizations.
Over 82 women's rights activists were interviewed in the Balkans, Sierra Leon and Sri
Lanka. Recommendations for capacity building are included based on rich case material.
Available in Serbian-Croation and Albanian as well as English through UAF:
http://www.urgentactionfund.org/
Key words: Conflict, grassroots, women's groups, human rights, capacity building
Gender in Emergency Annex
Food and Agriculture Organization, ND. Annotated bibliography based on key

documents identified by BRIDGE, the on-line gender and development research and
information service supported by the Institute for Development Studies. While some
materials are well-known or now dated, many users will find this a very useful beginning
place.
Available through FAO: http://www.fao.org/sd/WPdirect/gender/gender_annex.htm
Key words: Research, planning, gender analysis, policy
Gender, disaster and conflict: a human settlements perspective
UN-Habitat Disaster Management Program, January 2004. 3 pp.

Available through Habitat:
http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/rdmu/documents/GenderDMP.pdf
This brief concept note from UN Habitat makes explicit the intersecting risks women
face in conflict situations, natural disasters and the increasingly common convergence
of these two forces. Several action points are identified. The document concludes:
"Times of disaster and conflict leave populations in situations of crisis and upheaval.
The way that men and women experience these crises are very different. Disaster and
post conflict programming must, at its heart, seek to support populations to cope,
recover, rebuild, and protect themselves against future threats. In order to do this, the
different roles and capacities of men and women must be recognized, considered and
built upon in the wider context of human development strategies. Thus, linking gender
with disaster and post conflict programming is central for the connections between
relief and development. These linkages will, in combination, help to promote reduction
of vulnerability of whole populations, both women and men, to future risks, and
promote gender equality and human development more broadly."
Key words: complex emergency, conflict, housing, men, women, vulnerability

The impact of war on women's reproductive: health in developing countries
Ronald Joseph Swatzyna, 2004. Dissertation submitted to the The University of Texas
at Arlington.
Abstract: Low levels of reproductive health in developing countries have been a global
source of concern over the last 30 years, particularly for the United Nations. Prior
empirical studies have investigated the impact of social development, gender equality,
democracy and women's reproductive rights on women's reproductive health. Very few
studies have paid much attention to the influence of militarization and armed conflict.
Between 1990 and 2000, nearly 75% of the developing world was either directly or
indirectly impacted by war. Prior investigations of the impact of armed conflict on
women's reproductive health were mostly descriptive and anecdotal. This study is an
empirical investigation of the net effect of armed conflict on women's reproductive
health in 128 developing countries. Of the several determinants in the proposed model
of reproductive health, it is found that armed conflict ranks nearly second in importance
with respect to the magnitude of the effect of the determinants on reproductive health.
Social development is found to have a significantly greater magnitude of impact on
reproductive health than armed conflict. When compared to social development, the
impact of armed conflict has just over half of the impact of social development on
women's reproductive health. It must be noted that the data in this study have many
limitations, and although the findings are noteworthy, they must be considered
tentatively. Finally, this study addresses an area of immediate policy relevance for
women, given the deteriorating conditions of peace in the world today.
For more information: Dr. Ron Swatzyna [ Ron@TarnowCenter.com]
Key words: Conflict, research, gender analysis, health
Promoting gender sensitive operations
Diana Cammack, 1998. 14 pp. Available on-line:

http://www.reliefweb.int/library/GHARkit/files/Abridgedsocio-eco98studyFINAL.pdf
Prepared for the World Food Program, the abridged report outlines a gender-sensitive
strategy for evaluating food economies. As described by the author: The study
presents detailed information on the gender division of labour, resource control and
decision-making by women and men in southern Sudan, obtained through gender
analysis techniques. The consultant observed four WFP food aid distributions in Sudan
from which three case studies were produced. The gender study supports
recommendations for how to integrate a gender dimension into all aspects of WFP
operations in southern Sudan. These suggestions cover a variety of subjects ranging
from the food economy approach used by WFP, emergency food needs assessments
and food aid distributions to post-distribution monitoring of the end use of the food.
This abridged version focuses on recommendations made in relation to the food
economy approach and related reporting formats, as well as the summary of
recommendations of all aspects of WFP activities. Further to this study, WFP has
explored further the impact of gender relations on its operations through focus group
discussion in June 1999 and February 2000 with WFP women beneficiaries in southern
Sudan. WFP is re-examining its targeting mechanisms in light of the findings. WFP has
also developed checklists for integrating gender issues into its micro-projects such as
food-for-work and food-for-training, and trained field staff in gender analysis tools. In
addition, WFP is integrating a gender perspective into the 2000 Annual Needs
Assessment exercise in the Southern Sector of OLS which uses the food economy
approach developed by Save the Children (UK).
Key words: Research, IGO, gender analysis, health, livelihood
Promoting gender equality in disaster risk reduction: strategies currently in

place
Maureen Fordham, 2004. Presentation to the 2004 Honolulu Workshop on Gender

Equality and Disaster Risk Reduction:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/pages/Presentations/Reduction_Ford
ham.pdf
Key words: Power point, practice, gender analysis, cross hazard
Environmental management and disaster risk reduction: a gender perspective
Shubh Kumar-Range, 2001. 39 pp. Paper prepared for the UN DAW Expert Working
Group meeting, Ankara, Turkey .
Available through the UN Division for the Advancement of Women:
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/env_manage/documents/BP1-
2001Nov04.pdf
This paper explores the gender dimensions of the complex relationships within the
development paradigm that contribute to environmental mismanagement and
vulnerability to disasters. While the link between natural disasters and environmental
degradation is well established, now there is growing evidence that many conflicts - so
far mainly intrastate ones, are the result of environmental resource mismanagement.
How does gender play out in this web of relationships? The paper makes the case that
gender is at the core of understanding gender roles and how they interface with
development is essential to forwarding our global values and agendas - whether they
relate to gender equality, environmental protection, social justice or human rights. The
paper suggests that it is important not to miss the opportunity of post-disaster
reconstruction and recovery to promote institutional change - which can make way in
the future for achieving the goals of environmental management, gender equality and
social justice - all of which are required for reducing disaster risk and vulnerability.
Key words: Cross hazard, policy, practice, gender analysis
Women, disaster reduction and sustainable development.
ISDR, 2002, 7 pp. Available on the gender page of the ISDR:

http://www.unisdr.org/eng/risk-
reduction/gender/Women_disaster_reduction_and_SD.pdf
"Prepared by the Inter-agency Secretariat for the International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UN/ISDR), Geneva. The UN/ISDR collaborated with the United Nations
Division for the Advancement of Women in the organization of the Expert Meeting on
Perspective (Ankara, Turkey, 6-9 November 2001). Prior to that meeting, a fruitful
online debate took place in October 2001, moderated by Elaine Enarson, expert in
gender and disasters. Many of the arguments and examples reflected in this article are
based on the ideas and experiences shared during the online debate and the expert
meeting, and a paper prepared by the UN/ISDR for the Commission on the Status of
Women, 6 March 2002."
This succinct and analytic paper provides an excellent summary and overview of the
key issues and is especially useful for contextualizing the issues raised by gender as
part of the broader risk reduction paradigm.
Key words: Gender analysis, development, mitigation
Honolulu gender and disaster workshop: Regional commentaries from

participants
2004, 39 pp.Participants were asked to develop a one-page set of observations about
regional issues and possibilities for gendering the disaster risk reduction agenda. Take
as a whole, there provide an excellent "state of the art" insight into the challenges
ahead. Available through the Honolulu workshop website:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/pdf/WorkingGroups/COMMENTARIES
.pdf
Key words: Practice, policy, conference report, gender analysis, regional perspectives
Education in Emergencies
2005 (November draft), 7 pp. Source:

www.gdnonline.org/resources/education-draft3-7nov.pdf
Chapter excerpted from the Handbook On Gender Mainstreaming In Humanitarian

Action currently under development by the UN Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs and its partners. This chapter incorporates minimum standards
and good practice models developed by Inter-Agency Network on Education in
Emergencies to help planners anticipate and exploit opportunities for promoting gender
sensitive educational programming in crisis response and reconstruction. The chapter, a
model for those to follow, asks and answers these key questions: What must be known
in order to meet minimal gender-fair standards in education in emergencies? What
actions are needed to ensure gender mainstreaming in education in emergencies? What
are the best indicators for assessing gender mainstreaming in education in
emergencies?
Key words: Education, gender analysis, policy, practice guide, good practice
Matrix for Gender Based Violence Interventions in Emergency Settings
2005, one page. The matrix sums up in a user-friendly fashion the critical points from
the larger IASC Guidelines on Gender and Humanitarian Assistance in support of the
Tool Kit for Gender-Based Violence Intervention. Available through GDN:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/gbv-matrixposter08-28-05.pdf
Key words: Cross hazard, IGO, gender violence, practice guide
Gender and climate change: a forgotten issue?

Ulrike Röhr, 2005. The author clearly outlines the parameters of the case for a gender
approach and provides links to other resources and webpages. The article is available
through Tiempo Climate Newswatch:
http://www.tiempocyberclimate.org/newswatch/comment050711.htm
Key words: Policy, gender analysis, livelihood
Women, men and environmental change: the gender dimensions of

environmental policies and programmes
Justine Sass, 2002.8 pp. The second in PRB's series on emerging policy issues in
Population, Health, and Environment: Making the Link. It examines the gender
dimensions of environmental policies and programmes, highlighting how gender
differences play a part in natural resource use, how resource depletion affects women
and men differently, and what has been done worldwide to integrate gender concerns in
environmental planning. Available through the Population Reference Burearu:
http://www.prb.org/pdf/WomenMenEnviron_Eng.pdf
Key words: vulnerabiity, gender analysis, policy, cross hazard
Gender and climate hazards in Bangladesh
Terry.Cannon, 2002. Gender and Development 10 (2): 45-50. This special issue of the
journal includes other articles of note on gender and climate change though this focuses
most directly on the link to hazards and disasters.
Key words: Bangladesh, vulnerability assessment, mitigation
Useful websites on gender and conflict
UNIFEM:
Violence Against Women
http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/violence_against_women/
ELDIS Gateway to Development Information: conflict and gender site:

http://tinyurl.com/ejvqe
ILO
InFocus Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction. The ILO Working Paper
series in the area of disaster and other crisis situations includes many relevant papers,
e.g
* Gender Guidelines for Employment and Skills Training in Conflict-Affected Countries

(Walsh)
* Capitalizing on Capacities of Afghan Women (Barakat and Wardell)
* The Survival Skills of Sinhala Female-Heads in Conflict-Affected Eastern Sri Lanka
(Ruwanpura)
Available through IL0:

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/recon/crisis/publ/index.htm#wpap
Key words: conflict, IGO, complex emergency
Useful websites on women's empowerment and gender equality
• UN Division for the Advancement of Women, Expert Working Groups, e.g. on

"The role of men and boys in achieving gender equality," 2003, Brasilia. Available
through UNDAW: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/men-boys2003/
• Women Watch, gateway to information and resources on the promotion of
gender equality and the empowerment of women throughout the United Nations
system: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/
Gender inequality, vulnerability and disaster: gender issues in theory and

research
Robert Bolin, Martina Jackson and Allison Crist, 1998. 17 pp. Chapter 2 in Enarson and
Morrow (eds.), The Gendered Terrian of Disaster. A theoretical examination of
differences in approach to gender and disaster vulnerability in developing and affluent
nations. The authors make the case for a more holistic and global approach with gender
and development patterns at the heart of disaster vulnerability. Uploaded by CRID:
http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/eng/doc12884/doc12884
Key words: Research, gender analysis, development
Gender equality, work, and disaster reduction: making the connections
E. Enarson , 2002. 30 pp. Revised version of Gender and Natural Disasters, Working
Paper # 1 (September, 2000) prepared for the ILO InFocus Programme on Crisis
Response and Reconstruction. The report examines the economic impacts of disasters
on women's lives in different context and develops ideas for intervening to mitigate
these. Available through the GDN [search Latest Additions]:
http://www.gdnonline.org/wot_latest_additions.htm
Key words: Research, livelihood, gender division of labor, gender relations change,
mitigation
Women's Milestones for the Bali Roadmap
Key words: climate change, women, gender equality, gender justice, UNFCCC
"Disasters are never gender-neutral: What lessons have we learned?"
Author: Rochelle Jones, AWID Date published:

December 2008
After a series of terrible natural disasters rocked the world in 2004-05,

what lessons have been learned in terms of women's increased vulnerability and how to
minimise the impact on women for the next disaster?
AWID looks at governments and non-government responses to disasters and shared

the significant role played by grassroots women's organisations to respond to women's
needs.
http://www.awid.org/eng/Issues-and-Analysis/Library/Disasters-are-never-gender-
neutral-What-lessons-have-we-learned
Key words: gender, disaster, vulnerability, hurricane Katrina, Burma, Thailand, Sri
Lanka, grassroots organisations, women's organisations, funding
Gender Aspects of Natural Disasters
Authors: Rebecca Pearl and Irene Dankelman Published by:

The Bridge Magazine (online)
The article highlights women's capacity to adapt in disasters and provides

recommendations to view and respond to climate change within the framework of
human security.
This is an excerpt of Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO)
study on gender, climate change, and human security, including case studies by
ABANTU for Development (Ghana), ActionAid (Bangladesh) and ENDA (Senegal).
www.wedo.org
http://www.bridge-mag.com/magazine/index.php?
option=com_content&task=view&id=517&Itemid=3
Key words: gender, disaster, climate change, human security, adaptation
Gender Perspective: Working Together for Disaster Risk Reduction Good

Practices and Lessons Learned
Published by: UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Publication

date: June 2007 Format: pdf, 65pp.
A compilation of 15 good practices on disaster risk reduction initiatives, highlighting

gendered resilience building from diffent countries.
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/isdr-publications/09-gender-good-
practices/gender-good-practices.pdf
Key words: gender, disaster, disaster risk reduction, UNISDR, good practices, Brazil,
Honduras, India, Philippines, Pakistan, Peru, Indonesia, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Sri
Lanka, Turkey
Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change
Published by: UNDP, 2009

This resource guide aims to inform practitioners and policy makers of the linkages
between gender equality and climate change and their importance in relation to the
achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. It makes the case for why it is
necessary to include women’s voices, needs and expertise in climate change policy and
programming, and demonstrates how women’s contributions can strengthen the
effectiveness of climate change measures.
Downloadable from the UNDP website: : http://content.undp.org/go/cms-

service/download/asset/?asset_id=1854911
Key words: climate change, environment, MDGs, gender equality
Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change
Published by: IUCN, UNDP and GGCA Publication

date: 2009
The training manual draws on existing in-house materials (research

data, analyses and extracts from international frameworks) that have been adapted or
expanded but also includes newly compiled case studies to illustrate the concepts in
each module. It presents key conceptual and methodological advances in gender
relations in the context of climate change.
Includes case studies and an annotated bibliography of resources on climate change

reference framework, energy, mitigation and adaptation, including portals and
websites.
Downloadable from the IUCN website: http://www.generoyambiente.org/archivos-de-

usuario/File/ecosistemas_especificos.pdf
Key words: climate change, training, mitigation, adaptation, case study, energy,
gender relations
Statistics on disaster deaths, by gender and age
Published by: Ilan Kelman

Compilation of literature on disaster deaths which provide data broken down by gender
and age.
More information available from: http://www.ilankelman.org/disasterdeaths.html
Key words: statistics, gender, age, disaster deaths
Getting the balance right: Gender equality in journalism
Published by: International Federation of Journalists Publication date:

2009
In spite of the progress made over the last 25 years—and there are more women in
media and more female executives than ever before—media still churn out female
stereotypes that limit the power of women in society. According to one global survey, if
we continue at the current rate of progress it will take another 75 years to achieve
gender equality in media.
This handbook, “Getting the Right Balance”, is a timely, illustrated and easy-to-read
guide and resource material for journalists. It evolved primarily out of a desire to equip
all journalists with more information and understanding of gender issues in their work.
It is addressed to media organisations, professional associations and journalists’ unions
seeking to contribute to the goal of gender equality.
Downloadable from UNESCO website:

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001807/180707E.pdf (accessed 22 July 2009)
Key words: gender equality, journalism, media
Disaster Mitigation and Furthering Women's Rights: Learning from the

Tsunami
Author: Supriya Akerkar

Journal: Gender, Technology and Development
Publisher: Sage Publications
Year: 2007
URL: http://gtd.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/3/357
Abstract:
Vulnerability has long been accepted as an important factor in post-disaster recovery

which affects the ability of the survivors to recover from multi-dimensional impacts.
This comparative and cross-cultural study of the effects of tsunami on women in four
countries
looks more closely into the factors and processes that have led to the exclusion of
certain groups of women from relief and recovery assistance. These include female
heads of households, widows, the elderly and those belonging to marginalized groups
such as migrants
and stateless communities. Examining the current gender-neutral framing of social
protection systems in the disaster areas and their operations, I show that vulnerability
is not only an outcome of localized and individual dimensions like age, gender and
marital
status but that they have deeper relations with national and global powers who
perpetuate institutionalized discrimination through such systems, and how they are
unable to give these groups of women the much needed protection and assistance to
live with dignity. A
case is made for the recognition of compounded discrimination based on the fact that
their vulnerable positions prior to the disaster have indeed led to their exclusion from
relief and recovery activities, leaving them poorer and worst-off. Further, to redress this
trend I propose a women’s human rights strategy in disaster management which adopts
as its core a combination of the recognition of vulnerability derived from identities with
corresponding gender-based redistributive principles to be integrated in policies,
practices and social protection systems. As a discursive construct, the women’s human
rights approach in disasters would not only reduce the vulnerability of disaster survivors
but also create
new gender-just post-disaster societies.
Key words: disaster mitigation, women, women's rights, tsunami, lessons learned,
vulnerability, social protection, disaster sociology, India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Somalia
Engendering Disaster Risk Management
Author: Elaine Enarson
URL: EngenderingDisasterRiskManagement.ppt
Key words: Powerpoint, development, social trends, myths
Gender-Sensitive Post-Disaster Rehabilitation Guidance: Empowerment
Published by: International Recovery Platform
Entry points for gender mainstreaming in training and education, physical and mental
health and empowerment. Part of the Knowledge for Recovery series.
URL: http://www.recoveryplatform.org/assets/tools_guidelines/Gender-
%20empowerment%20and%20health.pdf
Key words: empowerment, post-disaster, rehabilitation
Making Disaster Risk Reduction Gender-Sensitive: Policy and Guidelines
This publication is the result of extensive consultations and a response to the call for
clear policy and practical guidance for mainstreaming gender perspectives into disaster
risk reduction. It offers much-needed policy and practical guidelines for national and
local governments to further implement the Hyogo Framework for Action.
Included in this publication is a policy guideline on gender mainstreaming, and practical

guidelines on how to institutionalize gender-sensitive risk assessments, implement
gender-sensitive early warning systems, and use gender-sensitive indicators to monitor
gender mainstreaming progress. Also included is a summary of the limited global
progress in this task so far, and a list of further readings. Full report in PDF format
(3.13MB); Number of pages: 152p
URL:
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/9922_MakingDisasterRiskReductionGenderSe.pdf
Key words: guidelines, policy, Hyogo Framework for Action, HFA, early warning, risk
assessment, indicators, UNISDR
Gender and Conflict Early Warning: A Framework for Action
Authors: Susanne Schmeidl with Eugenia Piza-Lopez
Published by: Ineternational Alert and Swiss Peace Foundation
Date Published: June 2002
Summary:
The paper presents an initial framework on how to ‘engender’ early warning. More
specifically, the process, and benefits can be understood as follows:
1. Incorporating gender-sensitive indicators into information collection and

subsequent analysis allows for previously overlooked signs of instability to be taken into
account and concentrates early warning at a grassroots level, anticipating conflict
before it spreads to high politics.
2. Incorporating gender analysis and perspectives into the formulation of

response options ensures discriminatory policies are not perpetuated in post-
conflict situations, or new found freedoms reversed. It also ensures that responses at
a political and humanitarian level address the vulnerabilities specific to women
and men.
These proposals aim to make early warning more comprehensive, ‘earlier,’ and
preventive actions more effective and permanent.As more comprehensive and quality
early warning that include gender analysis increase the likelihood of political will,
engendering early warning has far-reaching benefits that go beyond the protection of
vulnerable groups.
URL: http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/INTLALERT_genderandconflic
tearlywarning.pdf
Key words: early warning, conflict, framework, indicators, grassroots, gender analysis
Women, Peace and Security Resources: Early Warning and Conflict Prevention
Resources compiled by PeaceWomen Women's International Leage for Peace

and Freedom
URL: http://www.peacewomen.org/resources/Early_Warning/earlywarningindex.html
Key words: peace, security, conflict, early warning, links
Because I am a girl. The State of the World's Girls 2008
Author: van der Gaag, N.
Publisher: Plan International, 2008
This report focuses on girls living in the shadow of war. The report finds that girls face
the double discrimination of gender and age so that in many societies, including those
affected by armed conflict, girls remain at the bottom of the social and economic
ladder.
http://www.plan-uk.org/pdfs/because_I_am_a_Girl_2008.pdf
Key words: girls, war, armed conflict, van der Gaag
Gender, Climate Change and Human Security
Authors: Irene Dankelman, Khurshid Alam, Wahida Bashar Ahmed, Yacine Diagne
Gueye, Naureen Fatema and Rose Mensah-Kutin
Publisher: WEDO, 2008
This study explores the interlinkages between gender, climate change and human
security. Commissioned by the Greek chairmanship (2007-2008) of the Human Security
Network.
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/WEDO_Gender_CC_Human_Security.pdf
Key words: climate change, human security, Dankelman, WEDO
Gender and climate change: mapping the linkages. A scoping study on

knowledge and gaps
Authors: A. Brody; J. Demetriades; E. Esplen
Publisher: BRIDGE Institute of Development Studies, June 2008
This paper outlines key linkages between climate change and gender inequality,
focusing particularly on adaptation and mitigation policies and practices. The authors
seek to identify gaps in the existing body of work and review best practice on
adaptation and mitigation, with an emphasis on research, policy and practice.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Climate_Change_DFID_draft.pdf.
Key words: climate change, mapping, scoping study, inequality, BRIDGE
Conflict and Crisis Settings: Promoting Sexual and Reproductive rights
Journal: Reproductive Health Matters (subscription required)
Volume 16, Issue 31, May 2008, Pages 4-9
Guest Editor Rosalind Petchesky draws attention to "the extraordinary energy and
resilience of displaced communities -often under the leadership of women- to survive,
negotiate and rebuild and calls for "a new humanitarian paradigm that will allow the
people directly affected to define their needs and find appropriate solutions during
disasters, rather than having external organisations impose solutions on them"
Read the editorial

here: http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/RHM31_Editorial_conflict_crisis_settings.pdf
Key words: conflict, sexual rights, reproductive rights, SRHR, displacement

Establishing the linkages between gender and climate change
Author: Lorena Aguilar
28 February 2008
Paper presented during the 52nd Session of the Commission on the Status of Women-
Gender and Climate Change Panel. Climate change and gender inequality are
inextricably linked. Notably, they share a similar role of creating obstacles to achieving
poverty reduction and development goals. Both climate change and gender inequality
limit the ability of countries to fulfil their commitments to reduce poverty and promote
sustainable development.
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/Aguilar_CSWgender-climatechange.pdf
Key words: climate change, linkage, Aguilar
Women's role in adapting to climate change and variability // Mujeres en la

Adaptacíon a la Variabilidad y el Cambio Climático
Authors: Y. Carvajal-Escobar, M. Quintero-Angel, and M. García-Vargas.
Publisher: Universidad del Valle Colombia, 2008
Given that women are engaged in more climate related change activities than what is
recognized and valued in the community, this article highlights their important role in
the adaptation and search for safer communities, which leads them to understand
better the causes and consequences of changes in climatic conditions.
http://www.adv-geosci.net/14/277/2008/adgeo-14-277-2008.pdf
en español:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/Carvajal_etal_Mujeres_Adaptacion_Variabilidad.pd
f
Key words: climate change, spanish, adaptation, mitigation
Gender, HIV/AIDS and Emergencies

Author: Elliott, Lyn.
Publisher: Save the Children, UK, 2008
A short article which looks at HIV/AIDS in emergency and displaced situations in

particular its impact on women and children who make up the largest proportion of
refugee and displaced people.
http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=1055
Key words: HIV, AIDS, children, emergencies, Save the Children, displacement,
refugee
Recognizing Gender-Based Violence against Civilian Men and Boys in Conflict

Situations
Author: Carpenter, R.C.
Publisher: Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh,

PA, USA.
While gender-based violence has recently emerged as a salient topic in the human
security community, it has been framed principally with respect to violence against
women and girls, particularly sexual violence. The author argues that gender-based
violence against men (including sexual violence, forced conscription, and sex-selective
massacre) must be recognized as such, condemned, and addressed by civilian
protection agencies and proponents of a ‘human security’ agenda in international
relations.
http://sdi.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/1/83(subscription required)
Key words: men, boys, conflict, gender-based violence
Financing for Gender Empowerment and Equality of Women

Outcome documents of the 52nd Session of the UN Commission on the Status of
Women, 25 February - 7 March 2008.
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/52sess.htm
Key words: empowerment, financing, commission on the status of women
Climate Change and Gender Justice
Series: Working in Gender & Development
Edited by: Geraldine Terry
Publisher: Oxfam and Practical Action Publishing
Date published: 09 Nov 2009
Climate change is often framed as a problem that needs mainly technical and economic
solutions. Climate Change and Gender Justice considers how gender issues are
entwined with people’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change, and how gender
identities and roles may affect women’s and men’s perceptions of the changes.
The vivid case studies in this book show how women and men in developing countries
are experiencing climate change and describe their efforts to adapt their ways of making
a living to ensure survival, often against extraordinary odds. Contributors also examine
how gender-equality concerns should be integrated into international negotiations and
agreements on climate change mitigation and adaptation to ensure that new policies do
not disadvantage poor women, but rather deliver them some benefits.
‘No climate justice without gender justice’; the rallying call by lobbyists at the 2007 UN
Climate Change Conference in Bali continues to resonate as international negotiations
on how to tackle and adapt to climate change become more urgent.
Working in Gender & Development series bring together themed selections of

the best articles from the Oxfam journal Gender & Development,
supplemented with specially commissioned articles and material drawn from
other Oxfam publications. Each title is edited by a key thinker in the field, and
includes an up-to-the-minute overview of current thinking and thoughts on
future policy responses.
http://publications.oxfam.org.uk/oxfam/display.asp?
K=e2009112609473500&sf_20=oxfam_archive_flag&st_20=NOT+Y&sf_01=C
TITLE&cid=oxfam&st_01=climate+change+and+gender+justice&sort=SORT_
DATE/D&x=0&y=0&m=1&dc=1
Key words: Climate change, gender justice, case studies, international negotiations,
mitigation, adaptation, Oxfam
Climate Change and Gender Justice
Series: Working in Gender & Development
Edited by: Geraldine Terry
Publisher: Oxfam and Practical Action Publishing
Date published: 09 Nov 2009
Climate change is often framed as a problem that needs mainly technical and economic
solutions. Climate Change and Gender Justice considers how gender issues are
entwined with people’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change, and how gender
identities and roles may affect women’s and men’s perceptions of the changes.
The vivid case studies in this book show how women and men in developing countries
are experiencing climate change and describe their efforts to adapt their ways of making
a living to ensure survival, often against extraordinary odds. Contributors also examine
how gender-equality concerns should be integrated into international negotiations and
agreements on climate change mitigation and adaptation to ensure that new policies do
not disadvantage poor women, but rather deliver them some benefits.
‘No climate justice without gender justice’; the rallying call by lobbyists at the 2007 UN
Climate Change Conference in Bali continues to resonate as international negotiations
on how to tackle and adapt to climate change become more urgent.
Working in Gender & Development series bring together themed selections of

the best articles from the Oxfam journal Gender & Development,
supplemented with specially commissioned articles and material drawn from
other Oxfam publications. Each title is edited by a key thinker in the field, and
includes an up-to-the-minute overview of current thinking and thoughts on
future policy responses.
http://publications.oxfam.org.uk/oxfam/display.asp?
K=e2009112609473500&sf_20=oxfam_archive_flag&st_20=NOT+Y&sf_01=C
TITLE&cid=oxfam&st_01=climate+change+and+gender+justice&sort=SORT_
DATE/D&x=0&y=0&m=1&dc=1
Key words: Climate change, gender justice, case studies, international negotiations,
mitigation, adaptation, Oxfam
How a Changing Climate Impacts Women?
A summary report on the occasion of the UN Secretary General’s High-Level Climate

Change Event and the High-Level Roundtable organized by the Women’s Environment
and Development Organization, Council of Women World Leaders, and Heinrich Böll
Foundation. Includes a set of recommendations on Climate Change and Gender
Equality.
http://www.wedo.org/files/Roundtable%20Final%20Report%206%20Nov.pdf
Key words: climate change, United Nations, WEDO, impacts
A Women's Rights-based Approach to Climate Change
MADRE's disaster relief and recovery programs identify the specific threats that women
face and the unique contributions that women make in efforts to address the following
problems associated with disasters.
http://www.madre.org/programs/emergencydisasterreliefmodel.html
http://www.madre.org/articles/int/climatechange.html
Key words: MADRE, climate change, disaster, model, rights-based approach, women,
relief, recovery
Sourcebook Home > Planning And Practice Tools > Planning And Policy Frameworks
> Planning and Policy Frameworks
> Gendered Vulnerability Analysis
> Practice Guides And Checklists
> Discussion and Analysis
Planning and Policy Frameworks
Honolulu workshop on gender equality and disaster risk reduction:

proceedings
Gender Equality and Disaster Risk Reduction Workshop, Honolulu HI, August 2004.
Proceedings available on-line through the Gender and Disaster Network:
http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/index.html
• Participant Commentaries with a regional perspective on gender and disaster,
country-specific and regional presentations and posters.
• Conference presentations
• Supplementary materials contributed by participants including papers, reports
and electronic posters
• Small group reports
• Honolulu Call to Action, outcome of the 2004 Workshop on Gender Equality
and Disaster Risk Reduction: http://www.ssri.hawaii.edu/research/GDWwebsite/. In
addition to background resource papers and conference presentation, see the Call
to Action in the Proceedings, available on-line through GDN.
Key words: All hazard, conference report, policy, practice, emergency management,
OCHA's Policy on Gender Equality
Policy statement from the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs with
attention to gender-fair approaches to humanitarian response, information management
and analysis, evaluation, and advocacy. Frames the organizational initiative towards
gender-aware and gender-fair policy development, program planning and
implementation including the OCHA Gender Equality Tool Kit and related materials.
Available through OCHA:
http://ochaonline.un.org/HumanitarianIssues/GenderEquality/GenderPolicy/tabid/1190/l
anguage/en-US/Default.aspx
Key words: IGO, policy, gender analysis, humanitarian response, gender equality,
toolkit
Gender Equality Tool Kit, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs
The Tool Kit provides much needed guidance on the step-by-step process of integrating
gender perspective into humanitarian assistance. Each “tool” can be used separately to
advantage in trainings. The Tool Kit is a comprehensive stand-alone document on
gender mainstreaming but also a very practical tool for gendering disaster risk
management.
Available through OCHA: http://ochaonline.un.org/webpage.asp?

MenuID=9897&Page=1965
The areas covered include:
General tools for all OCHA staff
1. Definitions related to gender equality

2. International mandates related to gender equality
3. Using a gender perspective improves humanitarian assistance
4. Frequently asked questions on gender mainstreaming in
humanitarian assistance
Tools for humanitarian response and coordination
1. Responsibilities of gender mainstreaming in the Humanitarian

Coordinator’s terms of reference
2. Responsibilities and potential initiatives for OCHA field offices
relating to gender mainstreaming
3. Terms of reference for field/branch gender focal points
Tools for information management and analysis
1. Engendering a situation report

2. Checklist for strengthening gender mainstreaming in the CAP
3. Sources and types of documents on gender issues to be included
in the Humanitarian Information Centres
Tools of particular interest include:
Gender Tool # 3:
FAQ on Gender Mainstreaming in Humanitarian Assistance:
Gender Tool # 4:
Responsibilities and potential initiatives for OCHA field officers relating to gender
equality:
Gender Tool # 8:
Engendering a Situation Report:
Key words: IGO, policy, practice guide, cross hazard, training, vulnerability
assessment, toolkit, humanitarian assistance, gender equality, gender mainstreaming,
disaster risk management
Mainstreaming Gender in the Humanitarian Response to Emergencies
1999. Follow up document to the Beijing Conference of 1995 and 1998 meetings of
ECOSOC about humanitarian relief. Lays the framework for subsequent initiatives and
publications in this area by the IASC Working group on Gender and Humanitarian
Assistance.
This paper provides a summary overview of the differential impact of emergencies and
crisis situations on women and girls, men and boys.
http://www.reliefweb.int/ocha_ol/pub/iasc/IASC%20gender.htm
Key words: response, gender analysis, practice, policy, humanitarian assistance, boys,
women, girls, men
Recommendations for Contraceptive Care in Emergencies
2 pp. Pan American Health Organization. Contact: Fernando Amado

(amadofer@paho.org)
Available through PAHO: http://www.paho.org/english/ped/te_snant.htm
Key words: IGO, health, sexuality, response, practice
Recommendations for the Prevention and Care of Cases of Domestic Violence

and Violence in Temporary Shelters or Refuges During Emergencies
Pan American Health Organization, 2 pp. Available through PAHO:
http://www.paho.org/english/ped/te_snant.htm or contact Fernando Amado
(amadofer@paho.org)
Key words: IGO, health, gender-based violence, relief, practice
The Construction of Risk from A Gender Perspective: Concepts and

Methodologies
UNDP Mexico. Document being elaborated. Forthcoming [spring 2006] from:

http://www.undp.org.mx
This document analyzes gender relations in the context of risk management, both
issues understood as development problems. It offers useful concepts and
methodologies to promote risk management with gender equity in policies, programs
and projects planning, promoted by Federal and State Governments and by UNDP
Mexico.
Key words: Mexico, IGO, gender analysis, vulnerability assessment, practice
Methodological Approach to Gender Analysis in Natural Disaster Assessment: A

Guide for the Caribbean
F. Deare, 2004. 40 pp. Publication for the UN’s Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean (Manual 31) to help incorporate gender analysis in post-disaster assessments and
response planning with a number of excellent gender analysis tools and methodologies. The author
presents the basic conceptual framework for gender analysis and provides assessment guides for
assessing gender-based vulnerabilities and impacts, as well as post-disaster reconstruction.
Suitable for use in any region, the publication is aimed at improving damage assessment
methodology in order to promote natural disaster mitigation and risk reduction awareness and
preparedness in the Caribbean and Latin America. Available through ECLAC: http://www.eclac.org/
Key words: Caribbean, gender analysis, research, mitigation, disaster risk reduction,
Sharing Information For Tsunami Recovery In South Asia
World Disaster Report, 2005. 4 pp. Available through IFRC:

www.ifrc.org/publicat/wdr2005/chpater5.asp
The chapter discusses the issues related to the need based aid and recovery, and the
key role information sharing can play in ensuring the same. The influx of goods, money
and NGO led agencies compete for space, and conceal rather than sharing information.
Unprecedented media coverage provoked a rush to respond to the tsunami disaster,
and many agencies overlooked the longer term risks of inappropriate rehabilitation. In
Tamil Nadu, India, information gathering on the fishery sector was biased towards men,
who undervalued women’s economic contribution to fishing. Omitting women’s needs
had serious implications, particularly for widows who risked sinking into debt. In Sri
Lanka, more women died than men. For most women learning swimming was culturally
taboo. They spent critical minutes gathering their children before fleeing, and their
traditional clothes made running or swimming near impossible. Immediate relief
operations were largely ‘gender blind’, according to women’s groups. Only a few
organisations provided women’s sanitary needs, underwear or appropriate clothing.
Pregnant and lactating mothers were insufficiently cared for. Women’s groups in Sri
Lanka promoted the rights of affected women to participate in decision making. The
chapter also highlights the media reporting which focussed women on victim stories.
Key words: Sri Lanka, India, information, tsunami, local needs, widows, assessment,
women, rights
Cementing a Future: Women's Leadership on a Reconstruction Program
13 pp. 1999. Prema Gopalan. Paper contributed to: GROOTS International

Compendium, Supported by UNDP., Swayam Shikshan Prayog, Mumbai, India,
This paper is based on the rebuilding experience of the 1993 earthquake in Lathur,
India. The Swayam Shikshan Prayog mobilised community participation with local
women organisations in 300 villages across two districts through a large scale
information, dialogue and a mentoring campaign that empowered local people to own
and lead the process of rebuilding their homes and communities. The paper offers a
discussion how communities are organised to deal with crisis, rehabilitation and
external aid determination if they will function as ‘victims’/ ‘beneficiaries’/or ‘directors
of change and the efficiency of resource use. The paper concludes that a ‘people
centred approach’ to disaster can strengthen local residents as informed participants
and decision makers, support women’s visibility and social effectiveness, and move
them from margin to mainstream.
Key words: India, earthquake, recovery, mobilisation, women's groups, community

participation, empowerment
Mainstreaming gender in unstable environments

UNIFEM, 1999. 15 pp. Follow up document to the Beiing Conference of 1995 and 1998
meetings of ECOSOC about humanitarian relief. Lays the framework for subsequent
initiatives and publications in this area by the IASC Working group on Gender and
Humanitarian Assistance. Indicators for assessing and monitoring gender sensitive
programming across sectors are provided. The approach is informed by a strong
human rights perspective relating planning and programming to existing legal
frameworks such as CEDAW. This policy guide is described in more depth on-line in
the IASC GHAR Kit:
Key words: IGO, humanitarian assistance, practice, policy, gender, human rights,
humanitarian crisis
Sexual and gender-based violence against refugees, returnees and internally

displaced persons : guidelines for prevention and response
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),2003. 158 pp. Comprehensive report

focused on prevention as well as effective and meaningful response to women and
children at risk of sexual violence. The report moves easily from analytic discussion of gender-
based violence to specific and practical action recommendations including monitoring and
evaluation. It is notable for close analysis of safety concerns for displaced children. The
specific and wide-ranging recommendations should be applied in contexts of post-
disaster displacement and relocation. Available through CRID:
Supercyclone: Psychological Care for Community Level Helpers - Information

Manual 2
Dr. K V K Kumar, Dr. C R Chandrashekar, Dr P Chowdry, Dr R Parthasarathy, Sr S

Girimaji Dr. K Sekar and Dr R S Murthy. 2000. 32pp.
Published by Books for Change, a Unit of ActionAid Karnataka Projects, 28 Castle
Street, Banglalore 560 025.
This manual begins by stating that for too long, the psychological consequences of
disasters have been neglected…” The Orrisa disaster like all disasters, poses the
enormous challenge of rebuilding the people, reconstruction not only of shelters and
livelihood, but of the human spirit.” The manual is part of an ongoing initiative of
ActionAid India, NIMHANS Bangalore and OXFAM India to organise mental health care.
Designed to be user friendly, the manual is the collaborative effort of professionals,
voluntary organisations and people (survivors and concerned). It is targeted at
community level helpers working in disaster situations and is practical in orientation.
The pages talk through the principles of emotional support, types of trauma people
experience, emotional responses, and understanding responses at different levels. It
provides practical guidelines on emotional support and psychological intervention.
Although the manual does not explicitly discuss gendered differences, the manual is
sensitive at the community and individual level providing tools and insights to designed
to ensure that individual’s often neglected psychological needs are being addressed.
Key words: South Asia, Orissa, cyclone, disaster, psychological impact, practical
guidelines
Oxfam UK, Humanitarian Department, 2004. 13 pp. Available through

Oxfam:http://homepage.oxfam.org.uk/emergencies/ed_general/scipio/gender_handbook
.htm
One of many gender-sensitive initiatives from Oxfam, this guide provides a succinct and
user-friendly overview. Included are discussion and examples of what using a gender
approach means in practice, gender analysis practices in field assessments,
participatory methodologies and women, how and when to integrate gender concerns in
planning, gender-sensitive program planning, monitoring and evaluation. Of special
interest is a protocol for assessing the gender dimensions of proposed projects with
respect to goals, planning, and evaluation. See also Eade, Dianne and Suzanne Williams
(eds.). 1995. The Oxfam Handbook of Development and Relief, Vol 1-3. Oxford: Oxfam,
special issues relating to gender in emergencies published by the Oxfam journal Gender
and Development, and gender and disaster reporting in the newsletter Links.
Key words: all hazard, INGO, relief agency, practice guide, gender analysis, multi-
hazard
Gender Equality and Humanitarian Assistance: A Guide to the Issues
Canadian International Development Agency, 2004. 29 pp. Produced by the Canadian

International Development Agency, International Humanitarian Assistance Division,
Multilateral Programs Branch (Beth Woroniuk, consultant). Available throughCIDA:
(http://www.cida.gc.ca) or http://www.acdi-
cida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/Africa/$file/Guide-Gender.pdf
The Guide is an excellent state-of-the-art summary of the need for gender-sensitive

programming and concrete steps toward that goal. The discussion focuses on capacities
as well as vulnerabilities of men as well as women with sections on what gender-
sensitive humanitarian assistance means, myths and misunderstandings around it,
concrete assessment questions to be asked across sectors and in program
development, and references to related work. The Canadian guide can readily be
adapted or revised for use across regions.
Key words: Canada, humanitarian assistance, gender analysis, practice guide, policy,
gender sensitive programming, men, women, vulnerability, capacity
Converting the Tragedy of Mitch into an Opportunity for the Sustainable

Human Development of Nicaragua: Proposal for the Reconstruction and
Transformation of Nicaragua
The Civil Coordinator for Emergency and Reconstruction (CCER), 1999. 147 pp.
(summary document also available).
Available from the web page of the Civil Coordinator (formerly the CCER):
http://www.b.linneker.dsl.pipex.com/docs/ccer_prop.pdf
This document presents an ‘alternative’ proposal for reconstruction in Nicaragua post-

Hurricane Mitch. The document is the result of a consultative process that culminated in
the first national meeting of Civil Society. The proposal begins by considering the
characteristics of the country prior to the Hurricane, highlighting how conditions such as
unsustainable patterns of soil use, high unemployment and severe gender inequalities,
led to high levels of social and environmental vulnerability and how in turn this
vulnerability influenced the impact of Mitch. The document then goes on to promote a
civil society vision of reconstruction calling for a transformation in the approach to
development to one that promotes the transformation of unequal power relations at all
levels as indispensable for the overcoming social and economic vulnerability and for the
sustainable management of natural resources. The document presents proposals for
people-centred reconstruction, including proposals related to health, human capital and
housing and around gender, young people and the environment, among others.
The document is useful for all those interested in seeing how theory translates into
practice and an example of a people-centred, gender aware strategy for reconstruction.
The proposal for reconstruction is available in Spanish from:
http://www.ccer.org.ni/documentos/publicacion_mitch.pdf
Notes: Civil Society coordinators in other countries of the region also produced
proposals for reconstruction. These documents are collected together on a CD-Rom the
details of which are available from:
http://web.idrc.ca/es/ev-7293-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
The visions for reconstruction reflected in the different country proposals were brought together in
the Central American proposal for reconstruction:
Propuesta de Reconstrucción y transformación de Centroamérica: declaración de las
Coordinadoras Nacional y las Redes Regionales, producto del Encuentro Regional de la Sociedad
Civil por la reconstrucción y el desarrollo, Espacio INTERFOROS, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 21-22 de
abril, 1999.
http://ns.rds.org.hn/post-mitch/docs/documentos/arch/mitch.html
Key words: reconstruction, civil society, power relations, vulnerability, Nicaragua,

empowerment, hurricane, hurricane Mitch, vulnerability, environment, youth,
sustainable development
Citizenry-Based and Development-Oriented Disaster Response: Experiences

and Practices in Disaster Management of the Citizens Disaster Response
Network in the Philippines
Annelies Heijmans and Lorna P. Victoria, Center for Disaster Preparedness, Quezon
City, 2001. Center for Disaster Preparedness, Quezon City. Available through
CDP:http://www.cdp.org.ph/publications/cbdodr-cdp.pdf
The document outlines a process for community-based risk management planning in

the Philippines. The document provides experiences and best-practices for addressing
vulnerabilities to disasters. The book was developed to foster exchanges and linkages
among practitioners, communities, and organizations involved in disaster management
at the local and community levels. Within the community-based framework, the
importance of gender is highlighted. The book contains a series of annexes with
checklists and tools, including an overview of disasters common in the Philippines, a
glossary of citizenry-based and development oriented disaster response terms, tools for
participatory data gathering, a damage, needs, and capacities analysis tool, and a list of
categories and factors for capacities and vulnerability analysis.
Key words: development, vulnerability, vulnerability assessment, emergency

response, capacity building, all hazard, community planning, Philippines, community
participation, Asia
Towards gender mainstreaming in environmental policies
Mariam Abramovay and Gail Lerner, 1996. 11 pp. Available through UNEP
Environmental Policies: http://www.unep.org/PDF/Women/ChapterSix.pdf (Accessed
09/05).
The report explores the differing roles, responsibilities, positions and perspectives that
women and men have in relation to natural resource use and management. Emphasis
falls on biological diversity, dry land systems and water resources. It focuses on the
provision of a strategic model for gender mainstreaming in context with the
environment and sustainable development. In the case of gender mainstreaming
concerning environmental policies it is important to understand the issues such as
validation of women’s contributions to sustainable development, assurance of women’s
rights to benefit from environmental goods and services and women empowerment.
The reports looks at seven basic proposals to help gender mainstreaming move forward
namely: 1) understanding the issues; 2) institutional; 3) women’s rights and benefits;
4) participation; 5) technical and financial support 6) empowerment and 7) the
macocontext. The aim of the seven proposals is to map out aspects of a strategy to
install a gender perspective in environmental and sustainable development
organizations, policies and management. The report will be of interest to governments,
international agencies, NGOs, business and academia linked as institutional
stakeholders to environmental concerns.
Key words: environmental policies, gender sustainable development, social

differentiation, gender mainstreaming
Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis [SEAGA] Guidelines for Emergency and

Rehabilitation Programmes
184 pp. 2001. Produced by the UN Food and Agricultural Organization’s SEAGA
programme and the World Food Program, this excellent mainstreaming resource
provides both general guidance and specific approaches with particular focus on food
security and food policy. Geared to operational staff and managers (and as a
contribution to implementation of the UN Security Council’s Resolution 1325 on women
and armed conflict), the Guidelines offer both policy and practice guidelines. Useful
general information on gender analysis is provided. This document supports the more
practice-oriented Passport to Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Emergency
Programmes - Key Analytical Questions for Designing Gender-Sensitive
Humanitarian Interventions.
Available through FAO: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/ad904e/ad904e00.htm
Key words: Practice, policy, gender analysis, emergency response, recovery
Hard Lessons Learned: Gender Notes for Tsunami Responders
Gender and Disaster Network, 2005, 2 pp. Recommendations for the response phase
following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami consolidating recommendations from GDN
members. Available through GDN: http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/ hardlessons-
gendernote1
Key words: Practice, policy, tsunami
Gender Equality in Disasters: Six Practical Rules for Working With Women and
Girls
Gender and Disaster Network, 2005, 2 pp. Six areas of concern with practice guidelines
prepared by members of the Gender and Disaster Network in the wake of the 2004
Indian Ocean tsunami. Available through GDN:
http://www.gdnonline.org/resources/genderbroadsheet.doc
Key words: Practice guide, tsunami, women, girls
Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings
2005. 100 pp. Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task force on Gender and
Humanitarian Assistance.
Available through
IASC:http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/new/content/subsidi/tf_gender/gbv.asp?
bodydetail=Gender%20and%20Humanitarian%20Assistance&publish=0
Quoting the developers: These guidelines represent joint efforts of all its members and
standing invitees namely: FAO, ICRC, ICVA, IFRC, InterAction, IOM, OCHA, OHCHR,
SCHR, UNICEF, UNDP, UNIFEM, UNHCR, ,UNFPA, WFP, WHO. UNFPA coordinated the
process of developing and publishing the guidelines on behalf of the Task Force. These
Guidelines have been developed to respond to the growing need for effective activities
to prevent and respond to Gender-Based Violence in crises. The purpose of these
Guidelines is to enable communities, governments and cooperating agencies, including
UN Agencies and NGOs, to coordinate the minimum required multi-sectoral response to
Sexual Violence during the early phase of a crisis.
The Guidelines specifically details minimum interventions for prevention and response
to sexual violence to be undertaken in the early stages of an emergency. In addition to
background information, discussion of terminology and sample reporting forms, there
are 25 very specific action sheets in these areas:
• Coordination
• Assessment and monitoring
• Protection
• Human Resources
• Water and Sanitation
• Food Security and Nutrition
• Shelter, Site Planning and NFIs
• Health
• Education
• Information, Education and Communication
Key words: IGO, gender analysis, practice guide, policy, gender-based violence,
standard
Living With Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives
2004. Inter-Agency Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

(UN/ISDR). Written for practitioners and anyone interested in disaster risk reduction,
humanitarian action, and sustainable development, this 2004 edition features examples
of action taken by individuals, communities, and governments around the world to
avoid and reduce the risks and impacts of natural and technological hazards. It provides
an overview of the evolution of the understanding of risk and disaster management;
explores the concepts of risk and vulnerability; offers lessons on how to reduce risk and
vulnerability to hazards; and discusses the importance of knowledge exchange and
information management. Free online extracts are available at
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-lwr-2004-eng.htm.
Useful information highlighting the role of local and disaster-affected women’s groups is
included, for example in Section 3.4 on Community Action. Available through ISDR:
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/basic_docs/LwR2004/ch3%20Section%204.pdf
ISBN 92-1-101050-0. 2004. Vol. I: 454 pp., Vol. II (Annexes): 130 pp. $95.00 for
both volumes. Available from the UN Inter-Agency Secretariat for the International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Palais des Nations CH 1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland;
+41 22 917 2762/2759; e-mail: isdr@un.org; http://www.unisdr.org/.
Key words: IGO, technological hazard, training and education, policy, practice,
sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian assistance, natural
hazard, community participation, women's groups
Bangladesh Red Crescent Society: The Recruitment of Female Volunteers to

Respond to Disasters
17 pp. 1999. Presents the strategy adopted by the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society on
recruiting female volunteers in its disaster management programme. Available in
English for postal costs only from the IFRC:
Key words: Bangladesh, emergency management, women professionals, emergency

relief, voluntarism
Responding to Domestic Violence in Disaster: Guidelines for Women's Services

and Disaster Practitioners
28 pp. 1997. Elaine Enarson. Discussion of domestic violence in the context of disasters
based on research conducted in the US and Canada. Draft version of paper published in
1998 by Violence Against Women. Includes two sets of recommendations: one for
emergency management authorities; one for antiviolence programs.
Available through GDN: http://gdnonline.org/resources/dv-and-disaster.doc
Key words: US, Canada, gender-based violence, practice guide, emergency

management, women's group
Challenges to reproductive health in emergencies
Wilma Doedens (WHO) and Kate Burns (UN HCR), 2001. 12 pp. Thematic issue of the
newsletter Health in Emergencies. Provides an excellent survey of critical reproductive
health issues facing both women and men, with special attention to sexual and gender-
based violence, safe motherhood in crises. Provides users with links to key documents
and resources in the area. Available through Department of Emergency and
Humanitarian Action, World Health Organization:
http://www.who.int/hac/about/en/7099.pdf
Key words: Health, gender-based violence, practice, IGO, reproductive health, men,
women
Gender and Health in Disasters
World Health Organization, Department of Gender and Women’s Health, July 2002. 4 pp.
Source: http://www.who.int/gender/other_health/en/genderdisasters.pdf
World Health Organization fact sheets provide succinct introductions to key health
concerns in disasters from a gendered perspective, including recommendations and
resources. The short length makes them useful for work with practitioners and in
community education.
Gender and Heatlh is very useful for the clear presentation of basic information and
perspectives, including key definitions, the interactions of biological and social factors,
gender roles of men in disasters, risk perception, gendered impacts including violence
and psychosocial effects, and gender issues in relief systems. Concluding
recommendations are offered about knowledge gaps and research needs, and about the
implications of the gender patterns reviews for programmes and policies. Users are also
referred to the WHO webpage for more policy statements with general guidelines and
links to additional resources, particularly Gender and Women’s Health: Women and
Disaster and Gender and Women’s Health: Gender-based Violence in Disasters.
Key words: Training, IGO, health, vulnerability, practice, policy, cross hazard, gender-
based violence, research
Gender and Humanitarian Assistance Resource Kit
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), 1999. Available through ReliefWeb:

http://www.reliefweb.int/library/GHARkit
The IASC Task Force on Gender and Humanitarian Assistance, co-chaired by OCHA and
WHO In May 1999, endorsed the “Policy Statement on Mainstreaming Gender into
Humanitarian Response” and the related background document. This Resource Kit is
intended to help IASC members, and others, to implement the policy.
The Kit is an excellent resource though now somewhat dated. It contains key analytic
documents as well as many of the guidelines and checklists (also included in the
Sourcebook). It is organized in these six major sections with links in each to 5-10 key
documents:
-Mainstreaming gender in the humanitarian response to emergencies
-Policies and standards
-Analytic documents
-Best practice in gender mainstreaming in emergencies
-Guidelines and checklists
-Tools for planning and training

Users are directed in particular to the Gender and Emergencies Annex prepared by the
FAO which includes supplementary descriptive material for many of the materials
referenced in the Sourcebook:
http://www.reliefweb.int/library/GHARkit/FilesFeb2001/gender_annex.htm
Key words: IGO, gender mainstreaming, practice guides, policy, cross hazard,
humanitarian response, good practice
Weaving Gender in Disaster and Refugee Assistance: A Report
Patricia Morris for the InterAction Commission on the Advancement of Women, 2003.
52 pp. Available through InterAction:
http://www.interaction.org/files.cgi/2406_Weaving_Report.pdf
Refugee and disaster assistance efforts have begun to grapple with gender issues and
their effects on complex emergencies. To contribute to the development of “best
practice” in this field, InterAction organized two opportunities for representatives of
member agencies and donors to share experiences and lessons learned. This report
therefore covers the two meetings and documents and presents new ways of working in
the field, aimed at enabling both women and men to be full participants and
beneficiaries in humanitarian and refugee assistance. With examples from Angola,
Rwanda, Uganda, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, Eritrea, Congo
Brazzaville, Ghana, Guinea, Cambodia, Bosnia, Vietnam, and Afghanistan, the report
lists both challenges and success stories encountered when using a gender
programming approach.
In addition, the report makes five recommendations on how to improve services by

incorporating gender in the assistance to displaced persons, and also provides a
checklist for the Identification of gender roles and needs during crises. The report
strongly concludes that weaving gender into the goals, scope, and design of relief
efforts should be at the core of what it means to provide emergency assistance. It will
be of most interest to disaster responders including donors, humanitarian agencies, and
relevant government departments.
Key words: gender and disaster response, gender and refugees, gender and
displacement, practice, policy, cross hazard
Gender, Emergencies and Humanitarian Assistance
Bridget Byrne with Sally Baden, 1995. 82 pp. One of the earliest and strongest pieces
on the practical issues facing girls and women in emergencies and how relief efforts can
and should be reshaped to meet these. The authors argue against the vicitimization
theme often implicit in traditional women-and-development approaches. The full
participation of women as active subjects is called for and practical guides identified for
promoting this. The report is still essential reading for policy development and
practitiones. Available through ReliefWeb:
http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwt.nsf/libHome?
ReadForm&Query=libByKeyword_7&cat=Gender
Key words: policy, practice, emergency management, gender analysis, relief, women,
girls, practice guide
Disaster risk reduction: mitigation and preparedness in development and

emergency programming
Key words: NGO, practice, policy, community, mitigation, preparedness, risk

methodology, natural hazard, aid programming, risk reduction, implementation
As Tsunami Recedes, Women's Risks Appear
4 pp. 2005, February 9. Corrie Pikul. Available through Women’s e-news:

http://www.womensenews.com/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2137
The press release reports that women in the countries hit hardest by the tsunami face
heightened risks of rape and other forms of violence and unmet health needs. Several
groups are working to build public awareness of the dangers faced by women and the
girls in the hardest tsunami hit countries: Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Maldives, and to
raise funds specifically earmarked to protect not only women’s physical safety, but also
their health, dignity and psychological well being.
Key words: Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Maldives, violence, women, children, rape, physical
abuse, health, aid distribution
The Impact of Disasters on Women
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. 2002.
Pp. 315-326 in Section Five: Effects of Damages. Manual for Estimating the Socio-
Economic Effects of Natural Disasters.
The differential impacts of disasters on women are analyzed in this new section of the
handbook, including discussion of measuring direct and indirect impacts on women’s
productive and reproductive labor. A case study is inluded drawing on hurricane Mitch in
El Salvador. The case study can be used alone for teaching or training or the chapter
used as a model of research and policy analysis from a gender perspective. Available
through Provention: http://www.proventionconsortium.org/files/eclac/10women.pdf
Key words: Vulnerability assessment, gender analysis, livelihood, El Salvador,
hurricane Mitch
Gender, disaster and conflict: a human settlements perspective
UN-Habitat Disaster Management Program, January 2004. 3 pp.

Available through Habitat:
http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/rdmu/documents/GenderDMP.pdf
This brief concept note from UN Habitat makes explicit the intersecting risks women
face in conflict situations, natural disasters and the increasingly common convergence
of these two forces. Several action points are identified. The document concludes:
"Times of disaster and conflict leave populations in situations of crisis and upheaval.
The way that men and women experience these crises are very different. Disaster and
post conflict programming must, at its heart, seek to support populations to cope,
recover, rebuild, and protect themselves against future threats. In order to do this, the
different roles and capacities of men and women must be recognized, considered and
built upon in the wider context of human development strategies. Thus, linking gender
with disaster and post conflict programming is central for the connections between
relief and development. These linkages will, in combination, help to promote reduction
of vulnerability of whole populations, both women and men, to future risks, and
promote gender equality and human development more broadly."
Key words: complex emergency, conflict, housing, men, women, vulnerability
Education in Emergencies
2005 (November draft), 7 pp. Source:

www.gdnonline.org/resources/education-draft3-7nov.pdf
Chapter excerpted from the Handbook On Gender Mainstreaming In Humanitarian

Action currently under development by the UN Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs and its partners. This chapter incorporates minimum standards
and good practice models developed by Inter-Agency Network on Education in
Emergencies to help planners anticipate and exploit opportunities for promoting gender
sensitive educational programming in crisis response and reconstruction. The chapter, a
model for those to follow, asks and answers these key questions: What must be known
in order to meet minimal gender-fair standards in education in emergencies? What
actions are needed to ensure gender mainstreaming in education in emergencies? What
are the best indicators for assessing gender mainstreaming in education in
emergencies?
Key words: Education, gender analysis, policy, practice guide, good practice
From the field: gender issues in disaster response and recovery
Kristina Peterson, 1997, 2 pp. Then a Disaster Recovery Specialist with Church World
Service, the author draws on years of experience working with low-income women to
move the discussion from vulnerabilities to the considerable leadership and
organizational skills of grassroots women. Printed in a special edition of the Natural
Hazards Observer on Women and Disasters 21 (5).
Available through the University of Colorado:

http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/o/mayo97/mayo97a.htm#
Key words: US, all hazard, grassroots, empowerment, multi-hazard, vulnerability
Battered Women in Disaster: A Case Study of Gendered Vulnerability
Elaine Enarson, 1998. Transcript of an on-line presentation and group discussion

sponsored by the Emergency Information Infrastructure Partnership (EIIP) with
supporting documents, guidelines for women’s services, guidelines for emergency
managers, and additional materials. Available through the EIIP Forum Archives:
http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/980603.htm
Key words: US, Canada, practice guide, gender-based violence, research, vulnerability
Making good policy into good practice
Greet, P., 1994, Focus on Gender, vol. 2 (1): pp.11-13.
"This paper looks at the role of women and the way they should be brought into
development policy. It first examines their role in drought-stricken Mozambique, where
women carried out their normal daily activities which kept their families alive, such as
carrying heavy bundles of firewood and water and searching for food. They bore the
strongest impact of the drought. When development workers and observers visit such
areas, men tend to be the ones who speak up for the women, often giving a distorted
picture of what really happens and the true picture of women. There has been a greater
emphasis on providing more effectively for women by the UN and NGOs. However, the
recurrence of emergencies or crises demonstrates the failure of development strategies.
Part of the failure has been the result of marginalizing women's needs and women's
role in production and development. There has been a failure to recognise the central
role played by women. Some suggestions for ways to redress this situation are
outlined. The first is the notion of gender awareness, where responses to and
perceptions of women should be included; they should be consulted. Secondly, so as
properly to address given situation, it is important to have an informed picture of the
affected populations. Once this is done, it is possible to provide assistance in a way
which is sensitive to women's needs. Finally, training and effective staff development
policies should focus on strategies to bring more women into decision-making positions
in relief and development organisations." (abstract in Gender and Emergency Annex)
Key words: Mozambique, drought, research, community, practice, policy, NGO,

emergency response, development
Gender and Conflict Early Warning: A Framework for Action
Authors: Susanne Schmeidl with Eugenia Piza-Lopez
Published by: Ineternational Alert and Swiss Peace Foundation
Date Published: June 2002
Summary:
The paper presents an initial framework on how to ‘engender’ early warning. More
specifically, the process, and benefits can be understood as follows:
1. Incorporating gender-sensitive indicators into information collection and

subsequent analysis allows for previously overlooked signs of instability to be taken into
account and concentrates early warning at a grassroots level, anticipating conflict
before it spreads to high politics.
2. Incorporating gender analysis and perspectives into the formulation of

response options ensures discriminatory policies are not perpetuated in post-
conflict situations, or new found freedoms reversed. It also ensures that responses at
a political and humanitarian level address the vulnerabilities specific to women
and men.
These proposals aim to make early warning more comprehensive, ‘earlier,’ and
preventive actions more effective and permanent.As more comprehensive and quality
early warning that include gender analysis increase the likelihood of political will,
engendering early warning has far-reaching benefits that go beyond the protection of
vulnerable groups.
URL: http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/INTLALERT_genderandconflic
tearlywarning.pdf
Key words: early warning, conflict, framework, indicators, grassroots, gender analysis
Knowledgebase - Key Resources

This page contains key resources on gender and disaster risk reduction translated in several languages
to benefit a wider audience. Visit the Gender and Disaster Sourcebook for a more comprehensive list (2005
and earlier).
Gender Sensitive Disaster Management: A Toolkit for Practitioners. This Toolkit authored by Chaman Pincha is
the outcome of a research study undertaken to understand gender mainstreaming strategies used by
NGOs and the Government in the context of their responses to and management of the Tsunami
aftermath in Tamil Nadu. The field outcomes were analyzed through a gender perspective to
understand the differential impact of disasters and coping strategies on women/girls, men/boys, and
other marginalized groups, including Aravanis. Download the toolkit here or from Think Beyond
Boundaries website.
Training Materials for Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction

This set of materials was designed and collated by Maureen Fordham (with help from colleagues in
UNDP, UNISDR, Oxfam, AIDMI) for a Training of Trainers for UNDP. It was first delivered in Colombo,
Sri Lanka in December 2007. It is currently being revised and will be delivered again for UNDP in
Nepal in December 2008. Users are invited to take whatever individual elements seem useful to them,
bearing in mind it was developed for a specific purpose and context. Please forward to GDN
adaptations, other examples, case studies, tools and resources so that we can continue to build this
Gendered Disaster Risk Reduction (GDRR) resource.
FACILITATOR MATERIALS
Title Word Related

document Powerpoint
00 Introductory Notes 123KB
01 Key Gender Concepts 763KB 71KB
02 Applied Policy 342KB 5.0KB
03 DRR 123KB 363KB
04 Applied GDRR 1.9MB 1.7MB
05 Finding Common
1.9MB 286KB
Ground
PARTICIPANTS' MATERIALS
(Contains the same material as the Facilitator Materials (except for a few notes/instructions for
Facilitators) but is handed out in a staged process.
Handouts
Folder Materials
(to be distributed
Title (to be handed out
after relevant
at the start)
activities)
02 Applied Policy 85KB 274KB
03 DRR 81KB 69KB
04 Applied GDRR 359KB 1.6MB

05 Finding Common
463KB 1.5MB
Ground
Please report broken links: gdn@gdnonline.org
Position Paper, UNFCCC COP 13, Gender cc, GDN, and other women's organisations. Bali,
Indonesia, December 2007. (167KB)
Highlighting the needs and capacities of women and girls, men and boys in disaster risk
reduction. GDN Oral Statement at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, First Session.
Geneva, Switzerland. June 2007. (35KB)
Gender Equality in Disasters: Six Principles for Engendered Relief and Reconstruction.
Gender and Disaster Network. (53KB) (54KB)
Hard Lessons Learned: Gender Notes for Tsunami Responders. Elaine Enarson, Gender and
Disaster Network. (53KB) (54KB)
WOMEN, DISASTER, AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: Planning Guidelines for Programs,

Coalitions, and Disaster Practitioners. Elaine Enarson. (48KB)
Issues Facing Women after Disasters. Elaine Enarson. (25KB)
UNSC Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security: 82 Translations downloadable from
PeaceWomen's website.
Working with Women at Risk: Practical Guidelines for Assessing Local Disaster Risk.This is
a workbook for training community women to conduct hazard assessments and plan mitigation for
their local neighborhoods. The model was developed and tested in communities in the Dominican
Republic, El Salvador, St. Lucia and Dominica. Elaine Enarson with Lourdes Meyreles, Marta González,
Betty Hearn Morrow, Audrey Mullings, and Judith Soares. International Hurricane Center, Florida
International University, June 2003. English (1.0MB) español (643KB)
We need volunteers to help us translate some of our key resources, if interested please email us: gdn
gdnonline.org.
Knowledgebase - Key Resources
This page contains key resources on gender and disaster risk reduction translated in several languages
to benefit a wider audience. Visit the Gender and Disaster Sourcebook for a more comprehensive list (2005
and earlier).
Gender Sensitive Disaster Management: A Toolkit for Practitioners. This Toolkit authored by Chaman Pincha is
the outcome of a research study undertaken to understand gender mainstreaming strategies used by
NGOs and the Government in the context of their responses to and management of the Tsunami
aftermath in Tamil Nadu. The field outcomes were analyzed through a gender perspective to
understand the differential impact of disasters and coping strategies on women/girls, men/boys, and
other marginalized groups, including Aravanis. Download the toolkit here or from Think Beyond
Boundaries website.
Training Materials for Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction

This set of materials was designed and collated by Maureen Fordham (with help from colleagues in
UNDP, UNISDR, Oxfam, AIDMI) for a Training of Trainers for UNDP. It was first delivered in Colombo,
Sri Lanka in December 2007. It is currently being revised and will be delivered again for UNDP in
Nepal in December 2008. Users are invited to take whatever individual elements seem useful to them,
bearing in mind it was developed for a specific purpose and context. Please forward to GDN
adaptations, other examples, case studies, tools and resources so that we can continue to build this
Gendered Disaster Risk Reduction (GDRR) resource.
FACILITATOR MATERIALS
Word Related
Title
document Powerpoint
00 Introductory Notes 123KB
02 Applied Policy 342KB 5.0KB
03 DRR 123KB 363KB
04 Applied GDRR 1.9MB 1.7MB

05 Finding Common
1.9MB 286KB
Ground
PARTICIPANTS' MATERIALS
(Contains the same material as the Facilitator Materials (except for a few notes/instructions for
Facilitators) but is handed out in a staged process.
Handouts
Folder Materials
(to be distributed
Title (to be handed out
after relevant
at the start)
activities)
02 Applied Policy 85KB 274KB
03 DRR 81KB 69KB
04 Applied GDRR 359KB 1.6MB
05 Finding Common
463KB 1.5MB
Ground
Please report broken links: gdn@gdnonline.org
Position Paper, UNFCCC COP 13, Gender cc, GDN, and other women's organisations. Bali,
Indonesia, December 2007. (167KB)
Highlighting the needs and capacities of women and girls, men and boys in disaster risk
reduction. GDN Oral Statement at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, First Session.
Geneva, Switzerland. June 2007. (35KB)
Gender Equality in Disasters: Six Principles for Engendered Relief and Reconstruction.
Gender and Disaster Network. (53KB) (54KB)
Hard Lessons Learned: Gender Notes for Tsunami Responders. Elaine Enarson, Gender and
Disaster Network. (53KB) (54KB)
WOMEN, DISASTER, AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: Planning Guidelines for Programs,

Coalitions, and Disaster Practitioners. Elaine Enarson. (48KB)
Issues Facing Women after Disasters. Elaine Enarson. (25KB)
UNSC Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security: 82 Translations downloadable from
PeaceWomen's website.
Working with Women at Risk: Practical Guidelines for Assessing Local Disaster Risk.This is
a workbook for training community women to conduct hazard assessments and plan mitigation for
their local neighborhoods. The model was developed and tested in communities in the Dominican
Republic, El Salvador, St. Lucia and Dominica. Elaine Enarson with Lourdes Meyreles, Marta González,
Betty Hearn Morrow, Audrey Mullings, and Judith Soares. International Hurricane Center, Florida
International University, June 2003. English (1.0MB) español (643KB)
We need volunteers to help us translate some of our key resources, if interested please email us: gdn
gdnonline.org.
3.1 MANAGING THE PROCESS

These four sessions provide an overview of what managing an M&E activity entails and the tools
available. They emphasise opportunities to ensure the use of M&E results, as well as a quality
process and products..
The sessions are designed to run in sequence. Session 2, Evaluation standards, is especially
appropriate when training is focused specifically on evaluation, but offers some alternatives
when it is not.
Session 4 is a three-hour role play that gives participants the chance to practice using material
covered in sessions 1 – 3 as well as sessions in Part 2.
OBJECTIVES
Session 1 - Managing M&E activities for results - focus on use
• Participants identify key steps in managing and carrying out M&E activities and
understand how a focus on the use of M&E results shapes these steps.
Session 2 - Evaluation standards
• Participants can situate the use of programme evaluation standards as a reference to guide
and assess both evaluation process and products.
Session 3 - Terms of Reference
• Participants can situate the Terms of Reference for an M&E activity as a critical
management tool.
• Participants can identify specific elements that help to ensure quality process and
products.
Session 4 - Managing the process: role play
• Participants identify key steps in managing and carrying out M&E activities as well as
the implications of focusing on the use of M&E results.
• Participants can identify different kinds of participation of stakeholders, including
children, as well as the implications for managing M&E activities.
SESSIONS
3.1.1 MANAGING M&E ACTIVITIES FOR RESULTS: FOCUS ON USE
Managers of M&E activities should be familiar with the steps that the actual 'doers' of M&E are
taking. Managers have a critical role in facilitating and ensuring the good work of monitoring or
evaluation experts or teams, and thus ensuring the quality of both the process and products. This
session provides an overview of what managing an M&E activity entails and how that
management role can be focused to promote the end use of M&E conclusions, lessons, and
recommendations. Session material integrates reference to crisis and unstable contexts.
 Managing M&E activities for results - focus on use
A presentation is given on the key steps in carrying out an M&E activity, after which
FN participants work in groups to identify key tasks for managers in terms of looking for
opportunities to ensure quality. Concepts of utilisation-focused M&E are introduced and
again through groupwork and plenary discussion participants are invited to identify the
key points where the focus on end use of M&E activities should influence the process.
 Key steps in carrying out M&E activities
CCS  Managing M&E activities - opportunities to ensure quality
 Focus on use and users
OH -
LINKS TO OTHER MODULES
Module 1.2.1 Evolutions of approaches and value judgements in M&E. This session can be an
important lead in for session 3.1.1 or provide background reading to broaden participants
horizons about approaches to evaluation and to further understand possible preconceptions about
evaluation among different stakeholders.
Module 2.1.1 Setting the context: planning M&E in crisis and unstable contexts. This session can
be used as an introduction to underline the practical contextual considerations for managing the
process in crisis and unstable contexts.
4.1.1 Framing information needs. This session is a useful overview to the process of defining
information needs which frame the eventual scope of an M/E activity.
4.3.2 Gender and age. This session readings include important material about how gender and
age considerations can be brought more effectively into the evaluation process, starting from the
very initial dialogue with stakeholders.
4.5.1 Focusing M&E activities on decision-makers needs. This session elaborates further on the
connection between evaluation purpose, decision-makers questions and M/E questions.
Module 5.1.1 Criteria for judging methods. This session seeks to clarify and contrast different
criteria – traditional ‘scientific’ and alternatives oriented to qualitative and participatory data
collection – used in judging data collection methods. As such it challenges some of the
preconceptions about M/E that disallow wider stakeholder and primary stakeholder participation.
3.1.2 PROGRAMME EVALUATION STANDARDS
Programme evaluation standards, which are structured around four broad concerns - utility,
feasibility, propriety, and accuracy- are widely advocated by the international evaluation
community and recommended to guide UNICEF evaluation activities. This session emphasises
how managers of evaluations can increase the chances that standards are met.
FN  Programme evaluation standards
Through group work and plenary feedback, participants must identify the key tasks that
evaluation managers can use to promote the Evaluation Standards. Alternatively, after
sessions 3.1.3, 3.2.1 and 3.2.3, participants work individually to identify Evaluation
Standards related to material covered and then discuss in plenary as a wind up to each
session.
CCS  Programme evaluation standards
OH -
age considerations can be brought more effectively into the evaluation process, including in
interpretation of programme evaluation standards.
3.1.3 TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)
The ToR is a critical tool for managers of M&E activities. This session focuses on understanding
how the recommended contents of the ToR can help ensure a quality M&E process and results.
This includes stakeholder participation, a focus on use of M&E results, and evaluation standards
where relevant.
Session material integrates reference to crisis and unstable contexts.
 Terms of Reference (ToR)
The session begins with a brainstorming to establish a common checklist for the contents of
FN
a ToR and then moves to group work to identify how various quality concerns can be
addressed in the ToR. Alternatively, participants can critique existing ToRs. Sample ToRs
for both monitoring and evaluation activities, with strengths and weaknesses, are provided.
 What goes into a Terms of Reference (ToR)
CCS
 Resources required for M&E
 Exercise Critiquing a ToR - Sample ToRs - Evaluation of the Multi-Indicator Cluster
OH Survey
 Sample TORs for assessment, monitoring, evaluation and crisis/emergency
Module 2.1.1 Setting the context: planning M&E in crisis and unstable contexts. This session can
be used as an introduction to underline the practical contextual considerations for managing the
process in crisis and unstable contexts
4.1.1 Framing information needs. This session is a useful overview to the process of defining
information needs which frame the eventual scope of an M/E activity.
age considerations can be brought more effectively into the evaluation process, starting from the
very initial dialogue with stakeholders.
4.4. Standard and Benchmarks. This part of module 4 serves to situate performance standards
and benchmarks in relation to policy references, programme goals and eventual efforts to
measure performance in M/E activities.
4.5.1 Focusing M&E activities on decision-makers needs. This session elaborates further on the
connection between evaluation purpose, decision-makers questions and M/E questions.
4.5.2 Evaluation Criteria. This session elaborates further on standard evaluation criteria and how
they shape the scope of the evaluation. Material may provide useful additional reading.
3.1.4 ROLE PLAY - MANAGING THE PROCESS
Managing an M&E activity requires using many references on the quality of process and
products, as well as practical considerations. This session puts participants into a realistic context
where they are challenged to bring the key management considerations together.
 Managing the Process: Role Play
This session is an in-depth role play for either an Emergency Rapid Assessment or an
FN Evaluation Design. Participants are divided into groups, assigned roles and told to come
up with an initial plan that is modeled after a ToR. The feedback in plenary allows
participants to critique each other's work. Resource people also give feedback that links to
materials covered in Module 4, parts 1 and 2.
CCS  Same as for sessions 3.1.1 to 3.1.3 and 3.2.1 to 3.2.4
EX  Managing the Process: Role play - developing a rapid assessment proposal - team
instructions - phase 1
 Managing the Process: Role play - developing a rapid assessment proposal - team
instructions - phase 2
 Managing the Process: Role play - developing a rapid assessment proposal -
background materials - phase 2 (TO BE SCANNED)
 Managing the Process: Role play - developing a rapid assessment proposal - map (phase
1 and 2)
 Managing the Process: Role play - developing a rapid assessment proposal - resource
persons instructions
 Managing the Process: Role play - developing an evaluation proposal - team
instructions
 Managing the Process: Role play - developing an evaluation proposal - resource
persons
 Case study: Kids in Arms (from Module 2)
 Case study: Peace education (from Module 2)
REFERENCE MATERIALS Managing M&E activities for results
ALNAP (2001) Humanitarian Action: Learning from Evaluation. ALNAP Annual Review 2001.
Barnard, G. C. Cameron (2000) Evaluation Feedback for Effective Learning & Accountability:
Synthesis Report (OECD/DAC Working Party on Aid Evaluation)
http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00021000/M00021485.pdf.
Carlsson, J., Eriksson-Baaz, M., Fallenius, A.M., and E. Lövgren (1999) Are Evaluations
Useful? Cases from Swedish Development Cooperation Sida Studies in Evaluation 99/1
(Department for Evaluation and Internal Audit).
Center for Disease Control (1999) Framework for program evaluation in public health. MMWR
1999; 48 (No. RR-11). http://www.cdc.gov/eval/framework.htm
CIDA Performance Review Branch (2000, work in progress). CIDA Evaluation Guide. 2000.
http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cida_ind.nsf/0/061a4e025fc6fe2785256c6b00155e2d/
$FILE/ATTEMTVI/EvalGuide.pdf
Gosling, L. and Edwards, M. (2003) Toolkits: A practical guide to planning, monitoring,

evaluation and impact assessment.
OECD: “Improving Evaluation Practices: Best Practice Guidelines for Evaluation and
Background Paper”. 1999. Available in English and French at
http://www.oecd.org/puma/budget/budpubs.htm
Patton, M. 1997, Utilisation-Focused Evaluation, 3rd ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Pp
79; -85; 126-133
These two excerpts written from the evaluator’s perspectivefocus on the practical realities in
understanding evaluation use. The first makes the link between evaluation use in general terms
and the kinds of decisions-made and provides some practical tips on how to determine with
evaluation users what those decisions are. The second excerpt provides a good overview as to
how user involvement and end use as well as evaluation process and evaluator role are
influenced by situational factors.
Rebien, C. "Development assistance evaluation and the foundations of programme evaluation,"

Evaluation Review, vol. 21(4): 438-460, 1997.
Rossi, P.H., Freeman H.E., Lipsey, M.W. (1999). Evaluations: A systematic approach 6th
edition. Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, CA. pp. 54-62
This excerpt focuses on the relationship between stakeholders and evaluators and how this
features in managing the evaluation process. It includes a outline of typical key stakeholders who
use evaluation, lessons on managing the relationship including through to dissemination of
findings and recommendations, and sets this in the context of different types of evaluations
Shulha, L.M., and J.B. Cousins (1997) 'Evaluation Use: Theory, Research, and Practice since
1986' in Evaluation Practice vol. 18, issue 3, p195.
Van de Putte, B. (2001) “Follow-up to Evaluations of Humanitarian Programmes” Paper

submitted to the ALNAP Biannual meeting 26-27 April 2001.
UNICEF Evaluation Office (2004) The Quality of Evaluations Supported by UNICEF, 2000-
2001.
UNHCR Inspection and Evaluation Office (1998). Planning and Organising Useful Evaluations.
UNHCR, Geneva. Available on http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home by advanced search,
selecting Research function.
WFP Office of Evaluation (2002) Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines (draft)

See also reference materials for Module 3, part 2 “Who does what in M&E”
Terms of Reference
CIDA. How to Perform Evaluations series. “Model TOR” No. 2 April 2000 http://www.acdi-
cida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/Performancereview4/$file/Tor.pdf
CIDA Performance Review Branch (2000, work in progress). CIDA Evaluation Guide. 2000.
http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cida_ind.nsf/0/061a4e025fc6fe2785256c6b00155e2d/
$FILE/ATTEMTVI/EvalGuide.pdf
UNICEF (1991). A UNICEF Guide for Monitoring and Evaluation – Making a Difference?.
UNICEF New York
UNDP Evaluation Office (2002). Handbook on Monitoring and Evaluating for Results. UNDP.
New York
USAID: “Performance Monitoring and Evaluation – TIPS # 3: Preparing an Evaluation Scope of

Work”, 1996
Available at http:/www.dec.org/usaid_eval/#004
Programme evaluation standards

The Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (1994) “The Program Evaluation
Standards” Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.. at
http://www.eval.org/EvaluationDocuments/progeval.html
The Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation “What the Program Evaluation
Standards Say About Desiging Evaluations” at
http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/jc/DesigningEval.htm CHECK REPRODUCTION WITH The
Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation The Evaluation Center Western
Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008 This is a useful companion to the basic
Standards, providing guidance on how to use them in shaping evaluation design.
African Evaluation Association (2000) “African Evaluation Guidelines” at

http://66.165.73.167/afrea/home/index.cfm
This is a critical read for those working in Africa. It details how the Program Evaluation
Standards developed under the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation were
interpreted and adjusted by the AfrEA membership.
UNICEF. (2004) UNICEF Evaluation Report Standards.

The UNICEF Evaluation Report Standards draw from and are complementary to key references
on standards in evaluation design and process increasingly adopted in the international
evaluation community. The Standards are intended for use by UNICEF offices and partners
commissioning evaluations to establish the criteria against which the final report will be
assessed.
RELATED TRAINING MATERIALS
Active Learning Network on Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action

(ALNAP). 2003. “ALNAP Training Modules in Evaluation of Humanitarian Action” especially
“Module 3: Managing and Facilitating the Evaluation Process” at
http://www.alnap.org/training.html
Patton, Michael Quinn 1999. Utilization-Focused Evaluation in Africa

Evaluation Training lectures delivered to the Inaugural Conference of the African Evaluation
Association, 13-17 September, Nairobi at http://66.165.73.167/ afrea/content/index.cfm?
navID=18&itemID=181

Gender Analysis and Disaster Risk Reduction Resources

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> Planning and Policy Frameworks

> Gendered Vulnerability Analysis

Sexual and gender-based violence against refugees, returnees and internally

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),2003. 158 pp. Comprehensive report

Living with Disaster

60 min. Produced by Practical Action (Formerly Intermediate Technology Group).

Includes gender-aware profiles of communities responding to risk in Bangladesh,

Key words: Video, cross hazard, gender analysis, mitigation, response

Information and Resources on Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women.

Website developed by the Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality as a

For moderated on-line discussions on relevant topics:

Module 1: A Good Start Makes a Better Ending

Module 2: Seek and Ye Shall Find

Module 3: If We Organize it We Can do it

Module 4: Taking the Pulse of Gender

Module 5: In Unity there is Power

Module 6: Eyes that See… Hearts that Feel

Module 7: Practicing What We Preach

Module 8: Sharing Secrets

Module 9: Unveiling Gender

Key words: Gender analysis, community education

Women and Disaster: What's the Connection?

This innovative and wide-ranging grassroots initiative was undertaken by members of

• an evaluation of Disaster Watch activities [“Findings”:

For more information, visit the GROOTS website: http://www.groots.org/resource.htm

Mainstreaming gender in unstable environments

Oxfam UK, Humanitarian Department, 2004. 13 pp. Available through

Gender and Humanitarian Assistance Resource Kit

Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), 1999. Available through ReliefWeb:

- Mainstreaming gender in the humanitarian response to emergencies

Working with women in emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes

Key words: practice guide, INGO, gender violence, IFRC

Weaving Gender in Disaster and Refugee Assistance: A Report

In addition, the report makes five recommendations on how to improve

Gender mainstreaming guidelines for disaster management

Available through the UN Division for the Advancement of Women:

Gender, Emergencies and Humanitarian Assistance

Disaster risk reduction: mitigation and preparedness in development and

Key words: NGO, practice, policy, community, mitigation, preparedness, risk

Food Aid and Gender in Emergencies

UN World Food Programme (WFP). On-line through CRID:

Key words: fact sheet, IGO, health, relief

Gender Equity And Humanitarian Response

Key words: NGO, humanitarian relief, practice, policy

For example, trainers might well use:

Community life and disaster reduction. Natalie Domeisen

Cyclones: The Days After, R. Kabir

Disaster management, women: an asset or liability?

The needs and potential of women in emergencies. Katarina Toll

Unsung Heroines: Women and Natural Disasters

Gender Matters, Information Bulletin No. 8, US Agency for International Development..

Key words: grassroots, women's groups, capacity, empowerment, emergency

Gender and Development

Humanitarian Work. Gender and Development 9 (3), 2001.

Climate Change. Gender and Development 10 (2), 2002.

Gender and Natural Disasters Fact Sheet

Pan-American Health Organization [Women, Health and Development Program). Nd. 2

Key words: practice, policy, fact sheet, IGO

Suzanne Williams with Janet Seed and Adelina Mwau. 1994.

For permission to reproduce materials, contact Oxfam Publishing [publish@oxfam.org.uk]

Key words: training, practice, IGNO, education

The Oxfam Handbook of Development and Relief