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DOCUMENT NO.

4-0241 .. 4;19

-SAFETY -RELIEF REQUIREMENT INCASE OF EXCJlANGERTWE: FAILURE

DESCRfl>TION

1.0 ptJRpOSt

Thepurpose of'thisprocedure is

- - .-. - -

- 1) to Iay do~the-crltetia ,t~-ascertafuth~ pOSSl,,_ilityQfex;chang~r tubefailure.

-2} -to decide-when to install a reliefdevice,

- - . _. -

_3) howto specitYthe teliefIoadandoth~ C(ID_di!iOtlsin the .exchanger and PR V data sheet.

4)-how to showthePkv with necessary features ,mP8tIJl

This ,procedure shaRapplybYall_theengjneers,T¢spQilSl'ble tot carrying Out process design fora unitJo'jt.';i!e$,and_lm.1ities-sys:tem .. _particWai1y:involVed:in-the preparation oftheprecessdatasheet 'of;SheU'$d' -tubebeatexc~g~ d_ev:elbpiIigthe P&l, -

relief'Ioad andsafetydevices.datasheets, . - - -

-3.0 REFERENCES

- __ 5-,0241 .. 0111 EJL.;0241 ... 7451--1- API RP 521 -

- -

4 10M. 19

EIL.JOOOC_ ... xxx-x

_ProCedure for Preparation OfPTO~ssDe-sign Guidelines .:

~o.ce$S-Data ~eet tor~eatEx~gers - _ _ _ . .-

.: ~SlZlJlg ... selection and IilSt~fion of Pressure RelieVIng _ . ,Devi~-s-in, }l:efln_eries

- -Crane 'FIi;JW of'Fluids, _T~carPub1ications - Process Data sheet for Safety Valve - --

Sht. 20£ 'itt: -

J;J - - -=.>

.;.- -.~

,._

. ~,()

4Jl

/'--2" -

-- (' .

NONE

5-1 GENERAL'

5.1.1 As stated in the ASME.sec VtIl.Div 1 • a heat exchanger

. needs to be protected . fr-o in the "internal. failure", The API . RP 521 has gone ahead funher to define this "internal . failure" as 1) leaking t'urnefllilfle. sheet -tna 2) complete tube rupture. In theIst L'{1Se • thetluid- leaked-in ;~Fotn l--l!P. toL.PlSide will IDe small ami will :b~ relieved throuah the LP side itself without

-... . _. "-:- _.... . -

QP~'ning -the I]eJld .device. It is for the- 2ndcase·f0f which the reliefdeviee Ts _ to be spe-cified.

. 5.1.2· Forcomplete tube fllpt't.u'ecase. the. model t(l be assumed is . that onlvone -whe is_,jnvoh .. edandthe tube.bneaks somewhere

.. . . - - . - -- - .. - - - - .

,in, themiddleto reveal l\\'~ op¢n ends. The flow:r:ate calculated based en One tiuhe -C-JT0Ss~ect;iQi_1al mea willbe -eoubledtc; .. obtain, the totaIUo;.v. This model aspraP9se.d inthe .API R:P 521i~ adopted 'universallyhy all. major 'licensors .. This is the t~t: ~j' i.i 1Qelhmd to 'IDe adoJiltea for-the; s,'teCldy state case: That jS,both - . the HP and. the (Pside.have anained th'e-ifsteady pressure

'I Eo:. - values ('these rm~5sures will beexplainedlater l after the tube rupture. The bllSicorif1Cf X Crane Ltd. ) formulae w:jtha coefflcient of l.Oi!' tobeused for the calculatinn af :.the .load.

.!! ", ' , - , ,. ,

5:1.3 AhhoughpfTl1post:d :in- the APl',R:P 52'1 .• no .00¢,{;hodis:-given itt j- ;.i~ _i' !,-dlis :proceclute " fortbe 'time -t:lf~tlg • tocoverthe .transient state

'~i-;-' - -

. -- - -an~lys-is ofoverpressure, ,It Jsproposed 'to 'be take-no llpata

-later date~nd aseparaie s~t of .Suidelines \v.ilJ be issued: and merged with' t,he 'fn-e:seritpfocedut,i.- .

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- .... - ~i!~ -

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-.~ ~: f,::;_ -; ~.-: ~~i fl~:i~;t~:;- .. ~~~~ 1 f: r ~ ~ _:-

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5.2

GUIOlBLlN,fS TO DECIDE WHEN- A TUBIE RUPTURE IS

. PROBABLE -- --

- 5_2~lTu\fle ruptoreisto be.considered when

a)The ·design :P-H!SS'Ure of lhe_LPsi~e is" less than two-third of the design r>re~sure of the HP- side.

b) . The HP sidenormatoperating pressureis 'l;QQ(l psig { 70 :kgfcin2 -g} er more and contains a vapour or a Hquicl thatcan llash Of result-in vapNrisat,jOti of liquid .on ~heL_.;P side.Thls .criterla :16 he applied - regardless of the preSsUf€: differential.

. . - . -. . 6-

.. Note the US¢ of "design.'" pressure in the criteria' a). A slow

- developingleak. ifpresent,( -tlh~ll is how mostof the lube failures initiate . ).wiU .passrnorefluidJncase a nexcha ngeta ttainsthe design .pressure. i:hedes·ign: pressure is, also the0l1Iy re:1ia_ble pmametcrdf 'an .t:xtlmflg_et .. .rather tha'n-theopeta,irtg pressure.Thecoperating - pressure maybediffe.tenl than the specified due toehangetl-lhJ;oughput.upsets • human erroretc, It-has thus been dedGem to use (he- design 'pre.ssurewhUe Q~p1ying the criteria a), _N~tm<1JJY1 .thedifferencebetween the

. operating 'and the dI!Si~nfln!s~ure isnot ,much .

. However, there aeesituations when 'the-difference between the design nndoperating pte~s.vf€ js .larg€. AS· forexarnpJe, ·the settling p're'ss.urts for which lheinterst,rgecoQlers inmultistage cornpressors.nredesigned, 'ltmighthappen .that, for .sorneef thecoolers lhe 'qperadngpresslir:es .of the precess vside .isless thant he ctlOlingm_~(lh,lii1 J)f¢$sur¢~itself and yet -thej:Jesign pressure is :high~"r .. ,for -theseca5es'-lhe¢tit~riaitlaybe relaxed :hy ~cinside)1ing' the ,Orl"l~nl_Hng pressurejnstead .of . . design' pressure .• Pr6cess: .engineer must carefully analyze the situation

- iit case .by -'case 'bas·is ,and:mernI0n this in' the backup calculation ..

The basis for the two tliitlJ rule as mentioned in thecIiitetia a} is. that the :lP side can withstanda ma*imumpresstlr~~f 1.S

-:.im..:s irs Ot:"lgl1 pr.: _ ..... u re- \\ h ich js lh~ t~ ~l prf~-"lJ:r e _ thiS I" ensured when this 1'1:'" p.rcS$t!.H:eq_llals the Hf' ... .idc design pressur«.

5-:2.2 The t'lIh~ rupture srenario and the al"ow -crileria ~H to for the $1;1('11 ;fnll tuh(.' t:\:ehang\'lSi)nly. The tuh\' I-HpLttrC \,1..l·I'!:Hio is notapplicable Jnroll~l;:'r type of {,x('h;l!ngt:rsJ~nllnwi-J:lg is~t{} he considered fur lihL' double Wipe nchan~crs_

5.2.3 In case of a dill1hlc,:pirel'xch:lngcr.;~'PpJy .the ill~n\.:{:: criteria first In exph1f~\\:l~el!hnl'hct,ubc rupture is likely ;Ilid

.then mention as ~lriQtt,!- in the. p-ro\.-~$S datal· - sheet' No.EIL-02-J1-7J5-J ~ that " Tube rupture to be cOH~jJ,"rt'tr if a 'gauge -tuhe is .u s cd in the criRS-lfllct;Jrln,. -Thermal des-igner to revert back."

_ Tuhe Tuprure - scenario IS nor-to be considcrediincase of - a double pipe- exchanger constructed \\ ith "schedule" pipes- -which-is .usmilly the case. the schedulepipeis like any _ other piping in the $y:-tcmand~ltnng~J than thenormal '_'-g,lllgej, IJpe -

- tube used in the ~ht"l1 ahcll:lih~ exchancers. -

- - - -

- 5-3 - GUIDEiJ\ES 0:\- ~\V-HlE--nU2R TO -GOF'OR - A RELIFFVALVE OR lSCREASE_THELPSliDE DESIGNPRFSSL''RE.

- . . . - - - . . -

5.3.1 For the Sjllfat,jt1n as ruentiuned in caseb) .in -lihepara 5.2.1, - a .pn:Sl<\lfc- relief valve -is .ttl he provided. Note .that this.criteria is ·iHe~pect,i:\.:e tilf the - pre ....... ure dilTeJ;i:.llI-iai and so do nut

- increase -tbe ptt'ssut~of rhe LP side tu _ avoid it P.RV

installation . lh~diffitllllY;Hi"es\~:h~nt'he exchanger IS at the gr;ldek'",el ~ below. tiheHafc hl';H!Ic-r~kyat·i\ m. Thhis aLh_lt~ss:t:d in.thepm a 'hc [ow.

- - -

Fur e"whangl'r tube rupture t.::;I .... e .PR V hax l' Itl moun red un .the - shellitself or-in -th~ -adjac:t.·ntpiJling with minimum iilkl kn:gth,( See para 5.4_-1 for the in'<tallC1li(_lIl_\:it:I;lib- - the :'!lu;l'l-ii-lnis

- morestringen; here than ,libl.' inlet- ~fl_l-l·_:.;:,ure- t;lrop llf3C:C\)f the

. -

i

I

i-

"

,

;::,.-

set prC!s.sure "isprac!.isltdin other cases of the safety relief) . At . the same lime. itts (iil!mlst impossih1e topnovide any suitable arrangernentwhich can avoid any liquid accumulation in the outletlineleadlngto the. flanebeader .

Matter ,is simple 'if therelief discharge can becrmnectedto another low pressure sink with free draining the outlet line. As a lirst Chtlice, always explore .thls -possibility_. Ot'herwiset,here exits: two tlptlnns when the exchanger is below theflare header -- e leva tion:

a) Increase th~ exchanger elevation ( which will. implyabove lilkflare header) so .that the PRV

drainine to the flarebenden, - . - ----

...... - - .

·au~oinatically outlet is free

bJConnect .l'he 'relief discharge li~) it local knock Out drum ( which, will- floatwith the Ilareheuder land the liquidflutnping {lillt/'dis:posal system. This a15C;]- mayrequirea slightly elevated'

exchanuer -in order to .makethe PRY outlet free xlraininz

. ~ . . . . ... -

towards the: vessel,

The decision on th~'::I(klpliGn ofa particular optlon , sizing of vessel • liquid ·drainageJpurnpingetc. are project specific and to be carefully mnaH~~d bythe concerned process engineerqs), This is not addressed further in this 'procedure.

5.3.2Fot- the cother' 'situation as ·meiltihnedin_'ease. b)!o para 5.2.1. use th~ decision chartattached fernscertajning whether to install .fhePRVor not, Nflte· that eIhphaslshm..'ebee n .gh·e_ n .to avoid putting a :p,R Vby increasing the LP'sided~sign'pie·ss·1,ir~ .. If the tPfluid i.s ,in the channel side .itis always proposed-to

.. do soas the ('o!'tpe,naltyis not rnuchH the LPfluid is In the shetlside. then' del;jendirty.upon:theexchangerl"lcat,ion. size. 'MOC.PRV to he installed if it is. Ielr: that itisa costlier .proposhien to increasethe LP side designpressure.

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]-

Ref: S.J.2Pc..~_ : Decision chart-for ascertaining whether a PRV to be installed

Yes

No

I$-thetx¢hc• loc8,t:ed below''''''_-..,..-~

fla-re'header

eleva,tion

1$ the Lpfluid: in--sh~ll $ide.?

Cantne relief _ _

d ischa.rgeb~c0nnec-ted. - to a lo.w pre$_su£e - - de$tinat~il~fn with~ -fFe~ -drC\-ioning prov:isiQn -or

-to __ P:t,maspne,re

-- Yes-

__ c-_-_- -.

--

- -Is the relief -d1t_seha,tge

f-'ully va'p_ouro.r vaplll(j,Yes - n\.fx:tut·:e· @~lQ_rel'H!::ade-r - - - .-' --,--: condi:~tion (a,t ze'ro

bac)~ -press in; -fla:,re

header

-,"·r".

NO-

Examinewhel:her the __

relie:f 41seha-tge _

-cati ,be $oI'Ule-eted to' ,No fla.:re -:p.-epending: .on - --the--: hature'O'fthe fluid:. -

- ':" - . - ..

-J

..

.e _- _

__ j

J -:yes-

Ca'nthe liquid --dl$cha;l';g"'- '_~o

-be cGFlnected -toclGsed - l'----'--~-----l

-blowGown,

.cs She-lI - costl:y,-

Ar~a. _ - >$ 00 m~ - MOC

press. ratio <11. .~~_ - _ Pl1'ess ra:t.to<1.5

~Note_ -3) (p"ote 2) "

- ... ----- _-

,t!ibte_: '~J

-ShellCS -

_Ar~a_ <500 ~~.

, -press.- ra-tio <2.0

- '9i0t.e ~l -

-Sh~ll

Inc;rea;se- ,tne desigrtl'res5Ure ' o.t' LP s-ic;le;t.otwe'-"t:hirdo'f the design iPre$S1J:re of tpe

HiP -5 iQ~__. 1 _

No

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o-

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II !

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------ _-

-@1-

- _--Put reI iet valve On tone

:-:.,."

-LPside

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-_Yes ,

r !

! (-

;-:-!:h;

-,

_j-- :

.;~7-=-_.

--'-)

-iJ--:---

--~

Note J: These are fheoroad-guidc-!ines based onthe survey Gone for big projec-ts. For agiven pl'oje-cl,: always, consultwith -H'MT-D for the COSI_ factor _hetol'€ -deCidi mg not go tiara relief valve . Atso clientand licensor is to be jnformed, if necessary, on case to case basis .

N Ole - 2: pressure ra_tio- -:- Requireddesign pL for the ~.t.P _ side to satis_:fy tme_ two-shirdcriteria -cli~,idedby- rm€ designpr. of-tfue LP _ - side -from normal pro-cess consideration.

N.,., c. J, l '. ~~_l·-f£~}l - -;1 :. ~: ~&l..

. _- -

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~ ~.!'I .... ~~ ~~~~~~~.J~=::_d:i· ~~~~.~ .. !) ~~ ~.;-

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- ; ~- ~~ .. ~- r .. .; i:i~·r .\~.

: e ,

... :=- ~ - - ,; 1--;':'=-0;. - '!'

-~Jnst:lll~ninn of iT PH, V does not.ruean t)1;11 the -HIP fluid ingre-ss 'can-bepreveruedin the LP side cJ(W.1r1S1fc<l111 lupsl,ream during-a tuberupture, The pllfJmsetjf llhe nelief deviceis -10 prevent only lhee-xt.h<mgt!rdamag~ due to. overpressure and n-ot meant to prevent -:Lpslde n 1 ntam i na t;j o n ..

5A -GUUJEUNES 'ON THE 1'1E~:1S TO BE SPECIFIED I

- - IN:Co.RJ~;ORA1EID IN T'I-,JE PROCESS PACKAGE

- 'D-"OhU-'·M· ;tp"'-r-'s-

.. ~" .. ~._ '.II ·~·F'II ." ..

5A.-1 Wb¢n-itis'decided nottoinstal! aPRV.--

al_t ncosparure tille - i nereasedvalueof the ·(h:sign pJ1~SS 11 lie _of the LP_ side in the process :dtll~l sheet- --EIL-0241-745-1of exchanger-ccharmeler the shell side whichever is- applicable.

- ~

.~

!

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h~, - After innia~ing lhl;!di:!signpressUJie uf the ttX<;hanger - _ .check_'i:\'hetlh ertihe!':am eca nbe 'spe cifitH:i' for the inletlout;Iet piping without changing the exi~J;ing pipings;~~cs. If yes.

_Jnu(~i'IJOr.a_le ·{,his .in t;h~ line list. - --

c) Aft_erinl"Feasing lhedes.ig_np:Iii'SS'ute of'the 'exchanger ,if the :jnkl/Olakt :1inet ... ningis 'lower than th~ltof the e~xch3ug~r nozzles • -spe ci fy the' T.Hi n gch it ilgt: .in th~_ p-~~ In~l.t_ JI~l ~ .S:Xt:-h~n g{f :in/eu! nozzles . Refer ,thtt ~~·ket(hDlf{}r; deulib.-Thc: 'rrr/n\jf lines

- ~. .~ .• .r. - _ - _ : .; ~ _ _. - ~.; .. - - . . ~ -_~ _ . ~ .~. _ ._-- ~ ~ _ _ --

totheexchanger istobe T¢la~nc:d:':ls_a lOi.v¢,tl't1rlng, . - ---.

The 'extentuptm which' ,rhe:hlghet design pressure .can 'be adopted in the -upsHieamand clownstlteam-S}'Slem-.is-a:hvaYs-a

--- -di;'!ba.tahh~ Issue. tl)ejd_~~LofJieSHiicling l~erallingQnly . upto the

exchanuer nozzles - is that- -,·heexc.ha['u!:etat .Ieast w iIlbe

- ~- - --_ -

. protected __ from - damage due- to - overpressure which rs

. consideredmore .catastrephictbantbe pipe-line rupture. A pfP~ _-qm at leasrbe Fc--pbced .mone eas-lly thanan exchanger ;

- ,

-j

.e . ,

~.

°c 7/

-.! -

_ 5.4.2 - When it ,is dCf.:idctf- tn-install a,saft;tyrciic.fvalvc.

a} ._Tht,. PR V for tiUtilt: ruptureis 10 h~d.ecl_icaled andloca red en the eXi;-hal1gr:-r --in ~LHtSlion . No other PRY Jorated -clQwns-tl"e-;Jm:l'p!<t!r~'I_m in the L.P system to be "used" to . relieve

-llleh'JHd .. irrespective of whether any Isolatlon -va-Ivecolnes or .

nNt-bel\\'een- lihis dedk.lfedPRV _ and the -, other - PRY dowastreamrupstrearn. Nermally, theother PR:VwiH be located liem~nel_y ( -eg downsrneumrolumn. top, vessel cic.) and the lime

- interval for Jhl!' - shock - wave tnl nsmission - from' lhesollrceof rupture may hI! _mtmt before lhe PRV opem;;( -APl"RP 521 :fl I,6.}-lt Is 'tnhe -note!.!1 -tlh<ltt~e PRY f(;1f otihc;;>'r failure tl_§esopen undt'rsIHt;icptessur~. whereas in tuhe rupture , :itis by the pressure wuve.

- brIll theP&JD~shtIlW IlheNtVrightori the-exchanger s,heUtop

-prd~Trihly inthe middlenf the lube bundle: with 'a -minimum

-_piOf_ling_ inkt-l~,nSlh. Refl:!.f sketch tn fordetails. --_-

5.1 t

- cl~-1en1i{m in-the "service" - column of nozzle.details of 'process data sheelnfl_ClL-_N2Jl· 745-1 of theexchanger n safety relief valve for woe rupurre ;_- sh .... n side-or tUhe'-shle_" . Mentionthe site as." hold" \\;hiltl',issuin!! thedata 'sheet forceniments.cPut

-._. _" -~ - ~ - "_ . - _.. -

the nozzle rat-ingconitistc;:-nt with the- -design pressure ef the-\~xchang¢r. '\Vhil~ issuing f{lr -e:n_g:inl!~-ril!ig~'$p~(::ifythenQz7;le '~jze -shmeas 'the _ in'le:i:'~n:tioh: si~e'Qf ---die' -·:PRV as ;giveuby

Inslr1Jrnental'i~~-n.:.:b~;pt.. _ _:_ . -

---dJ0rt_ly one 'pRV- ,to -be considered for -l(ih~ruptJ.Jre -case, Although:-ccin~idefl:!d-to :hl;!-anQlilerationtl) :falh:irecits_ :~occ:upance is T;u;e.l'he isoia rio n vnt\'e i.,tpi-:l;rtUlm and tl_o~\'psrreatnofPRV .- to ht! $f1l.;"dHeO in-- atcHfclanc~ to the Process Design-(}uiddihe

_ -rio. -22._ llo\\'cve r_ e . shouM ::jt Jelt _cfll':~CessarY-lQpr01;:i-de.ail_ iso1il Hon valve -~l inlet (- ·idea is to lake: PRVfotma-intenaI)c!e with a J1j_s·k_ while the- processis on-).-it_ must -be dorurncntedintheback ·up

. rnentioninau deviation .• · - ,'-

4" """'-

!. - ,.

-: 1

- .... - -

- .~ - ., ~

:, ...

5.5 _CALcuLAtION OF -THE ItlE:t.;N,SVING LOAD AND SNECIF'_¥lNG OTH'ER 'CONDITlo.NSIN--THI: - ,PRY DATA SHEET NO. E;lLxx'x,x·:~);,x"x.

- - ........

5.$. '1011l'1:ili~dc(idedtH :install fi 'PR V,H1C ;fullowing Iormulue to he: used,t{'lCilkulal~the(,Jow HlfiAUgh the nll~tutt·(!lof'H!ning. Sim"c the trcarmentis fonthestendy.srate .rhe weight How in :kglht so. calculated through the - ruptured'opening willbe jhrough-the PRV-_aJso.

_the LP'sicJt:mll1maliy have. somecapacity tOO absorb the flew, -Slnce it i~cliffkll1t-10 C!stnMishthis - ,conX'incingly,no9'-e<:Htist0 bit taken •

_ Each of t ~e :thn6\\cing 'case's ,cHntai nthegu ideU ne Oil- what a net how to spl!tify the Joad andorher conditions-in tbePRV dar'a sheet.

TWH conditions are to he. specified in the data sheet .. one for _ the HP' sidefluid retieved t:hrolJj!h the :PRVand the ol,her__·

.. - - - - - - . ._, .. - "_ -_

LP sid~ - nuldjl~eI(. Tht!PRV robe sized f0rbQl'h and

pfi{O)\ldlttl f<ilt theconmollingcase. This is so. as it isa.tgueq that the tubeopening may ~, fast .enough sothat 'the' :LPside fluid maynot he 'funy dis.ptacedns,-'lhe :PRV - starts .retieving .

iri,an't~e.qISes. it "is -to;h¢,-,as_s.~mle("tr_at ~~Q-bea{f.~ri~·~fer. :h,kes_

placeonce ihe tphe ~rupt~re:occurs. -

5.5.2 UP -side is liquid: 'and: -flbw -'through' -[upture~·jthout :ph;:lsc - 1-

_change.

( .anoriflceceefficientof -1.0h~\'e been-used here )

.- .;

i -

- I

I -

!

i _

w - -- -J;low ,r-ate.kg.lhr.

d _;. .. - ,lD~_of -{,he tuhe:mm.

AP -,. :OesignflfTe~slIre of -the- HIP side.kglctn-2a ,;..;oJ.1 limes thedesign _flr~ssul'ie,kg!tm2a

- nfl'heLP sicle{bt.tihe relieving

pressure].

P . .,- Density of theliquid; --kg..lm3at-the oflttrtlt,ing temperatuneof tht! up- side. Use designtemperatureIf coincident wjrh -. dcsi£;n pressure.

60

,..

'theH0\vS('1 calculatedis the liP-side li~uicl -t:lowing. thflolJg.h

lht! np_cmiIlg.-F"ollhWing tobe -adopted. forthe 'PRv data sheet:

- -

Case J: Sp~_cify:the HP side -Jiqpid as the re:Jievlng fluid.

i) theflow as C;:iJcuhlted ~IS above

ii) -the irated capadty _0f .the pumpzcernpressor upstream-or established -hy rnateninltsalance orrnaximurnperrnitted -by the ,-

control \'ah'eup/do\Vn~lfeam~ -

:-

.-

01 Setpressure: Ijp side design .pressure.orIesser (de:pending .on

bther -prQcessreasons_ ··in lheLJ>s1d~} ~Kg!ttn2g. - :-

(:1 'Overpressure: - 1'0% -df the set pres su re,

- -d) Relieving' tempera ture ~O.pe.ra ting- tempe ratoreefthe HP

-'side liqiricl. Sp_et'ifyt-he ~desigf1 --temperatuteif -it iscoitrcidefil

with-the design .p- ressure, _ -

- . i' "', '0'

"

~ -

• I

....

.f .:- .... _

e) Properties :HP _side-li{;luid'prl,'pert'ies at the relie ..... ,ing

- {;.'6ndhli(1JfULi~Il!id: JH'opC!,f{lies will -nt'lt -uil_detgo anychnnge at the

TCt:lie-vingpfte-ssure. --

- - -

Case 2: sfJt~ciry as an alternatecase theL~ side :fluid.

oJ Load; Specify th~LP sid_eflu_id Bmw late same as the V0hl1Tie:tr-ic equlvalent .as. t-heloa-dd~terminedii1the tas~l -aQ~lVert1r Hi' Iiquid~Obtain thte kg/ruitJa4 by rfiulr:i~tyjng \V;lth ,propel d~:nshyat -t,hf! ft-1I1ov.iing -(,'ondhien. This nlFy-_b-e seen momentarily -by- PRY :nefote ri!_leasin_g the ~ctual-HP-liqlijt;i.

_ hlS~tpliess\1r~:LP 5idedltxignflress}.ir.~ orlesser (de:pe:ndiitg on .~t_:,

-etherptocess-rei150ns ,in "t,he t:p si_lk).kg!cm2g~_- - ~

- c}'OverpFessu-te:- _Hi)% of the set pressure, - {

d'}-R.~Iit!l~ing leltlpeNnut~: Temperature 0f thelP .slde Iluidar the relievingpfilt5S(lttt. .This -mayht: satnratkan - eroperating_

temperature de,pdmUng upon -ih¢case. . " :

-.

i_

- _ elPtl1petti€s_LP side :Jiquidpf@perties&t the :reheVing

-~0ndition,

\

5,5.3 liP side--is _gas/v;lpour .and flowthtough rupture .witheut phase

change. .

Forcompressible. fluid-;flow IhFG_ugb~tjfke-openjng; there exits "a -fundatnenlal -thetmodvnamicconsidenation. -this ,is - fora gi\:eii-~pst-~e:t mpressure. ._ -I,he thf~~1t "pf~S~~Jieca hndt; -JaU b~low - -ac(frtain·,·nhJe -- no maner.to lihe whal_leveFt,hcdownstteam ptessut~j5- dropped. -rhis limiting th(0at :p~ess'~F~:-~is-caned lhe

- '--criliCalflo\\- pressure • - PQF. 1cleatI}~~ -r~r - a - g]\"f.il upstream

pressure . -this value is ro _ be -caltutateq'ftom - th:e- sonic flow equations usJng lhe-- - cp/ev .N()rmaUY. this value comes out to he -50.;55% of lhc_ upsmeampress . Itispropesed te use a

t; of;

--.~- -

"pI: ~.

- "'

value of .5511t - of - the-upst'Jieampft"ssllTc fot thecalculations _ here.lf lhis value.comesout -to-he_mtire---l,ha_" th~ .downstrearn ~LP_ side -relkvitlg r)Ji~SSufe-. 'PCF 'ifsdf tobeusedindeltaP ftJr the flow calculation, :r:oJ1owill_g Iorrnulae lobe used: -

W,.-Fkiw rate ~kg/hr. d _ ---liD- '0ft-he tube, nun,

_v ~- Specific volume, m3/kg ,(g -designpressure & operating Ictilpetat'nte--0fl,herU~. sid~.Use designtempera 1U~ejrtQlncide;R t wi {ill

-lksign pressure. -

y --- -U)~ - ~).3HAPtP.rEx'Pansjnn; factor.

This is to 'he :~1ke'h Into.aecount forchanze in volumeof

- - - - - - - - - -~- - -- -

COmpTt~ssih)ef:luldt'hriOugJ1- the0fjfJce~ .. -;. - . -PI -~ Design pressure of the lilI' side~l<g!c~1a;·- -

- _,FCF ~~CrJtlitiilr:flnw_ pnessune -.,:: ,0;$5 PI'

A P - LO\\'~r of -

,P,--PCf -- _ -- _

Pa-l.J:',ciesigi1pre~!'.of DP side ktUf.~m2:J:

. ~ "_ .

Theflowst,-; calculated is theHP side -va.fJDun/gasflo\v;ing thtf.;')ugh lh(!op~lli_ng-.Ftlllowing 10 _beadopi~d_-r@rthe -,PRY

oHt-,) sheer: - - . - -

- _"

-~llbHd;Lo\\'er value of _

if The -flow as <;aJcuhlted! as-~'hovC-kg,l1_r.

ji) The .rated tapa_city ,of .thecornpressor upstream. or vapour -getJe:rat"km c~rmdty doe to heat - input atthe normal operating

- pressure ( eg due to colurnnreboilers ) or jaerrnittedrby the

Cbnltoll.!alve'.k[!..ihr. -

... • w.:-- .

~ r ;. ;.:::

- ~ .: :-

': -. -~'31 - .•

_In:-~-'- sltuation _in\'t,~lvJng .excbanger :in-ihe - para lJelcifcuit,

- - --maximum- flow possible can 'henscenalnedand - specifled. A'

- .g-[;lodDppt(~nchisti'l lake sonic flow in the Inlet piping of the

:N'P side. 'If this valuecannotbe determlnedwith con£ldeJice 1 specify-the value .ns -d'eterm_ineaby the abevecritena.

-: -

h)Siftpre"-sslife:-l ... P-5ide .deslgnpressure -nrles-ser (dependingon

- other .-pnlCessFt'-.iSt,lJiS, in the l .. P 'side), -kg!(:J1']Zg~

. clOw.rpressl.iJie: I09€: _offhe:;et:pfessUIiC-.

d) Re-lieving .tempenature: _OpetDlingtempeJimUfe oj. the -HP- sidegas, $ptteify the de.signteJl1pe,rah.ire jif it is .coincident with

-- thedesignpressure. -',

-_ e-)P:r@~11itfS _ -: HP .side ,gaspropeities at - t,hereUevingc0n¢ilkms. Notethat ifthe"~:lie\'ing,pi'essllJie-is lower than tiht;-

,peF tlnd tbe - proflettl€:s -tlfetobe reestablished fOF this -

-cHn(1itinn~.

f) -- Calcula te ·1 h~\'fi1tll11elric -now ,,1ft heHP nuii;J a tthe --teJie\~ing condition.

Case 2: Sped!)' as an alternate case the -lP side fluid.

,

a} LO<ld:$I;)t!cify the -LPside .fluid flowiat~same .as the

: volun1ItJrire<)uiyale-n_tof Ih~BPtluid (as -detennitleo af~the ~en\'-ingco~dil'inriJ; -Ohtain-lhekg/hr ~la:adbyinul1ipiying with - - pT0peioe_n$:ity atthefdHo\\·j-ng ,condif.ion. This may ,he .seen momentanily !;ilyPRVhefc,re-· (lclu~Hy releasing the -HP -gasNapoUJ:. :-

- - -

b}$e:t-ptessuJi(!-: LP sirle ~esigIlpreSSl,ljie-:otless_cr ._(depenairig on. -

otherprocess reasonsIn th~ -j_p sid~). :'k~!cm2g~ .~

c) Overpressure: lO~_ of the set -pressure:- -_

~d) _Re.Jie\;jng temperature; Temperature of the -LP' side -fluid: ·at -- - the re}idnj!,fjressure. This mav be a saluta_t,ion'~roperating

~~: .....

.. L • ~.i

r • Ii-

~-

\._

',1, pf

.J! -:~.

~ i -

- e) ,PtHp(rtie-!' lP- sjtJ~ Uuid - pnlpetl,jesat the relieving

conditlons.

5.5:4 IIP~hlcis _Jiqliirland' -n(~wthr:<;lUghthefuptufe with:phm::e change l.e flashed llt- thelP side.

In thiscase • the li1<lshins_ufllheUqu-id"is to be tm-:ried0ul at ;th~rupt.uFed llnoatptessur:e -hy~isenthalpic-comf>uter run, This pressure _j~ctitkaltI(')w Jlfie-ssuie or the retievingpeessure of the

- LPside -whichtwcN'is-hign1!t.,In. loe 'inf'~tOf the flash NUl, use the designpressu JieQfH.Pside an d: lheepet3 lij ng temperature. Design tc!,mpeT"-hIT't; can be used ,if if is coincldeJ}t-- with the des-ign _pt:c;:s-s ure,

Hem'! -ih¢liC4\Jid .and vapour ff;at~;j9n,n{)W areas are to be '--

_ calculated ihmi\:i{:iuaUy and thenvsolved from the vapour ftactibtl equation. Forthls -puipos-e,lhe individual Vt:1PQuT_ancI 'Jj(i}ui~r t1ov,:equat'lonsar:e written 'in terms of area rather than

thetube -Itt -

. -

_ -: : _~(~l = 1.jfl5.~'.Afi.)JA-P,·F-

--\VCV};::_ -1.265 .Y.~.AlVlfA;~)G--_

A :;. A(V)" Af::L) = l.57d~~2.

_ ~(L)·· ----Ljq.~id- fl~\\I~kgJhr.

\'t('\I) - -- ·VaptlVt- :flow.'kgJhr.

A,(Vy. Af-l..) -- . Vapour and'liquid:tJo\\'-a~ziea~_imri2. _ -d <:«: lD'0(thelLihe .mrn .

- - P,l ---.. . Design ,pr:¢ss_ureaf t:heHll? -siQe~

_ - :kg!cmla. _

--; SpeciJ~c volume of the vapour fJ;~ict_iOll _'" lake the Hashed vapeur -·prape:rty_a-l the l,hrttal pressure ,rtelkg. -

_F _ . -~~~e""'I'\&\t.3. ~'JJ&9 :6114"h~C{ L~;''I.ilJ. .. : .

- PCF~" ... _:Cr!licHl fiG\\" :pressure- =0.55 'P.;kg/tm2a.

-y

:; e •. J

t-'li 1 -

_ ,r, .: I

- ~.

/-

/'-

W( VlIWlL) .;:~ .• '01<'. _IH1(')\\ln rr(~!na nns,hrun@)' rupmrethreat press, ,peF .er I.Ltlmes the LPside-de-~,jgt1pre$s.

-whkht!vt:,rishighttr:. - -

AP -- Lower ()f

-:P,~PCF

:Pe l.):·desisn 'p~~ss.oft.Psid~.kg/cm2a.

The,indh~id\ial- vapnur c .and the -1iq\lid -Iead- can be obtained _by

-simultaneOllsly_ solving the equations . _ _ '

- -

theflQw SIJi- ,cn:kuhl ted IS- the HiP _ -side -fluidfllJiwingt.JIroughthe

_ -Opct:ling;Folk)\\'ingto 'beaGbf'l~d' forthe :PRV- data ' sh¥t: '

Case 1 : Specify the -HPsidt! 11u_id· as the relieving~a) -Load: L0W(-r value of

i) .The flow ascalcu fa ted 'ns _ above. _ W(V)+\V(L)lkglh_r.

,e~

~.~:

ii} Thenated capaciiy-_:dflhe plirnpJCt,rn.ptes_sdr upstream orpermiHed

-bv the control valve, ,-

..,. i .~ .-

,

- i ~

'If PCFwtis\lsed lnthe above fOf'illi.da. -another flash ro LP side reliving -pte~sur~i$ -to .be carti¢Goutto reestablish the inctegse:d,vapoutto

- _ liqQid-tati_o. -

--

i l

T

l -- J-

, ,

'. .'

-_ - .. . - - - - .' . - ~~ - ~ : ~- .~ -.:: &_. -

_:In 8!;ihlinion iiwnh.·.ing exc;lmnger:in -the ',phtaUer -;·;Cir"rilJjt'tma,;;itnuin

'flow ]llossihle-c-a n heascerta ined:;Ihd - >spec1fit'l:ct Ifthis.value .csnnor be determi mid -with -conU(jence . sp~tify·th'e·_·,'ahJ~asdeteirnined@y -the above - criteria.

. ~'--I:

- - ( .-

"o __ " _ ••

,- I

-i

I, - -l

-I

--b) Set pressure: t .. P sidedesignpressure or Jesser (de:wencling onother

--~ .. p'to_c_~~s reasens' in'theLP side) .. kg!t;m.2g. - -

e;

- '.

i

c) Ov~i,pre~!i_ut~: IH'k .of the 5€1f>re~sure~

-d) Relieving-temperature: Tempenatuneof lheHP s_ide fluid .after

-flashing,ifl the LP- sid~teHeviIig .pressure, Anothe-r .isenthalpic

: - computer runto be taken for l'hi~. ,ifF€F was _ -. eat1ieTlls~dJ~r the

,',

_ _ _.._ '_. .Pa~-e- 11 Of -19

~ ''1A~;r ... rtPl''''-~''-·11Y. !,.!

_.i;.. :r-IL ... :~-l"l.~ •. __ '" ."'111. J".I~,t·:t·~=_

.- ?'-ifi::'fi.ltf ,jhi"-·~~~-

:r) 'CH_ICl.h~letht!vnh'flleHliCn(,)W vupolIr+tfquidof the liP fluid_ at the Jie,tie_v_irigc(,ult:1itkm.-

Case 2~ Spedfyas nnnhernate case the LP sjdcf:hJi~~

-a} Lead: Spltcity f.he_LP~idefluid ,flow n1tesame: -as the v@l\1I11elriceq,uivnhml@f the HPfluio';( as determined' at the reliving condhi()o ). Obtain the -kglhrload: <:)fLPfluidby - multiply.ing- withpHlpeordensityCit' 't'h-e following condition, This maybe Sctm nlNn'1e-ntarilyhy the :PItV hefote actuallyneleasing -tht;'HP_nlljd~, - --

-:P)S~lJ~tessllf~: tJ~'5i_dede:sign_ pressure Or k;se.r{!~penclil1g on

__ etherprocess reasonsln {'heLP 'side ).kgltni2g, _ -

c) OverpresslItc;: 19S~- orthe ~etpreS5-ute.

d) Relieving lempe-,;al;~IJiC': Temperature ot the LP side fluid ar the reliving pressure, This ~ay 'be ~- satunation 'or -flWt:17arln,g _ -_ .temp~_rH_Hltelkpt'nding.~lIpnn thefluid state.

elPr:npedics: LP $kh.'·tluidproJilcrties at the relieving con(jiiions.

- -

5.55MPsi~¢ :iSbJ;rt,)'phasean£]> Iuttl1cr:, _ ""lp@ri~¢~_:a:ftc;r .-!lowing through Jh¢rupt:i,lte~_ - , - -. - . .

the appnoach :ior this . case remains theeame'.asehe earlier case, ~BUI vapour t<)1iquicl'falI"O .at the thtoat pressure -lobe

- - -t_#¢d and: to beeslCihlisht::d frfli11unis€_nt'llaip,ic .,-flashtunby computer. _

j

__ If}rst. carry enOl an -iseinh<llpic flashrun Jo th~ .critical flow pr¢§sure~'orLPsi_cle relievlngpressure whichever .ls - _hig}1~r ..

; i·tt ~t _- -. - ._

:~n the jnput :of the- -ft(lsqrun.use the design _pJiess-ureo'f HP

_ side -. ancli,he'-'opetating- t_e:mp~ratut~.:. J?:~~~~n{t~~,~tQW~~, ..: ~~n, berMSep _if _it iscoiJ.lcjd.e,nt ~;jt'~~\i,Jt~S~il~fss\lfp,~e.S~ of tih'! nret'edure-nn~- '[!mdelme for the -PRY _data sheet fJl1m2.are -

-~ ----

-._\" .c.-.

l -

- "oj.

6.0 DOCIJM:.ENtATION

Annexure- 1 1\nneXUIe--2· -

Atinexu:re-3 -Al:ri:texute-4

List ofarticleszpublicationsreferred TyPical :f~&IDT~tesentation-

S - nle -Calculation'-

-amp-- - -- -- -

Sample 'PRVdata sheet

Page 1 Pagelpages 5 Pagel

- .Page l'9'of 19

&-

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~. -_" ... ~. ~:

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0-'0,25

-_ ~ -e- -r- • - -' -, i. - - to.;)

,Now

. I

W{L) := - W(v) -

FROM (b)-·~ ('-)

W(v) ... .;.... . y_A(V) . J 'Iv.

-W'(L)--~ - A(L) _ J~ S-- _

- -_ ... _- --_ :-_~( d)

:-~. -' "ShlF- -2.0j-5

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A'$ Pig_b10lDtUNe I

- - I- .., 5 7' _J 2.:

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~HE- -:PROP'e-R1UES -~~ YA~-C>U_" ¢ L}tQ0IO _t6 -ce

- K;$"P-ORleD- -IS -: - -AS - Jt>t_R. '1iH:~ CXJTPQT O!,= FLAS'f( -_RON 1-.-: - Ee·ei(5:_:'---/CJ/";,. A- _

- - ......... - _

;

---I

- - -

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