Ece - Syllubus

TRIVENI EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY - 9848581807
SCHOOL OF CONTUNING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION

JAWAHARAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
COURSE STRUCTURE FOR B.TECH. (CCC)

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
I YEAR
S.NO CODE Subject Credits
1 C1BSO1 Mathematics –I 8
2 C1BS02 Mathematics – II 8
3. C1 ECO1 Electronic Circuit Analysis & Design 8
4. C1 ECO2 Probability Theory, Signals & Systems 8
5. C1 CS10 C & Data Structures 8
6. C1 ECO3 Network Theory & Transmission Lines 8
7. C1 ECO4 Electronic Circuits Lab 4
8 C1 CS11 Computer Programming Lab 4
1
B.Tech.(CCC) I/IV YEAR
C1 BS01 - MATHEMATICS – I
(Common to all branches)
UNIT-I :
Sequences - Series - Convergence and divergence - Ratio test - Comparison
test - Integral test - Cauchy's root test - Raabe's test – Absolute and conditional
convergence. Rolle's theorem - Lagrange's Mean Value theorem - Cauchy's
Mean value Theorem - Generalized Mean Value theorem (Taylor's Theorem)
UNIT-II :
Functions of several variables - limit and continuity - partial differentiation -
Chain rule - Total derivative - Euler's theorem, Jacobian - Functional
dependence. Maxima and Minima of functions of two variables with and with
out constraints, Radius, Center and Circle of Curvature - Evolutes and
Envelopes.
UNIT-III :
Curve tracing - Cartesian, polar and parametric curves. Applications of
integration to lengths, volumes and surface areas in Cartesian and Polar
coordinates.
UNIT-IV :
Differential equations of first order and first degree - formation. Exact, linear
and Bernoulli. Applications to Newton's Law of cooling, Law of natural
growth and decay, Orthogonal trajectories, Non-homogeneous linear
differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients
with RHS term of the type eax, sin ax, cos ax, polynomial in x, e V(x), x V(x),
method of variation of parameters.
UNIT-V :
Laplace transforms of standard functions - Inverse transform - Linearity -
first shifting Theorem. Transforms of derivatives and integrals - Unit
step function - second shifting theorem - Dirac's delta function -
Differentiation and integration of transforms - Multiple integrals:
Double and triple integrals -change of variables – Change of order of
integration.
UNIT-VI :
Vector Differential Calculus: Gradient, Divergence, Curl and their related
properties of sums, Products,Laplacian and second order operators. Vector
integral Calculus: Vector integration - Line integral - work done -Potential
2
function - area, surface and volume integrals. Green's theorem, Stoke's and
Gauss'
Divergence Theorem. Verification of Green's, Stoke's and Gauss'Theorems.
Curvilinear Coordinates - Cylindrical, Spherical Coordinates –
Expressions of Grad, div, curl in Spherical, Cylindrical and Curvilinear
Coordinates.
UNIT-7:
Matrices — brief review — Inverse of a matrix by adjoint , elementary row
transformations — Rank - Normal form — eachelon form. Augmented
matrix— Consistency — Solution of system of simultaneous linear
homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations.
UNIT-8:
Eigen values, Bigen vectors — properties — Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
(Inverse and powers of a matrix by Cayley-Hamifton theorem). Quadratic
forms —positive, negative definite — Diagnolization of matrix. Calculation of
powers of matrix — Modal and sprectral matrices. Real matrices —
Symmetric, skewsymmetric, orthogonal. Linear Transformation — Orthogonal
Transformation. Quadratic forms — Reduction of quadratic form to canonical
form — index —signature.
Complex matrices Hermitian, Skew-Herimitian and Unitary — Eigen values
and elgen vectors of complex matrices and their properties.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. lyengar, Krishna Gandhi, ”A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics
“, Vol-1, 2002, S.Chand.
2. B.V. Ramana, “ Engineering Mathematics”, 2002,TMH.
3. C. Sanakraiah, “Engineering Mathematics – I”, 2002, Vijaya.
4. P. Nageswara Rao, Y. Narsimhulu, Prabhakara Rao, ”Engineering
Mathematics I”,2002.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. S. K. V. S. Sri Rama Chary, M. Bhujanga Rao, Shankar, ”Engineering
Mathematics”, 2000, BSP
2. Erwin Kreyszig, ”Advanced Engineering Mathematics” , 8e, 2001 ,
John Wiley.
3. Michael D. Green Berg, ”Advanced Engineering Mathematics “, 2e,
PHI.
4. Sarveswara Rao Koneru, ”Engineering Mathematics “, 2002, Orient
Longman .
5. N. P. Bali, ”Engineering Mathematics – I”, Laxmi.
3
C1 BS02 - MATHEMATICS – II
(Common to all branches)
UNIT – I
Formation of Partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants
and arbitrary functions - solutions of standard first order equations of type I, II,
III and IV. Solution of one-dimensional heat equation, one-dimensional wave
equation and two-dimensional Laplace’s equation by the method of separation
of variables.
UNIT –II
Fourier integral theorem- Finite and infinite Fourier Transform – Inverse
Transforms – Solution to initial boundary value problems. – Z – Transforms. –
Inverse Z – Transforms. – Simple Properties – solution of differences
equations.
UNIT –III
Complex functions – Continuity – differentiability – Analyticity – Cauchy –
Reiman Equations in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Harmonic and Conjugate
harmonic functions.
UNIT –IV
Elementary functions and their properties of Sin Z, Cos Z, ez, log Z, Cosh Z,
Sinh Z. Line integral – Cauchy’s Integral Theorem – Cauchy’s Integral formula
– derivative of analytic functions – Taylor’s and Laurent’s Series. Zeroes and
Poles,
UNIT –V
Residue- Residue theorem – Evaluation of standard real integrals – Argument
principle – Rouche’s theorem and Fundamental theorem of algebra.
Conformal mapping of function Zn, Sin Z, Cos Z, ez, log Z.
Bilinear Transformation.
UNIT –VI
Numerical Methods-I:
Iterative methods, bisection, Regula false position, Newton-Raphson. –
successive approximation methods. Solution of linear simultaneous algebraic
equations – Gauss – Jordan and Gauss – Seidel’s methods.
4
UNIT –VII
Numerical Methods-II:
Interpolation. Forward differences – backward differences and central
differences. Interpolation Methods. Least square approximation of functions –
Linear regression – Polynomial regression.
UNIT –VIII
Numerical Methods-III:
Numerical interpolation by Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8th rules –
Numerical solution of differential equations by Euler’s method – Runge –
Kutta methods – Milne’s predictor – Corrector methods.
Recommended Text Books

1. Iyengar, Krishna Gandhi “ A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics” –
Vol 2 Revised edition 2004, S. Chand.
2. Engineering Mathematics by B.V,. Ramana, TMH, Second Edition –
2004.
3. Engineering Mathematics-II by C. Sankaraiah, Vijaya Publication 2002.
4. Numerical Methods by S.S.Sastry, Prentice-Hall.
5
C1 EC01 - ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS & DESIGN
UNIT – I TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

Construction, principle of operation, V-I characteristics, symbol, equivalent
circuit, parameter calculations, applications limitations and specifications of -
BJT, FET, UJT and MOSFET's (different configurations of transistors are to be
considered). SCR, DIAC, TRIACs. Optoelectronic devices.
UNIT – II AMPLIFIERS
Biasing, DC equivalent model, criteria for fixing operating point and methods
of Bias stabilization, Thermal run away and thermal stability. Small signal low
frequency transistor amplifier circuits: h-parameter representation of a
transistor, Analysis of single stage transistor amplifier using h-parameters:
voltage gain, current gain, input impedance and Output impedance.
Comparison of BJT and FET RC coupled amplifier - frequency response.
Biasing of FET, MOSFET, FET amplifier – frequency response, FET Small
signal model.
UNIT – III FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

Concepts of feedback. Classification of feedback amplifiers, General
characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, Effect of Feedback on
Amplifiers characteristics, Simple problems.
UNIT – IV OSCILLATORS
Condition for oscillations. RC and LC type oscillators, crystal oscillators,
Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators. Generalized analysis of LC,
oscillators, Quartz (Hartley, Colpitts), RC-phase shift and Wien-bridge
oscillators.
UNIT – V: SINGLE STAGE AMPLIFIERS:
Classification of amplifiers – Design of single stage amplifiers, HF model of

transistor, a and b cut off frequencies of transistor, calculation of Band widht
and concept of Gain Bandwidth Product. Specifications of amplifiers.
UNIT – VI: MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS:
Cascaded amplifiers, analysis and design (all configurations of BJT and FET to
be considered), BW of multistage of amplifiers.
6
UNIT- VII: POWER AMPLIFIERS:
Classification of power amplifiers, Class A, AB, B and C power amplifiers,

pushpull and complimentary - symmetry pushpull amplifiers – Design of heat
sinks, power output, efficiency, cross-over distortion and harmonic distortion.
UNIT – VIII: TUNED AMPLIFIERS:
Single tuned, double tuned and stagger tuned voltage amplifiers, interstage
design, stability considerations, Class B and Class C tuned power amplifiers.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – by K.Lal Kishore, B.S.Publications
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits – by R.L. Boylestad and Louis
Nashelsky, Pearson Ed. Asia. PHI.
REFERENCES:
1. Electronic Devices & Circuits – by Millman and Halkias , TMH
2. Microelectronics – by Millman and Grabel, TMH.
7
C1 EC02 - PROBABILITY THEORY, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS
UNIT - I
Concept of probability, Random Variables, Discrete and Continuous,
Probability distribution and density functions, Functions of random variables,
Joint and conditional probability density functions, Examples of probability
density functions - Gaussian and Rayleigh density functions.
UNIT - II
Statistical average - Mean, Variance, Characteristic function, Correlation
between random variables, Sum of two random variables, Central limit
theorem.
UNIT - III
Random Processes: Stationary random process, Ergodicity, power spectral
density and auto correlation function of random processes. Transmission of
random processes through networks.
UNIT - IV
Noise Sources, thermal noise, noise power spectral density, noise temperature,
available noise power and available noise power spectral density, available
noise bandwidth, noise figure, effective input noise temperature, noise figure
of cascaded systems, narrow band noise, Quadrature representation of narrow
band noise.
UNIT – V
Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal vector and signal spaces,
approximation of a function by a set of mutually orthogonal functions,
evaluation of mean square error, closed or complete set of orthogonal
functions, orthogonality in complex functions, trigonometric and exponential
fourier series, representation of periodic function by fourier series, complex
fourier spectrum, representation of arbitrary function, concept of fourier
transform (F.T), F.T. of simple functions, concept of impulse function, F.T.
involving impulse functions, properties of fourier transforms, concept of
convolution in time domain and frequency domain, graphical
representation of convolution, sampling theorem and its proof, effect of
under sampling.
UNIT – VI
Linear system, impulse response, response of a linear system, linear time
invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Transfer function of
a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortionless
transmission through a system, signals bandwidth, system bandwidth, Ideal LPF,
8
HPF and BPF characteristics, causality and physical realization, relationship
between bandwidth and rise time. Energy density spectrum , Parseval's
theorem, power density spectrum.
UNIT – VII
Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation
function, relation between auto correlation function and energy/power spectral
density function.
UNIT – VIII
Review of Laplace transforms, partial fraction expansion, inverse Laplace
transform, concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms,
constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Properties of L.T's, relation
between L.T. and F.T. of a signal. Laplace transform of certain signals using
waveform synthesis.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles – by

P.Z. Peebles.
2. Signals, Systems & Communications – by B.P. Lathi, BS Publ.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Signals & Systems by Simon Haykin, Wiley Studen Ed
9
C1 CS10 - C & DATA STRUCTURES

UNIT - I
Algorithm, flowchart, program development steps, basic structures of C
language, C tokens, data types, declaration of variables, assigning values,
arithmetic, relational and logical operator, increment and decrement operators,
control operator, bit-wise operator, expressions, evaluation, input-output
operators,
UNIT - II
IF and SWITCH statement, WHILE, DO-WHILE and For statements, C:
Programs covering all the above aspects.
UNIT - III
One dimensional & two dimensional arrays, initialisation, string variables,
declaration, reading, writing, string handle function, user-defined functions,
variables & storage classes, example C Programs.
UNIT - IV
Structure definition, initialising, assigning values, passing of structures as
arguments, unions, declaring & initialising of pointers, pointer based
expressions, arrays, strings.
UNIT - V
functions and structures, C Program examples, file management in C, opening
& Closing, I-O operations files.
UNIT – VI
Stacks, representing stacks in C, Infix, Postfix & Prefix Programs, recursion in
C, Queue & its sequential representation, circular queue, sequence.
UNIT – VII
Single Linked List, Double linked list, Circular List, applications, binary
trees, representation, tree traversals, graph representation, graph traversals
spanning trees.
UNIT – VIII
Search techniques: linear and binary search methods, sorting methods
Exchange sort, selection sort, quick sort , tree sort.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. C & Data Structures - by E. Balaguru Swamy TMH 2002.
2. Data Structures using C - by A.S. Tanenbaum, PHI.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Fundamentals of Data Structures - by Horowitz & Sahani.
10
C1 EC03 - NETWORK THEORY & TRANSMISSION LINES
UNIT - I
Circuit Concept - RLC parameters – Voltage and Current sources – Source
transformation - Voltage - Current relationship for Passive elements -
Kirchhoff's laws – Network Reduction Techniques – Series, Parallel, Series –
Parallel, Star-to-delta or delta-to-star transformations. Magnetic circuits,
Faraday’s Laws of electromagnetic induction , Concept of self and mutual
inductances , dot convention , co-efficiency of coupling .
UNIT - II
R.M.S. and Average values and Form factor of different periodic wave forms,
Steady state analysis of R, L and C (in series - parallel and series parallel
combinations) with sinusoidal excitation - Concept of Reactance, Impedance,
Susceptance and Admittance, Phase and Phase difference, Concept of Power
factor, Real and Reactive Powers - J-notation, Complex and Polar forms of
representation, Complex Power – Locus diagrams. Series R-L, R-C, R-L-C
and parallel combinations with variation of various parameters - Resonance -
Series, Parallel Circuits, Concept of Bandwidth and Q-factor.
UNIT - III
Network topology: Definitions - Graph - Tree, Basic Cutset and Basic Tieset
matrices for planar network,- Loop and nodal methods of analysis of networks
with dependent and independent voltage and current sources., Duality & Dual
networks.
UNIT -IV
Network theorems (without proof): Tellegen's, Superposition, Reciprocity,
Thevenin's, Norton's, Maximum Power Transfer, Millman's and Compensation
theorems for dc and ac excitations.
UNIT - V
Transient response of RL, RC, RLC circuits (series and parallel combinations)
for dc and Sinusoidal excitations - Initial conditions – Classical method and
Laplace transform Methods of solutions – Response of RL, RC, RLC for step,
ramp, pulse and impulse excitations using Laplace Transform Methods.
UNIT - VI
Two port network parameters – Z, Y, (ABCD) Transmission and Hybrid
Parameters for Resistive Networks – concept of Transformed Network – 2-port
network parameters using transformed variables.
11
Filters - Low pass - High pass and Band pass filters - Constant k and m-
derived filters and composite filter design.
UNIT –VII
TRANSMISSION LINES: Primary & secondary constants, Transmission Line
equations phase and group velocities, losslessness/low loss characterization,
distortion and loading, expression for i/p impedance, SC & OC lines, UHF
lines as Circuit Elements, λ /8, λ /4, λ /2 lines-impedance transforms. Smith
chart – its configuration and applications, single and double stub matching
techniques.
UNIT –VIII
Illustrative problems. (incl. Of Smith Chart Applications and Stub Matching).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Circuit Analysis - by William Hayt and Jack E. Kemmerly,
McGraw Hill Companies, 5th edition.
2. Transmission Lines and Networks - by Umesh Sinha, Satya Prakashan
(Tech. India Publication), New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Network Theory – Sudhakar and Shyammohan, TMH Publications.

2. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines – by G.S.N. Raju,
Pearson Education,
12
C1 EC04 - ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LAB
Part A (6 experiments to be conducted)
1. FET characteristics.
2. UJT Characteristics.
3. Measurement of h parameters of transistor in CB, CE, CC
configuration.
4. Single Stage RC coupled Amplifier
5. FET amplifier (Common Source)
6. Wien Bridge Oscillator
RC Phase shift Oscillator
7. Feed back amplifier (current series)
8. Feed back amplifier (Voltage series)
9. Colpitts Oscillator
Hartley Oscillator.
Part B (All 6 experiments to be conducted)

1. Two stage RC coupled amplifier.
2. Class A, Class AB Power amplifiers.
3. Class B. Push Pull amplifiers.
4. Class B Complementary Symmetry Configuration.
5. Class C Tuned Voltage amplifier.
6. Class C Power amplifier.
13
C1 CS11 - COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB
1. Write a C' program to obtain the product of two matrices A of size (3x3)
and B of size (3x2). The resultant matrix C is to be printed out along with
A and B. Assume suitable values for A & B.
2. Using switch-case statement, write a C' program that takes two operands
and one operator from the user performs the operation and then print the
answer. (Consider operators +, -, /, * and %).
3. Write C procedures to add, subtract, multiply and divide two complex
numbers (x+y) and (a+b). Also write the main program that uses these
procedures.
4. Given number, write C program using while loop to reverse the digits of
the number. Example 1234 to be written as 4321.
5. The Fibonacci sequence of numbers is 1, 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , …. based on the
recurrence relation f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2) for n > 2. Write C program using
do-while to calculate and print the first m Fibonacci numbers.
6. Write a C program to extract a portion of a character string and print the
extracted string. Assume that m characters are extracted starting with the
nth character.
7. Write a function that will scan a character string passed as an argument
and convert all lower case characters into their upper case equivalents.
8. Implement the following data structures using Arrays
i) Stacks ii) Linear queues
iii) Circular queues iv) Dequeue
9. Implement binary search tree using linked list and perform the following
operations.
i) Insertion ii) Deletion iii) Inorder Traversal
iv) Pre order Traversal v) Post Order
Traversal
10. Singly linked list and doubly linked lists
i) Insertion ii) Deletion iii) Lookup
11. i) Implement Stack using singly linked list
ii) Implement queue using singly linked list
12. Implement the following sorting techniques

i) Bubble sort ii) Insertion sort iii) Quick Sort
iv) Heap Sort
14
SCHOOL OF CONTUNING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION
JAWAHARAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

II YEAR
SNO. CODE No. NAME OF THE SUBJECT CREDITS
Economics, Accountancy and

1. C2 HS01 Management 8
Computer Organization and Operating

2. C2 CS01 8
Systems
E.M. waves, Antennas and wave
3. C2 EC01 8
Propagation
4. C2 EC02 Pulse, Digital and Switching Circuits 8
5. C2 EC03 Control Systems Engineering 8
6. C2 EE10 Electrical technology 8
7. C2 EC04 PDC Lab 4
8 C2 EE11 Electrical machines And Network lab 4
15
B.TECH. (CCC) II – YEAR ECE
C2 HS01 - ECONOMICS, ACCOUNTANCY AND MANAGEMENT
UNIT – I:
Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics- Demand Analysis –Demand

concepts. Determination of Demand- Elasticity of Demand Forecasting.
UNIT – II:
COST ANALYSIS- Cost concepts, Viz, Fixed and Variables costs, average
and marginal costs, Explicit and implicit costs, out of pocket, costs and
imputed costs, opportunity Costs-break even analysis.
A) Capital-Estimation of Capital Requirements-sources of Finances and

Methods of raising finances.
B) Forms of business Organization- Features of proprietary partnership and
joint stock companies.
UNIT – III:
INTRODUCTION TO CAPITAL BUDGETING-Methods of Capital
Budgeting, namely pay back and discounted cash flow methods (simple
problems)
UNIT – IV:
PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS- Analyzing and
Interpretation of financial statements through Ratio Analysis (simple problems)
UNIT – V:
CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT: Organization and Administration-Function
of management-Principles of Management – Organization structure.
UNIT – VI:
INTRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF MANAGEMENT:
Production-Personnel –Marketing-Finances.
A) Basic Function of personnel Department-Manpower planning- job
evaluation and merit rating.
B) Marketing –Consumer Orientation- Marketing Functions –Marketing Mix-
channels To civil of distribution –Advertising.
UNIT – VII:
NETWORK ANALYSIS: PERT And CPM- application of network techniques
to engineering problems.
16
UNIT – VIII:
Resource Allocation- cost Analysis, project crashing, and
computer application in project Planning.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Managerial Economics- Varshney and Maheswari –S.Chand and Sons.New
Delhi.
2. Financial Management—1.Khan and Jain 2. Prasannachandra.
REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. A.R.ARYASRI Management Science TMH, 2005
2. A.R.ARYASRI Management Economics & Financial Analysis
3. Managerial Economics – by Varshney & Maheswari, S.Chand &
Sons, New Delhi.
4. Industrial Engineering & Management by O.P.Khanna, Dhanpat Rai
& Sons, Meerut.
5. Financial Accounting by Maheswari & Maheswari, 4th Edition, Vikas
Publications, New Delhi.
17
B.TECH. (CCC) II – YEAR
C2 CS01 - COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING

SYSTEMS
UNIT I:
GENERAL CPU ORGANISATION: Introduction, Accumulator based m/c,
General Register, based m/c, stack based m/c, instructions format, addressing
modes, Reduced Instruction Set Computer.
UNIT II:
PROGRAMMING THE BASIC COMPUTER: Machine language,
Assembly language, programming, subroutines, macros, I/O programming,
Assembler Design.
COMPUTER ARTHMETIC: Introduction, fixed point, arithmetic operation
for signed magnitude data, floating point arithmetic operations, fixed point
arithmetic operations for signed 2’s complement data, decimal arithmetic unit,
Decimal arithmetic operations.
UNIT III:
BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN: Instruction codes,
computer registers, computer instructions, timing and control, instruction cycle,
memory reference instructions, input-output and Interrupt, complete computer
Description, Design of Basic computer, Design of Accumulator Logic.
MICROPROGRAMMED CONTROL UNIT: control memory, typical control
unit, address sequencing, micro programme example, Nano programming
UNIT IV:
I/O ORGANIZATION: Peripheral devices, Input-Output Interface,
Asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, Direct
Memory Access, Input-Output processor.
MEMORY ORGANIZATION: Memory Classification, memory Hierarchy,
Main Memory, Auxiliary memory, Cache memory, Virtual memory, Memory
Management Hardware.
UNIT V:
PIPE LINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING: Parallel processing, pipelining,
arithmetic pipeline, instruction pipeline, RISC pipeline, vector processing,
array processors.
18
MULTIPROCESSORS: Characteristics of microprocessors, Interconnection
Structures, Interprocessor Arbitration, Interprocessor Communication and
Synchronization, Cache Coherence.
UNIT VI:
INTRODUCTIONTO OPERATING SYSTEMS: Early Systems, Monitor,
Batch, Multiprogramming, Time sharing, Real time multiprocessors, Virtual
machine.
FILE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: File Concepts, types of

files, file system functions, file characteristics, Access methods, Allocation
Methods, Directory Systems, File protection.
MEMORY MANAGEMENT: Bare Machine, Resident Monitor, Swapping

multiple partition, paging segmentation, combined systems, Virtual Memory
Management, Overlays, Demand paging, Page replacement, Page replacement
algorithms,, Allocation algorithms, Thrashing.
UNIT VII:
PROCESSOR SCHEDULING: Scheduling concepts, scheduling levels,
scheduling objectives and criteria scheduling algorithms and their evaluation,
multi processor scheduling.
DEVICE SCHEDULING: Necessity for device scheduling, desirable
characteristics of scheduling policies, Scheduling algorithms, Introduction to
deadlocks, characterization, prevention, avoidance, detection and recovery.
UNIT VIII:
CONCURRENT PROCESS: Process concept, precedence graph, hierarchy
of processes, critical section problem, semaphores, monitors, inter process
communication.
PROTECTION: Goals of protection, domains of protection, Access matrix,
Access list, Capability list, Language based protection security, protection
problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Architecture & Organization: Morris Mano 3rd edition PHI,
1994.
2. Introduction to Operating Systems: Harvey M. Dealth Addison
Wesley.
REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. Computer System Architecture: Morris Mano 3rd edition PHI, 1994
19
2. Computer System Concepts: PatterSon & SibberSchatz, Addison
Wesley.
C2 EC01 - EM WAVES, ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

UNIT – I:
Electrostatics: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity and Flux Density,
Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Energy Density, Poisson’s and
Laplace’s Equations, Maxwell’s Two Equations, Capacitances – Parallel Plate,
Coaxial, Spherical Capacitors.
UNIT – II:
Magnetostatics : Biot-Savart’s Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and
Applications, Magnetic Flux Density, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials,
Ampere’s Force Law, Magnetic Energy, Maxwell’s Two Equations.
UNIT – III:
Maxwell’s Equations and Wave Equations: Equation of Continuity for
Time Varying Fields, Faraday’s Law and Transformer emf, Maxwell’s
Equations for Time Varying Fields, Boundary Conditions at Dielectric-
Dielectric and Dielectric-Conductor Interfaces. Wave Equations and their
Solutions for Dielectric and Conducting Media, Propagation Characteristics in
Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics, Polarization.
UNIT – IV:
EM Wave Characteristics: Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves –
Normal and Oblique Incidences for Perfect Dielectric and Perfect Conductor
Interfaces, Surface Impedance. Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem –
Applications. Power Loss in a Plane Conductor.
UNIT – V:
Antenna Parameters: Radiation Patterns in Principal Planes, Beamwidths,
Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity, Gain,
Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture Efficiency, Effective Hight.
Radiation: Retarded Potentials, Radiation from an Alternating Current
Element, Quarterwave Monopole, Halfwave Dipole – Current Distributions,
Fields, Radiation Characteristics. Antenna Theorems – Applicability and
Proofs for Equivalence of Directional Characteristics. Small Loop Antennas
and Comparison with Short Dipoles.
UNIT – VI:
20
Antenna Arrays: Two Element Array, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, N
– Element Linar Arrays – Broadside and Endfire Arrays. Binomial Arrays,
Yagi Uda Arrays and Folded Dipoles.
Non-Resonant Antennas: Travelling Wave Radiators, Rhombic Antennas.
Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas.
UNIT – VII:
VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas: Reflectors – Plane Sheet, Corner and
Parabolic Types, Their Geometry and Characteristics, Cassegrainian Feeds.
Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns. Lens Antennas – Geometry,
Features of Dielectric Lenses.
Antenna Measurements: Patterns Required, Set up, Distance Criterion,
Directivity and Gain Measurements.
UNIT – VIII:
Wave Propagation: Types and Frequency Ranges; Ground Wave
Propagation – Characteristics; Sky Wave Propagation – Formation of
Ionospheric Layers and Their Characteristics, Reflection and Refraction,
Critical Frequency, MUF and Skip Distance, Optimum Frequency, LUHF,
Virtual Hight, Ionospheric Abnormalities; Space Wave Propagation – LOS
and Radio Horizon, Tropospheric Waves and Field Strength Calculations,
Radius of Curvature of Path, M – Curves and Duct Propagation, Tropospheric
Scattering.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G.
Balmain, PHI, 2nd Ed., 2000.
2. Elements of Electromagnetics – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Press, 3rd
ed., 2001.
3. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech
India
Publ., New Delhi, 2001.
4. Antennas for All Applications – John D. Kraus and R.J. Marhefka, TMH,
3rd ed., 2003.
REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. Engineering Electromagnetics – William Hayt Jr. and J.A. Buck, TMH, 7th ed.,
2006.
2. Antenna Theory – C.A. balanis, John Wiley, 2nd ed., 2001.
3. Engineering Electromagnetics – Nathan Ida, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2nd ed., 2005.
21
22
C2 EC02 - PULSE, DIGITAL & SWITCHING CIRCUITS
UNIT – I:
LINEAR WAVESHAPING:High pass and low pass RC circuits and their
response for sinusoidal, step voltage ,pulse ,square wave and ramp inputs .High
pass RC network as differtiator low pass RC network as integrator.
attenuators and their applications in CRO probe, RL and RLC circuits and
their response for step input, ringing circuit.
UNIT – II:
NON LINEAR WAVESHAPING: diode clippers, transistor clippers,
clipping at two independent Levels, emitter coupled clipper ,diode comparator,
diode differentiator, applications of Voltage comparators ,clamping operations,
clamping circuits using diodes with different inputs, Clamping circuit
theorem,practial circuit, effect of diode characteristics on clamping voltage.
UNIT – III:
MULTIVIBRATORS: Bistable,Monostable and Astablemultivibrators using
transistors, Schmitt Triggers.
SWEEP CIRCUITS: Voltage sweep methods of liberalizations, .bootstrap and
miller circuits, Linear current sweep, application in TV,synchronation.
SYNCHRONATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION

Principles of synchronization , synchronization of Astable multivibrators,
Phase delay and pulse jitters- synchronization of sweep circuits with
symmetrical signal.
UNIT – IV:
GATES: Uni directional and Bi-directional Sampling gates and
BLOCKING OSCILLATORS- base timing ,emitter timing ,astable blocking
oscillator.
SWITCHING CIRCUITS: ( Brief treatment) Switching Characteristics of

diodes and transistors, Transistor as a switch, Bistable, Monostable and Astable
multivibrators. Schmitt Trigger.
SAMPLING GATES: Operating principles of sampling gates, unidirectional

and bi-directional, Sampling gates. Sampling oscilloscope.(Elementary
treatment).
23
UNIT – V:
NUMBER SYSTEM AND CODES: Review of number systems
(conversion), Binary 11and 2’s complement arithmetic, floating point
arithmetic, weighted and non-weighted codes, Self complementing codes,
cyclic codes, gray codes, Excess-3 code, arithmetic in excess-3 code, Error
detecting codes, Error correcting codes, Hamming code, Parity checking,
Alphanumeric codes.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Definition of Binary logic,

Switching circuits and Binary signals, Basic postulates, Basic theorems and
properties of Boolean algebra, Duality, Representation of switching functions
and simplificaton,compliment of a function,connonical, SOP and POS forms
,minterns and maxterms ,conversion between canonical forms ,truth tables of
AND,OR,NOT,NAND,NOR and EX-OR gates, Universal gates NAND and
NOR as universal Gates. Properties of EX-OR gates, positive and negative
logic, karnaugh map representation, Maximizing using K-map and tabulation
method.
UNIT – VI:
DESIGN OF COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS: Design of single output and
multiple output Functions, Design using conventional
AND,OR,NOT,NAND,NOR and EX-OR gates, Half adder ,Full adder,
Parallel and serial adders, carry look ahead adders, Excess-3 adders, BCD
adder,Subtractor ,Adder/Sub tractor unit,Digital comparator, Design using MSI
devices,parity checker/generator, Multiplexer, Design of switching functions,
Using multiplexer ,Decoders,Encoders,ROM and its applications, PAL and
PLA, Harzards in combinational circuts,Detection and minimization.
UNIT – VII:
INTRODUCTION TO SEQUENTIONAL CIRCUITS:S-R,JK,T,D and
master slave flip flops, Characteristic equation and excitation functions, shift
registers, Ring and Twisted ring counter, ripple counter, modulo- N-counter,
synchronous counter, series and parallel synchronous counters, state diagram
and state table representation of Synchronous and Asynchronous sequent ional
circuits. Mealy and Moore sequential circuits, sequence detector, Design of
various counters.
UNIT – VIII:
SYNTHESIS OF CLOCK MODE AND PULSE MODE CIRCUITS:
Distinction between clok mode and pulse mode circuits, synthesis of state
diagram, state minimization methods, state assignment, transition tables, input
output equations. Design of modulo N-counters, Design from problem
statement.
24
SYNTHESIS OF LEVEL MODE SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS:
Incompletely specified sequential circuits, state minimization and design,
cycles and races, race-free design, Hazards in sequential circuits.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Pulse digital and switching circuits- milliman and taub(IST)
2. Digital design – morris mano
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Wave generation and shaping –L .strauss ,MGH.
2. Digital circuits and logic design- Sammuel C Lee (PHI)
3. Introduction to switching theory and logic design-E.J.Hill and Perterson
(JOHN WILEY)
4. Switching and finite automata theory- Z.kohavi.(TMH)
25
C2 EC03 - CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
UNIT – I:
INTRODUCTION: Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and closed

loop control systems and their differences, Different examples of control
systems, Classification of control systems, Feed-Back Characteristics, Effects
of feedback.
Mathematical models–Differential equations, Impulse Response and transfer
functions ,Translational and Rotational mechanical systems
UNIT – II:
TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION: Transfer Function of DC
Servo motor - AC Servo motor- Synchro transmitter and Receiver, Block
diagram representation of systems considering electrical systems as examples -
Block diagram algebra – Representation by Signal flow graph - Reduction
using mason’s gain formula.
UNIT – III:
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS: Standard test signals - Time response of
first order systems – Characteristic Equation of Feedback control systems,
Transient response of second order systems - Time domain specifications –
Steady state response - Steady state errors and error constants – Effects of
proportional derivative, proportional integral systems.
UNIT – IV:
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN: The concept of stability , Routh
stability criterion – qualitative stability and conditional stability.
Root Locus Technique:
The root locus concept - construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and
zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root loci.
26
UNIT – V:
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS: Introduction, Frequency domain
specifications-Bode diagrams-Determination of Frequency domain
specifications and transfer function from the Bode Diagram-Phase margin and
Gain margin-Stability Analysis from Bode Plots.
UNIT – VI:
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN: Polar Plots, Nyquist
Plots and applications of Nyquist criterion to find the stability –Effects of
adding poles and zeros to G(s)H(s) on the shape of the Nyquist diagrams.
UNIT – VII:
CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES: Compensation
techniques – Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag Controllers design in frequency Domain,
PID Controllers.
UNIT – VIII:
State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems: Concepts of state, state
variables and state model, derivation of state models from block diagrams,
Diagonalization- Solving the Time Invariant state Equations- State Transition
Matrix and it’s Properties
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Control Systems Engineering – by I. J. Nagarath and M. Gopal, New
Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 2nd edition.
2. Modern Control Engineering – by Katsuhiko Ogata – Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition, 1998.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited
Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1998.
2. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition– by B. C. Kuo 2003– John
wiley and son’s.
3. Control Systems Engg. by NISE 3rd Edition – John wiley
4. Control Systems by S.Kesavan , Hitech Publications.
5. “ Modelling & Control Of Dynamic Systems” by Narciso F. Macia
George J. Thaler, Thomson Publishers.
27
C2 EE10 - ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
UNIT - I:
DC MACHINES: Principle of operation of DC Machines- EMF equation –
Types of generators – Magnetization and load characteristics of DC generators
UNIT - II:
DC Motors – Types of DC Motors – Characteristics of DC motors – 3-point
starters for DC shunt motor – Losses and efficiency – Swinburne’s test – Speed
control of DC shunt motor – Flux and Armature voltage control methods.
UNIT - III:
TRANSFORMERS: Principle of operation of single phase transformer – types
– Constructional features – Phasor diagram on No Load and Load – Equivalent
circuit
UNIT - IV:
Losses and Efficiency of transformer and Regulation – OC and SC tests –
Predetermination of efficiency and regulation (Simple Problems).
UNIT - V:
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR: Principle of operation of three-phase
induction motors – Constructional features – Slip ring and Squirrel cage motors
– Slip-Torque characteristics – Efficiency calculation – Starting methods.
UNIT-VI:
Alternators – Constructional features – types, Principle of operation – EMF
Equation – Distribution and Coil span factors – Predetermination of regulation
by Synchronous Impedance Method – OC and SC tests.
UNIT - VII:
Single Phase Induction Motors – Constructional features – Shaded pole motors
– Capacitor motors, AC servomotor, AC tachometers, Synchros, Stepper
Motors – Characteristics.
UNIT - VIII:
ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS: Basic Principles of indicating instruments –
Moving Coil and Moving iron Instruments (Ammeters and Voltmeters)-
28
Dynamometer type wattmeter’s- Induction type energy meter – Measurement
of Single Phase and three Phase power.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Electrical Engineering – M.S Naidu and S. Kamakshaiah,
TMH Publ.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electrical Engineering – Del Toro, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
2. Electrical Machines – P.S Bhimbra, Khanna Publishers.
29
C2EC O4 - PDC LAB
1. LINEAR WAVE SHAPING

2. NONLINEAR WAVE SHAPING (CLIPPERS)
3. NONLINEAR WAVE SHAPING (CLAMPEARS)
4. TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH
5. STUDY OF LOGICGATES
6. SAMPLING GATES
7. ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
8. MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
9. BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
10. SCHMITT TRIGGER
11. UJT AS A RELAXATION OSCILLATOR
12. BOOTSTRAP SWEEP GENERATOR
C2 EE11 Electrical Machines & Networks Lab
Electrical Machines Lab:
1. Speed control of D.C. Shunt Motor By field control and armature

control method.
2. Load test on D.C. Shunt Generator.
3. O.C. and S.C. Tests on 1 – Phase Transformer.
4. O.C.C. Characteristics of D.C. Shunt Generator.
5. Load test on Induction Motor.
NETWORKS Lab:
1. Verification of Thevinin’s and Norton’s Theorem.

2. Verification of Superposition Theorem.
3. Verification of Maximum Power transfer Theorem.
4. Calculation of Z and Y parameters of Two Port Network.
5. Calculation of coefficient of coupling between two coils.
30
SCHOOL OF CONTINUING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

III YEAR
S.NO. CODE No. NAME OF THE SUBJECT CREDITS
1. C3 EC01 Analog and Digital Communications 8
2. C3 EC02 IC Analysis, Design & Applications 8
3. C3 EC03 Microprocessors & Micro-controllers 8
4. C3 EC04 Digital Signal Processing 8
5. C3 EC05 Microwave Engineering 8
Electronic Measurements and

6. C3 EC06 8
Instruments
7. C3 EC07 Communications Lab 4
8 C3 EC08 IC Applications Lab 4
31
B.TECH. (CCC) III – YEAR ECE
C3 EC01 - ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
UNIT – I:
AMPLITUDE MODULATION
Introduction to modulation, need for modulation, types of modulation. AM –
definition, types. DSB-SC: frequency translation, spectra, BW requirements,
power content, demodulation – synchronous demodulator, AM-DSB:
conventional AM – BW power content and power relations, Generation -
square law modulator, switching modulator, balanced modulator, ring
modulator , Detection - rectifier detector, envelope detector.
(Ref. 1, 2)
SSB SYSTEMS:
SSB - spectral characteristics, Generation – filter method, phase shift method;
demodulation, effects of frequency and phase errors in synchronous detection -
DSB-SC, SSB-SC cases. Comparison of AM systems. VSB: generation,
spectra, demodulation. Applications of different AM systems. (Ref. 1, 2)
UNIT – II:
ANGLE MODULATION:
Definition, types, PM & FM relations, Phase and frequency deviation.
Spectrum of FM signal for sinusoidal modulation , sideband features, power
content. Narrow band and wide band cases, BW considerations. Spectrum of a
constant BW FM, Phasor Diagrams for FM signals. Multiple frequency
modulation – linearity. FM with square wave modulation. (Ref. 3, 2)
FM GENERATION AND DETECTION

Generation of FM Signals: Direct FM – Parameter Variation Method
(Implementation using Varactor, FET); Indirect FM – Armstrong System,
frequency multiplication.
FM demodulators : Principles, Types – Slope Detector, Balanced Slope
Detector, Phase Discriminator (Foster Seely), Ratio Detector, Comparison of
FM Demodulators.
(Ref. 3,4)
32
UNIT – III:
NOISE EFFECTS AND SNR
Effects of noise and SNR calculations for DSB-SC, SSB-SC, conventional
AM, FM (threshold effect, threshold extension, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis)
and PM. Comparison of all analog modulation systems – BW efficiency,
power efficiency, case of implementation. (Ref. 1, 2)
UNIT – IV:
PULSE-ANALOG MODULATION:
Sampling Theorem, Types of sampling, Sampling of Band-Pass Signals,
Practical aspects of sampling, Reconstruction of Low-Pass and Band-Pass
signals, Time division Multiplexing (TDM), Pulse Amplitude Modulation
(PAM), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Pulse Position Modulation
(PPM) – Characteristics.
UNIT – V:
BASEBAND DATA TRANSMISSION:Introduction, Baseband Binary PAM
systems, Duobinary Baseband PAM systems, M-Ary Signalling schemes,
Shaping of the Transmitted signal spectrum, Equalization, Eye Diagrams,
Synchronization, Scrambler and Unscrambler.
UNIT – VI:
PULSE-DIGITAL MODULATION:
Quantization, Quantization error, Elements of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM),
Bandwidth Requirements of PCM, Noise in PCM systems, Differential PCM
Systems (DPCM), Delta Modulation, Adaptive Delta Modulation, Noise in
Delta Modulation Systems, Comparison of PCM and DM systems, PCM Vs
Analog Modulation, Comparison of different Communication Systems (BW
and SNR).
UNIT – VII:
DIGITAL CARRIER MODULATION SCHEMES:
Introduction, Optimum receiver for Binary Digital Modulation Schemes,
Binary ASK, PSK, FSK, DPSK Schemes, Comparison of Digital Modulation
Schemes, Introduction to M-Ary Signaling Schemes.
UNIT – VIII:
ERROR CONTROL CODING:
Introduction, Linear Block Codes, Binary Cyclic Codes, Convolution Codes.
33
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electronic Communication Systems – by Kennedy, McGraw Hill Publ.
2. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – by K. Sam Shanmugam,
John
Wiley and Sons.
3. Communication Systems – by Simon Haykin, John Wiley.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Communications Systems – by Taub & Schilling TMH.
2. Communication Systems - by B.P. Lathi, BS Publ.
3. Communication Systems Engineering – by John G. Proakis and Masoud
Salehi, Pearson Education.
34
C3 EC02 - IC ANALYSIS DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
UNIT – I:
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Fabrication and characteristics-IC technology-
basic monolithic integrated circuits. Epitaxial growth, masking, etching and
diffusing, impurities, introduction to VLSI engineering concepts.
UNIT – II:
OP-AMP APPLICATIONS: Basic applications of Op-amp, instrumentation
amplifier, ac amplifier, V to I and I to V converters, sample & hold circuits,
multipliers and dividers, Differentiators and Integrators, Comparators, Schmitt
trigger, Multivibrators, introduction to voltage regulators, features of 723.
UNIT – III:
ACTIVE FILTERS: Introduction, 1st order LP, HP filters. Band pass, Band
reject and all pass filters.
UNIT – IV:
OSCILLATORS: Oscillator types and principle of operation – RC, Wien and
Quadrature type, waveform generators – triangular, sawtooth, square wave and
VCO.
UNIT – V:
TIMERS & PHASE LOCKED LOOPS: Introduction to 555 timer, functional
diagram, Monostable and Astable operations and applications, Schmitt Trigger.
PLL - introduction, block schematic, principles and description of individual
blooks, 565.
UNIT – VI:
D to A & A to D CONVERTERS: Introduction, basic DAC techniques,
weighted resistor DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408
DAC, Different types of ADCs - parallel comparator type ADC, counter type
ADC, successive approximation ADC and dual slope ADC. DAC and ADC
Specifications, Specifications AD 574 (12 bit ADC).
UNIT – VII:
DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Digital IC characteristics- Digital IC
families : DTL, RTL, ECL, MOS & CMOS- Comparison of Digital IC
families, New Digital IC families, CI2LIC, EFLIC, I2LCIC, building blocks of
35
Digital systems, Basic Digital circuits, Flip-Flops, Free running clocks and
wave form generators, Schmitt trigger, Crystal clock.
UNIT – VIII:
DIGITAL SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS: Counters with registers, Decoders,
De-multiplexers, Encoders, RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, PLAs,
PLDs,System Design Examples, Frequency Counters, Frequency
Measurement, Period measurement, Frequency, Ratio, Delay Measurements,
D/A & A/D converters.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Linear Integrated Circuits – D. Roy Chowdhury, New Age International
(p) Ltd.
2. Linear IC Applications – K. Lal Kishore, Pearson Education, 2005/PHI.
3. Op-Amps & Linear Ics - Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, PHI.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Micro Electronics: Milliman- MC GrawHill.
2. Introduction to System Design using ICs: Sonde.
3. Operational Amplifiers: Clayton.
36
C3 EC03 - MICROPROCESSOR & MICROCONTROLLERS
UNIT -I: Introduction, Overview of 8-bit Processors likes 8085 MC6800 &
Z - 80
UNIT - II: 8086 Architecture: Functional Diagram, Register Organization,

Addressing modes, Instructions
UNIT - III: AL Programming of 8086 – Simple programs using the

Assembler Machine Language Coding, Implementation of for loops, WHILE
repeat, IF THEN, ELSE IF Features, String manipulation, procedures.
UNIT - IV: Interfacing I: 8086 System bus structure, Memory (Static &
Dynamic) and IO interface with 8086, interface through various IC peripheral
chips like 8255, 8257, 8259.
UNIT - V: Interfacing-II, Interfacing of switches keyboards, LEDs, 7-

Segment Display units. Transducers actuators, Stepper motor, A-D & D-A,
CRT interface, Floppy interface. Architecture, Programming and Design
features of 8279, 8275, 8272.
UNIT - VI: Interfacing-III: Serial Communications standards, Architecture,

Programming & Design features of 8251 USRT, RS-232, IEEE-488, 20ma
current loop, prototyping & trouble shooting, S/W debugging tools, MDS,
organization of PC Hardware.
UNIT - VII: Advanced Microprocessors: Introduction and salient features of

80286,80386, 80486 and Pentium processors.
UNIT - VIII: Introduction to 8051-Architecture, I/O pins for ports and

circuits. External memory & Internal memory, counters & timers, serial data
input/output interrupts.Addressing modes, External data modes, code memory,
read only data, Modes /indexed addressing mode. Logical operations,
Architecture operations & Jump operations, counter/timer programming in
8051, 8051 connections to RS-232, 8051 serial communication programming,
8051 interrupt Programming, timer interrupt programming, external H/W
interrupt Program the serial communication interrupts, interrupt priority into
8051.
37
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Douglas V. Hall: Microprocessor & Interfacing, programming
& Hardware”. TMH 2003
2. Ayala K.J: The 8051 Micro controller Architecture
Programming & Applications”, Penram International 2001.
REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. Gibson : Microprocessors on S/W and H/W”
2. Danuius Tabak: Advanced Micro processors (Mc Graw Hill 2nd edition)
3. DV.Hall: Digital Systems and Microprocessors.
38
C3 EC04 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
UNIT – I:
INTRODUCTION: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Discrete time
signals & sequences, linear shift invariant systems, stability and causality,
Linear constant coefficient difference equations. Frequency domain
representation of discrete time signals and systems.
UNIT – II:
DISCRETE FOURIER SERIES: Properties of discrete Fourier series, DFS
representation of periodic sequences, Discrete Fourier transforms (DFT),
Properties of DFT, linear convolution of sequences using DFT, Computation of
DFT.
UNIT – III:
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) - Radix-2
decimation in time and decimation in frequency, FFT Algorithms, Inverse FFT,
FFT with General Radix.
UNIT – IV:
REALIZATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS: Applications of z-transforms,
solution of difference equations of digital filters. System function, stability
criterion, frequency response of stable systems. Realization of digital filters –
direct, canonic, cascade and parallel forms, Lattice structures.
UNIT – V:
IIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Analog filter approximations – Butter worth and
Chebshev, Design of IIR Digital filters from analog filters, Bilinear
transformation method, step and impulse invariance techniques, Spectral
transformations.
UNIT – VI:
FIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters, frequency
response. Design of FIR Digital Filters using Window Techniques, Frequency
Sampling technique, Comparison of IIR & FIR filters.
UNIT – VII:
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Decimation, interpolation,
sampling rate conversion, filter design and implementation for sampling rate
conversion.
39
UNIT –VIII:
INTRODUCTION TO DSP PROCESSORS:
Introduction to programmable DSPs: Multiplier and Multiplier Accumulator
(MAC), Modified Bus Structures and Memory Access schemes in DSPs
Multiple access memory, Multiport memory, VLSI Architecture, Pipelining,
Special addressing modes, On-Chip Peripherals.
Examples: Features of TMS 320CXX Processors, Internal Architecture,
External memory accesses, Pipeline operations, Peripherals.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing : Principals, Algorithms and Applications -
Proakis, J.Gard
and D.G.Manolakis, 3rd Edn.,,PHI, 1996.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing – Robert J. Schilling and
Sandra L. Harris,
Thomson, 2005.
3. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming & Applications,
- B. Venkata
Ramani, M. Bhaskar, TMH, 4th reprint, 2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A.V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer,
PHI, 1989.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing – Loney Luderman.
3. Digital Signal Processing – S. Salivahanan et al., TMH, 2000.
4. Digital Signal Processing – Thomas J. Cavicchi, WSE, John Wiley, 2004.
40
C3 EC05 - MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

UNIT - I:
Microwave Transmission Lines – I:
Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands, Applications of Microwaves.
Parallel Plate Waveguides – TE, TM, TEM Mode Analysis, Principal Mode
and its Significance.
Rectangular Waveguides – TE, TM Analysis and Dominant Mode, Field
Vatiations in the Cross Section, Cut-off Frequencies, Velocities, Wavelengths,
Wave Impdeances. Power Transmission and Power Losses. Attenuation
Factor – Expressions for Parallel Plate Guide (TEM) and Rectangular Guide
(Dominant Mode).
UNIT - II:
Microwave Transmission Lines - II:
Circular Waveguides – Introduction, Nature of Fields, Field Variations in the
Cross Section, Characteristic Equation, Dominant Mode and Propagation
Characteristics.
Microstrip Lines – Introduction, Z0 Relations, Effective Dielectric Constant,
Losses, Q factor.
Waveguide Cavity Resonators – Rectangular and Cylindrical Cavities,
Dominant Modes and Resonant Frequencies, Q Factor and Coupling
Coefficients.
UNIT - III:
Waveguide Components: Probe and Loop Coupling, Waveguide Windows,
Tuning Screws and Posts, Matched Loads, Waveguide Attenuators, Waveguide
Phase Shifters, Wave Meters.
Waveguide Multiport Junctions: E and H Plane Tees, Magic Tee, Hybrid
Ring, Directional Couplers – Characteristics and Applications.
UNIT - IV:
Ferrite Components: Ferrites – Composition and Characteristics, Faraday
Rotation; Gyrator, Isolator, Circulator.
Scattering Matrix: Significance and Formulation, Properties of S-parameters.
S-Matrix Calculations for 2-port Junction, E and H Plane Tees, Magic Tee,
Directional Coupler, Isolator, Circulator.
UNIT- V:
Microwave Tubes – I: Limitations and Losses of Conventional Tubes at
Microwave Frequencies; O and M Type Classifications.
O Type Tubes: 2 Cavity Klystrons – Structure, Velocity Diagram, Small Signal
Theory, Power o/p and Efficiency. Reflex Klystrons – Structure, Velocity
Diagram, Principle of Working, Expressions for Power o/p and Efficiency,
Electronic Admittance; Mode Characteristics, Methods of Tuning.
41
UNIT- VI:
Microwave Tubes – II:
Helix TWTs - Significance of Slow Wave Structures, Description of TWT and
its Amplification Process (Qualitative Treatment), Suppression of Oscillations,
Gain Considerations.
M – Type Tubes : Introduction, Cross-field effects, Magnetrons – types, 8
cavity Cylindrical Travelling Wave Magnetron, Hull Cut-off and Hartree
Conditions, Modes of Resonance and PI-Mode Operations, Performance
Characteristics.
UNIT- VII:
Microwave Solid State Devices:
Introduction, Classification, Applications. TEDs, Gunn Diode – Principle,
RWH Theory, Modes and Characteristics; READ, IMPATT and TRAPATT
Diodes – Principles of Operation and Performance Characteristics.
Parametric Amplifiers – Principle of Operation, Types, Characteristics and
Applications.
UNIT- VIII:
Microwave Measurements:
Description of Microwave Bench (X – band), Different Blocks and their
Features, Precautions. Measurement of Reflex Klystron Mode Characteristics.
Microwave Power Measurement. Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency,
VSWR, Cavity Q and Impedance.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, 3rd ed., 1994.
2. Microwave Principles – H.J. Reich et al., CBS Publ., New Delhi, 2004.
3. Foundations for Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, IEEE Press, John
Wiley, 2nded.,2002.
REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices – M.L. Sisodia and G.S.
Raghuvanshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Age International Publ., 1995.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and
K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Ed., 2000.
3. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th
ed., 1955.
4. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – P.A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999.
42
C3 EC06 - ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT – I:
MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION: Analog and digital
Measurements ,Performance characteristics-Types of errors -Statistical analysis
of errors and the Gaussian error, curve limitation errors.
UNIT – II:
BRIDGES : D.C. Bridges and their applications, A.C Bridges and their
applications. twin T and Bridged- T bridges, Shielding of bridges.
UNIT – III:
REVIEW OF AC INDICATORS INSTRUMENTS:
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS: electronic D.C. Voltmeter, electronic A.C.
voltmeters, Balanced bridge voltmeters, DVMs.
UNIT – IV:
MEASUREMENT OF POWER : Power measurement on transmission lines,
VU meter.
UNIT – V:
OSCILLOSCOPE: Basic Circuitry, time base generator, modes of operation,
synchronization of sweep circuits, CRO probes
ADVANCED LAB OSCILLOSCOPES: High frequency considerations,
Sampling CRO ,storage CRO, applications of CRO.
Ohm-meter and its applications in measurements of very low capacitances and
impedance of tuned circuits.
UNIT – VI:
WAVE FORM GENERATORS: Signal generators, function generators, wave
analyzers, harmonic distortion analyzer, spectrum analyzer.
UNIT – VII:
FREQUENCY AND TIME MEASUREMENTS: Time based and associated
circuitry ,frequency measurement, period measurement, time interval
measurement, universal counter timer.
UNIT – VIII:
TRANCEDUCERS: principle, classification characteristics, selection criteria
and area of applications
43
FORCE AND DISPLACEMENT TRANSEDUCER: Strain gauge, LVDT,
Temperature transducers: Resistance and Thermocouple types.
MISLLANEOUS TRANSDUCERS: Measurement of force, pressure, vacuum
levels velocity, acceleration, humidity, moisture, photo – sensitive, magnetic
and radio-active transducers, Piezoelectric transducers.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
:W.DCooper,PHI
2. Electronic Measurements :Terman and petit.
REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation : Oliver and Dage
2. Transducers and Display Systems: B.S.Sonde
3. Instrumentation Devoice and systems :C.S. Rangan ,G.R.Sarma and
Mani.
44
CE EC07 - COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY
1. Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation.

2. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation.
3. Balanced Modulator and Demodulator.
4. Sampling theorem.
5. Pulse amplitude Modulation and Demodulation.
6. Pulse Width Modulation and Demodulation.
7. Time Division Multiplexing & Demultiplexing.
8. Pulse Code Modulation AND Demodulation.
9. Delta Modulation and Demodulation.
10. FSK Modulation and Demodulation.
11. PSK Modulation and Demodulation.
12. Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Demodulations.
45
C3EC08 - I.C.APPLICATIONS LABORATORY
1. APPLICATIONS OF OPAMP
2. FULL WAVE RECTIFER CIRCUITS
3. 555 TIMER APPLICATIONS
4. DESIGN & VERFICATION OF HALF ADDER, FULL ADDER,
HALF SUBTRACTOR AND FULL SUBTRACTOR
5. FLIPFLOPS
6. IC FUNCTION GENERATOR
7. FILTER CIRCUITS
8. VOLTAGE REGULATOR
9. LOGIC GATES
10. PHASE LOCKED LOOP
11. DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER
12. DECADE COUNTER
46
SCHOOL OF CONTINUING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

IV YEAR
S.NO.
CODE No. NAME OF THE SUBJECT CREDITS
1. C4 EC01 VlSI Technology & Design 8
2. C4 EC02 Communication Systems 8
3. C4 EC03 Advanced Communications 8
Elective – I
C4 EC20 Digital image Processing

4. 8
C4 EC21 Optical Networks & Communications
Elective – II
C4 EC22 Embedded Systems & Advanced

5. Computer Architecture 8
C4 EC23 Data Communication & Computer

Networks
Microprocessors & Micro-controllers

6. C4 EC04 4
Lab
7. C4 EC05 Microwave & Signal processing Lab 4
8 C4 EC06 Project 16
47
B.TECH. (CCC) IV – YEAR ECE
C4 EC01 - VLSI TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN
UNIT I: Introduction to IC technology, MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS

technologies- P-Well, n-well and Twin tub processes, BI-CMOS technology.
UNIT II: Basic electrical properties of MOS and BI-CMOS circuits- Ids vs.
Vds relationships aspects of Vt- conductance’s-pass transistor, NMOS circuits,
pull-up and pull- down ratio- forms of pull-up CMOS inverters, inverters
design and Analysis-Catch-up.
UNIT III: Circuit design processes-Stick diagrams- layout design rules,

scaling of MOS circuits, limitations of scaling.
UNIT IV: Logic gates and other complex gates- Switch logic- alternate gate
circuits- Basic circuit concepts- Sheet Resistance Rs and its concept to MOS-
Area capacitance Units- Calculations-t delays- driving large capacitive loads-
wiring capacitances- Fan-in and Fan-out, choice of layers.
UNIT V: Sequential Machines- Latches- Flip-Flops- Sequential Systems and

clocking disciplines. Sequential System Design- Power Optimization-
Sequential Testing.
UNIT VI: Sub System Design- Shifters- Adders- ALUs- Multipliers- Parity
Generators- Comparators- Zero/One Detectors Counters –High Density
Memory Elements.
UNIT VII: Floor Planning, Introduction- Floor Planning Methods- off Chip
Connectors- Packages- I/O Architecture- Pad Design.
UNIT VIII: CMOS Testing, Need for Testing- Test Principles- Design
Strategies for Test- Chip Level Test Techniques- System Level Test techniques
– Layout Design for improved Testability and the Algorithms to Layout.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Wayne Wolf- Modern VLSI Design-Weste Eshraghian.
2. Douglas A. Puck Nell, Kamran Eshraghian: Basic VLSI Design, (PHI
3rd Edition).
3. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design- Weste Eshraghian.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. John M. Rabaey: Digital Integrated Circuits (PHI, EEE) 1997.
2. Introduction to VLSI circuits and Systems-John. P- Uyemura- John Wiley.
48
(C4 EC02) COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
UNIT – I:
RADIO RECEIVERS
TRF and superheterodyne receivers, RF, mixer and IF stages, choice of IF,
Image frequency, alignment and tracking of radio receivers, AGC, tone and
volume controls, Receiver characteristics and their measurements, FM
receivers, Communication receivers, Fading and diversity reception.
UNIT – II:
TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS
Classification of telecommunication switching systems, major
telecommunication networks, Space division switching and Time division
switching, Time multiplexed space switching, time multiplexed time switching,
combination switching.
TELEPHONE NETWORKS
Subscriber loop systems, Switching hierarchy and transmission plan,
Transmission systems, Numbering plan, Charging plan, Inchannel signalling,
common channel signalling, cellular mobile telephony, Introduction to
Integrated Switching Digital Network (ISDN).
UNIT - III:
Mobile Radio: Frequency reuse, Cell splitting, Propagation effects. Broadband
ISDN -Interactive and distributed services, Continuous and bursty traffic,
Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint connects. Synchronous Optical
Network (SONET) system.
UNTI – IV:
The nature of Radar, Block schematic of pulse radar, Simple Radar Equation,
Radar frequencies, Applications of Radars.
THE RADAR EQUATION:
Prediction of range performance, Minimum detectable signal, receiver noise,
Signal to noise ratio, integration of radar pulses, Radar cross section of targets
49
(significance), Transmitter power, PRF and Range ambiguities, Qualitative
treatment of system losses.
UNIT – V:
CW AND FM RADAR:
The Doppler effect, CW Radar – Block diagram, Isolation between transmitter
and receiver, nonzero IF receiver, applications of CW radar. FM-CW radar –
Block diagram and characteristics, multiple frequency CW radar.
UNIT – VI:
MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR:
Introduction, Principle, MTI radar with power-amplifier transmitter and power-
oscillator transmitter; Delay line cancellors – filter characteristics, blind
speeds, double cancellation, Staggered PRF, Range Gated Doppler Filters,
Limitations to MTI performance; Non-coherent MTI, MTI versus Pulse
Doppler Radar.
UNIT – VII:
TRACKING RADAR:
Tracking with radar, Sequential lobing, conical scan, mono pulse radar –
amplitude comparison and phase comparison mono pulse. Low angle tracking,
tracking in range, acquisition, comparison of trackers.
UNIT – VIII:
ANTENNAS FOR RADAR APPLICATIONS:
Parabolic-reflector antennas, Cassegrain Antennas, Cosecant Squared antennas,
Introduction to Phased Array Antennas (basic concepts and applications),
Radar receiver, displays and duplexers.
DETECTION OF RADAR SIGNALS IN NOISE:
Matched filter receiver, Correlation receiver, Introduction to ECM and
ECCM.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems – M.I. Skolnik, McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed.
2. Telecommunication Switching, Systems & Networks – by Thyagarajan
Viswanthan, PHI (1999) (for Units 3 & 4).
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Telephone Switching – by B.E. Briely, Addison Wesley.
2. Radio Engineering – by G.K. Mithal, Khanna Publ.
3. Electronic and Radio Engineering – by FE Terman (for Units 1 & 2),
McGraw-Hill.
4. Electronic Communication Systems – by Kennedy (for Units 1 & 2),
McGraw-Hill.
5. Communication Systems – Simon Haykin (for Unit 5), John Wiley.
50
C4 EC03 - ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT – I:
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEMS:
A basic cellular system, performance criteria, Uniqueness of Mobile Radio
Environment, Operation of cellular systems, planing cellular systems, Analog
and digital cellular systems.
ELEMENTS OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN:
General description of the problem, concept of frequency channels, Co-channel
Interference Reduction Factor, desired C/I from a normal case in an
Omnidirectional Antenna System, Cell Splitting, consideration of the
components of cellular systems.
UNIT – II:
INTERFERENCE:
Introduction to co-channel interference, real time co-channel interference, co-
channel measurement, design of antenna system, antenna parameters and their
effects, diversity receiver, non co-channel interference – different types.
UNIT – III:
CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC:
General introduction, obtaining the Mobile point-to-point mode, Propagation
over water or flat open area, foliage loss, propagation in near distance, long
distance propagation, point-to-point prediction model – characteristics, cell
site, antenna heights and signal coverage cells, mobile to mobile propagation.
CELL SITE ANTENNAS & MOBILE ANTENNAS:Characteristics, Antennas
at cell site, Mobile Antennas.
UNIT – IV:
FREQUENCY MANANGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT:
Frequency management, fixed channel assignment, non-fixed channel
assignment, traffic and channel assignment.
HAND-OFF, DROPPED CALLS:
Why hand-off, types of hand-off and their characteristics, dropped call rates
and their evaluation.
OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES:
Parameters, Coverage hole filler, leaky feeders, cell splitting and small cells,
Narrow beam concept.
51
UNIT – V:
INTRODUCTION:
The Origin of Satellite Communications, a brief history of Satellite
Communications, the Current State of Satellite Communications.
ORIBITAL ASPECTS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS:
Orbitals, Mechanics, Look Angle determination, Orbital perturbations, Orbit
determination, launches and launch vehicles, Orbital effects in communication
systems performance.
UNIT – VI:
SPACE CRAFT:
Introduction, spacecraft subsystems, attitude and orbit control system,
telemetry, tracking and command, power systems, communication subsystems,
Spacecraft antennas.
UNIT – VII:
SATELLITE LINK DESIGN:
Basic transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T ratio, Design of
down links, up link design, Design of satellite links for specified C/N.
MULTIPLE ACCESS:
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA), Time division Multiple Access
(TDMA), Code Division Multiple access (CDMA).
UNIT – VIII:
EARTH STATION TECHNOLOGY:
Earth station Design, Design of Large Antennas, Tracking, Small earth station
Antennas, equipment for Earth Stations.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – by William C.Y. Lee, McGraw-
Hill.
2. Wireless Communications – by Theodore S. Rappaport, Pearson
Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Satellite Communications – by M. Richharia, MacMillan Publ.
2. Satellite Communications – by Pratt, John Wiley.
3. Satellite Communications – by Robert M. Giglardi, CBS Publ.
4. Satellite Communications – by Agarwal.
52
C4 EC20 - DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

(ELECTIVE- I)
UNIT – I:
Digital Image fundamentals: Digital Image representation, elements of digital
image processing system, elements of visual perception, image model,
sampling and quantization, basic relationships between pixels, imaging
geometry.
UNIT – II:
Image transforms: Fourier transform, Discrete Fourier transforms, properties
of 2-D Fourier transform – Fast Fourier transform, Walsh transform, Hadamard
transform, Discrete Cosine transform, Hotelling transform.
UNIT – III:
Image enhancement: Background, Enhancement by point processing,
Histogram processing, Spatial filtering and enhancement in frequency domain,
Image smoothing, Image sharpening, Colour Image processing.
UNIT – IV:
Image restoration: Degradation model, Algebraic approach to restoration,
Inverse filtering, Least Mean Square filters, Constrained Least Squares
Restoration – Interactive Restoration .
UNIT – V:
Image Coding - Fidelity criteria, Encoding process, Error free encoding, Image
coding relative to fidelity criterion – Image compression models, the source
encoder and decoder, the channel encoder and decoders, Error- free
compression, Lossy compression.
UNIT – VI:
Image Segmentation: Detection of discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary
detection, Thresholding, Region Oriented Segmentation.
UNIT – VII:
Representation and description: Various Schemes for representation, Boundary
descriptors and reginal descriptors.
53
UNIT – VIII:
Image reconstruction from projections, random transform, convolution, filter
back projection algorithms.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing – by R.C. Gonzalez & R.E. Woods, Addison
Wesley.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing – by A.K. Jain, PHI.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Electronics Image Processing- by Arther R. Weeks, Jr.
PHI.
2. Image Processing & Machine Vision – by Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac,
Roger Boyle, 2nd edition.
54
C4 EC21 - OPTICAL NETWORKS & COMMUNICATIONS

(ELECTIVE-I)
UNIT – I:
INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS:
Introduction and Historical Background, Elements of an optical fiber
communication system, Advantages of Optical Fiber Communications,
Applications.
OPTICAL FIBER WAVEGUIDES:

Nature of light, Basic optical laws and definitions, optical fiber modes and
configurations (Fiber types, Rays and modes, step index and graded index
fibers), Ray optics representation, wave representation, Mode theory of circular
wave guides, single-mode fibers, Graded – index fibers, fiber materials.
UNIT – II:
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL FIBERS:
Attenuation - Absorption, scattering and bending losses in fibers, core and
cladding losses. Signal distortion in optical waveguides, different types of
dispersions, pulse broadening.
UNIT –III:
OPTICAL SOURCES AND DETECTORS:
Basic semiconductor properties, LEDs – Structures, light source materials,
internal quantum efficiency, modulation capability, transient response, power
bandwidth product. Semiconductor Laser Diodes - modes and resonant
frequencies, reliability. Physical principles of PIN photo detectors, avalanche
photo diodes. Noise in detectors.
UNIT – IV:
OPTICAL RECEIVER AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS:
Fundamental receiver operation, digital receiver performance calculation, pre
amplifier types, analog receivers, point to point links, link power budget, Rise
time Budget, transmission distance limits, Wavelength Division Multiplexing.
UNIT – V:
OPTICAL FIBER CONNECTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS:
Source to fiber power launching – basics, fiber alignment and joint loss, fiber
splices, fiber connectors, Measurement of attenuation and dispersion.
55
UNIT - VI:
INTRODUCTION & TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE
Three Generations of Digital Transport Networks, Brief Introduction to WDM
and TDM, Optical Market Place, Wireless Optical Systems, Optical Nodes,
Key terms, Evolution of Optical Networks, Local Connections, Backbone
Connections, Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy, Digital Signaling Hierarchy (T or
DS), Layered Protocol Model Networks, Considerations for Internetworking
Layers.
UNIT -VII:
TIMING & SYNCHRONIZATION
Timing and Synchronization Digital Networks, Effect of Timing Error,
Clocking Signal, Types of Timing in Networks, Timing Variations, Method of
Clock Exchange, Distribution of Timing Using SONET and DS1, Timing
Downstream Devices, Building Integrated Timing Supply, Synchronization
Status Messages, Timing Loops
UNIT - VIII:
SONET and SDH
Reasons for Success of SONET/SDH, SONET Multiplexing Hierarchy,
SONET/SDH Multiplexing Structure, SONET/SDH Frame Structure, SONET
and SDH Functional Components, SONET and SDH Problem Detection,
Locating and Adjusting Payload with pointers, Virtual Tributaries and Virtual
Containers, SONET and SDH Concatenation
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw-Hill, 3rd edition
2. Optical Networks – by Uyless Black, PEI
3. Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2nd edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fibre Optic Communications – by D.K. Mynbaev and Lowell L. Scheiner,
Pearson
Education.
2. Fibre Optic Communication Systems – by Govind P. Agarwal, 3/e, John
Wiley Publ.
56
C4 EC22 - EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND ADVANCED
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
(ELECTIVE –II)
UNIT – I:
INTRODUCTION:
Embedded systems overview, design challenge, processor technology, IC
technology, Design Technology, Trade-offs.
Single purpose processors: RT-level combinational logic, sequential logic (RT-
level), custom single purpose processor design (RT-level), optimizing custom
single purpose processors.
UNIT – II:
GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS:
Basic architecture, operation – pipelining, programmer’s view, development
environment, Application Specific Instrumentation-Set Processors (ASIPs) –
Micro Controllers and Digital Signal Processors.
UNIT – III:
STATE MACHINE & CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS:
Introduction, models Vs. languages, finite state machines with data path model
(FSMD), using state machines, program state machine model (PSM),
concurrent process model, concurrent processes, communication among
processes, synchronization among processes, implementation, data flow model,
real-time systems.
UNIT – IV:
DESIGN TECHNOLOGY:
Introduction automation: synthesis, the parallel evolution of compilation and
synthesis, logic synthesis, RT synthesis, Behavioral synthesis, Systems
synthesis and hardware/software code sign, verification, hardware/software
co-simulation, reuse of intellectual property codes.
57
UNIT – V:
Trends towards parallel processing, parallelism in uniprocessor systems,
parallel computer structures, architectural classification schemes, parallel
processing applications, memory hierarchy in parallel processing systems,
addressing schemes. Pipleline concept, linear pipelining and space time
diagram, classification of pipeline processors, nonlinear pipeline and
reservation table, interleaved memory organization, arithmetic pipelines,
principles of designing pipeline processors, vector processing.
UNIT – VI:
SIMD array processors, organization, masking and routing mechanisms, inter
PE communications, SIMD inter connection networks, single stage and multi
stage networks, mesh connected Illiac networks, parallel shifter, shuffle
exchange and omega networks, parallel algorithms for array processors, matrix
multiplication, polynomial evaluation, parallel sortings, fast fourier transform
computation, associative array processor.
UNIT – VII:
Multiprocessor architecture, loosely coupled and tightly coupled
multiprocessor systems, processor characteristics, inter connection networks
crossbar switch and multi port memories, multi stage networks, banyan and
delta networks parallel memory organization, multiprocessing operating
systems, classification and requirements, software requirements for MPS,
language features to exploit parallelism, multi processor scheduling strategies,
parallel algorithms.
UNIT – VIII:
Data flow computers, control flow versus data flow, data flow computer
architectures, data flow graphs, data flow languages, Dennis and Irvine
machines, dataflow design alternatives, dependence driven and multi level
event driven approaches, VLSI computing structures, systolic array
architecture, VLSI matrix arithmetic processor.
58
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Embedded System Design – A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction –
by Frank Vahid, Tony D. Givargis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
2. Introduction to Embedded Systems – by Raj Kamal, TMH, 2002.
3. “Computer Architecture and parallel processing”, Hwang K, Briggs F.A
McGraw Hill.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Embedded Microcomputer Systems – by Jonathan W. Valvano,
Brooks/Cole, Thompson Learning.
2. Advanced Computing Architectures, Dezso Sima, Terence Fountain, Peter
Kacsuk, Pearson education.
3. Scalable Parallel Computing , K. Hwang, Z. Xu, Mc Graw Hill.
59
C4 EC23 - DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTR NETWORKS

(ELECTIVE-II)
UNIT – I:
DATA COMMUNICATION METHODS: Data communication circuit
configuration topologies. Point to point, multi drop, star, ring, transmission
modes, 2-wire and 4- wire operation, data communication codes, error
detection, Equalization, error correction, check up method, synchronization,
line. Control unit, DART, USART, Serial interfaces, terminal types, data
modems, modulation.
UNIT – II:
DATA COMMUNINCATIN PROTOCOLS: Asynchronous protocols,
Synchronous protocols, IBM biSync protocol, SDLC, HDLC, HDLC line
procedures and HDLC data transfer.
UNIT – III:
DIGITAL MULTIPLEXER: Time Division Multiplexing, Block Diagram of
PCM, TDM system, Modem, sampling data signals, line encoding, T-carriers,
Repeater, Frame Synchronization, Bit interleaving and Word interleaving,
Concentrator, Multiplexer, Introduction to frequency. Multiplexing, data
transmission on FDM systems.
UNIT – IV:
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS: Goals, applications,
Structure, Architecture, ISO-OSI reference Model, TCP/IP reference model,
BISDN reference model and its comparisons.
PHYSICAL LAYER: Transmission and Multiplexing, Digital Transmission,
X.21. Digital interface, circuit. Switching and packet Switching, Terminal
Handling, Polling, Packet Assembler / Dissembler, Errors nature. Error
Correction/Detection codes.
UNIT – V:
DATALINK LAYER: Simplex protocols, Unrestricted Stop and Wait and
Sliding Window protocols.
MEDIUM ACCESS SUBLAYER: Pure Aloha, Slotted ALOHA, Controlled
ALOHA and reservation ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD Protocols, Token bus θ
Token ring, collision free and limited contention protocols.
UNIT – VI:
NETWORK LAYER: Virtual Circuits and Data grams, routing algorithms,
flooding, Static, decentralized, Isolated, distributed, Hierarchical, and
60
broadcast routing algorithms, Congestion, congestion control, congestion
avoidance, algorithms-Leaky bucket and Token Bucket algorithm. Network
layer in the internet and ATM
UNIT – VII:
TRANSPORT AND SESSION LAYERS: Transport service, addressing and
connection establishment, Flow control and Buffering, Synchronization, Crash
Recovery, Gateways, Internet work packet Fragmentation, Transport Layer in
the Internet and ATM.
UNIT – VIII:
PRESENTATION LAYER: Network security and privacy, Data encryption,
Key distribution, Public key, cryptography authentication and digital signature,
text compression. Virtual terminal protocols. A file transfer protocols
APPLICATION LAYER: Domain Name Service, Electronic mail, World Wide
Web, Multimedia.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advanced electronic communication systems: W. Tomasi (Ch.1, 2,3,5,
partly 6)1987
P.H.I.
2. COMPUTER NETWORK: Andrew S. Tennenbaum, PHI 1985.
3. Computer Communications by William Stallings- PHI
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Data communication and teleprocessing Systems
(ch2, 3,4,6,7,10,11,12,14,15,17,18,19) 2nd edition 1087P.H.I 1985.
2. Data Networks, BertSerkis and Gallaga, Prentice Hall.
3. Data Communications and Networking- Behronz A.foronzan-TMH –2004.
4. Data Communications by Gupta.
61
C4EC04 - MIECROPROCESSORS AND MICRO-CONTROLLERS LAB
I. Microprocessor 8086
1. Introduction to MASMT/TASM.
2. Arithmetic operation – Multi byte Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication
and Division – Signed and unsigned Arithmetic operation, ASCII –
arithmetic operation.
3. Logic operations –Shift and rotate-Converting packed BCD to unpacked
BCD, BCD to ASCII conversion.
4. By using string operation and instruction prefix: Move Block, Reverse
string, Sorting, Inserting, Deleting, Length and of the string, String
comparison.
5. Modular Program: Procedure, Near and Far implementation, Recursion.
6. DOS/BIOS programming: Reading keyboard (Buffered with and without
echo) – Display characters, Strings.
II. Interfacing
1. 8259- Interrupt Controller.

2. 8279- Keyboard Display
3. 8255- PPI
4. 8251- USART.
III. Microcontroller 8051
1. Reading and Writing on a parallel port.

2. Timer in different modes.
3. Serial communication implementation
4. Understanding three memory areas of 00-FF (Programs using above
areas).
5. Using external interrupts.
6. Programs using special instructions like swap, bit/byte, set/reset etc.
7. Programs based on short, page, absolute addressing.
62
C4EC05 - MICTROWAVE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

LABORATORY
1. Reflex Klystron characteristics.
2. Gunn Diode Characteristics.
3. Directional coupler characteristics.
4. Waveguide parameter characteristics
5. Scattering parameters of Circulator
6. Scattering parameters of Directional Coupler.
7. Generation of various signal waveforms using MATLAB.
8. Program to find frequency response and PSD of given signal
9. Linear Convolution and Correlation of given signals.
10. Even and Odd parts of given signal.
11. Design of IIR filters.
12. Design of FIR filters using windowing technique.
C4EC06 – PROJECT WORK
*****
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TRIVENI EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY - 9848581807

SCHOOL OF CONTUNING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION

COURSE STRUCTURE FOR B.TECH. (CCC)

S.NO CODE Subject Credits

3. C1 ECO1 Electronic Circuit Analysis & Design 8

4. C1 ECO2 Probability Theory, Signals & Systems 8

5. C1 CS10 C & Data Structures 8

6. C1 ECO3 Network Theory & Transmission Lines 8

7. C1 ECO4 Electronic Circuits Lab 4

8 C1 CS11 Computer Programming Lab 4

Recommended Text Books

C1 EC01 - ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS & DESIGN

UNIT – I TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

UNIT – III FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

UNIT – V: SINGLE STAGE AMPLIFIERS:

Classification of amplifiers – Design of single stage amplifiers, HF model of

UNIT – VI: MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS:

Classification of power amplifiers, Class A, AB, B and C power amplifiers,

UNIT – VIII: TUNED AMPLIFIERS:

C1 EC02 - PROBABILITY THEORY, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS

1. Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles – by

1. Signals & Systems by Simon Haykin, Wiley Studen Ed

C1 CS10 - C & DATA STRUCTURES

1. Fundamentals of Data Structures - by Horowitz & Sahani.

C1 EC03 - NETWORK THEORY & TRANSMISSION LINES

1. Network Theory – Sudhakar and Shyammohan, TMH Publications.

C1 EC04 - ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LAB

Part A (6 experiments to be conducted)

Part B (All 6 experiments to be conducted)

C1 CS11 - COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB

12. Implement the following sorting techniques

COURSE STRUCTURE FOR B.TECH. (CCC)

SNO. CODE No. NAME OF THE SUBJECT CREDITS

Economics, Accountancy and

Computer Organization and Operating

4. C2 EC02 Pulse, Digital and Switching Circuits 8

5. C2 EC03 Control Systems Engineering 8

6. C2 EE10 Electrical technology 8

7. C2 EC04 PDC Lab 4

8 C2 EE11 Electrical machines And Network lab 4

C2 HS01 - ECONOMICS, ACCOUNTANCY AND MANAGEMENT

Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics- Demand Analysis –Demand

A) Capital-Estimation of Capital Requirements-sources of Finances and

computer application in project Planning.

B.TECH. (CCC) II – YEAR

C2 CS01 - COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING

FILE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: File Concepts, types of

MEMORY MANAGEMENT: Bare Machine, Resident Monitor, Swapping

B.TECH. (CCC) II – YEAR ECE

C2 EC01 - EM WAVES, ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

C2 EC02 - PULSE, DIGITAL & SWITCHING CIRCUITS

SYNCHRONATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION

SWITCHING CIRCUITS: ( Brief treatment) Switching Characteristics of

SAMPLING GATES: Operating principles of sampling gates, unidirectional

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Definition of Binary logic,

INTRODUCTION: Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and closed

C2 EE10 - ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

C2EC O4 - PDC LAB

1. LINEAR WAVE SHAPING

C2 EE11 Electrical Machines & Networks Lab

Electrical Machines Lab:

1. Speed control of D.C. Shunt Motor By field control and armature

1. Verification of Thevinin’s and Norton’s Theorem.