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THE ULTIMATE TECHNOLOGY
www.homai.org
The Holography Times is a quarterly newsletter published by Hologram Manufacturers Association of India (HoMAI). 1
The Holography Times
2 www.homai.org
The Holography Times
Editorial
personally like to thank each one for collectively moving forward this past year,
striving for the progress of the Indian holographic Industry. As we enter the New Year
Company Profile
we are excited about several initiatives that we have in place and new enhancements
Holography dates from 1947 and today, over these years, innovations in this space
reshape how the world works, how people organize themselves, and how they conduct
6
their lives. Scientists now view holograms for many new uses- from images on credit Even a street kitchen cook
cards and CD-ROMs to thwart counterfeiters, to medical image scans that recreate needs to be able to tell whether
images of the human brain. Today, when technology has increased its importance in
a banknote is genuine.
our lives, holography has also increased its share and followed suit.
Readers, welcoming you to this issue of The Holography Times, we cover some of
Interview with
Mario R. Keller 7
the futuristic application of holography all set to change the landscape of our lives.
This is also in concurrence with the mission statement of IHMA. The cover story Do You Know? 9
Interesting facts about money
focuses on establishing holography as a scientific stream and not a product. As it
is the start of a landmark year, this quarterly edition serves as a bookmark for many
objects of interest, which may enable to make more informed decisions and provide
guidance. In this issue, Mario R. Keller, Product Manager for High-Security Foils at
Holography -
Louisenthal Paper Mill, a wholly owned subsidiary of Giesecke & Devrient, explains
the latest trends in foil design and advantages security foils offer as opposed to other
security features. We also bring forward some of the glaring truths about currency
The Ultimate
Technology 10
counterfeiting, apart from latest holography happenings, industry news and events.
We look forward to a productive 2010 and appreciate and value the input of our
members. Review 14
HOLOPACK-HOLPRINT 2009
Best wishes for the New Year!
www.homai.org 3
The Holography Times
News Bytes
Twisted Physics:
Scientists create light knots with holograms
L ike our shoelaces or electrical cords,
light can also get twisted into knots.
Now, scientists at the University
intensity of light reaches zero, or no
light. The light all around us is filled
with these dark lines, even though
of Bristol, England, have used a we can’t see them. Our work actually
computer-controlled hologram and twists dark filaments within the light
theoretical physics to turn a light beam beam into knots.”
into pretzel-like shapes and knots. This
twisted feature not only leads to various These optical vortices are created with
images, but has implications for future holograms, which direct the flow of By reflecting a laser beam from a specially designed
laser devices as well. light. By using knot theory (a branch hologram (shown here as the colored circle), physicists
of abstract mathematics inspired by created knots of dark filaments (represented by the
Lead researcher Mark Dennis said, “In everyday knots), researchers have created colored knot).
a light beam, the flow of light through customized holograms and reflected
space is similar to water flowing in a regular laser beam from them. The Dennis said. “For me it shows how finely
a river. Even though the light from hologram acts like a filter for incoming we can control the flow and propagation
a laser pointer travels in a straight light, manipulating the phase of the light of laser light using holograms. This
line, it can also flow in whirls and wave. So each point on the hologram, degree of control is likely to find
eddies. These swirls of light are called changes the point of the wave’s cycle so applications in future laser devices.”
optical vortices. Along the vortices the that it flows around a dark knot. Source: www.telegraph.co.uk
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News Bytes
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The Holography Times
Company Profile
Holostik is the leading Security documents to be securitized, method Holostik offers a third option which
Hologram manufacturer in India, of application and resources available. combines benefits of tamper evident
since 1991, and one of the largest Thus, Holostik offers security holograms transparent security holography with
manufactures in the world with over in transparent laminated holographic pouch,
5000 customers in Government, offering high security with flexibility of
Public and Private sectors. Holostik (i) Pressure sensitive form use. Customer needs to print data on to
has all facilities under one roof (ii) Hot Stamping Foil form the document type, paste photographs etc
under high security environment. We (iii)Transparent Holography form and & then place document in the pouch and
supply holographic security solutions (iv) Laminate form, as per customer pass it through a pouch laminator. The
to various prestigious government requirements. end product protected by the laminated
bodies, for identity document pouch, it has see-through holographic
protection. The most common form is to apply features through out the fascia, is tamper
Security Hologram on to the existing evident, visually appealing and easy to
• Holostik has two types of identity document. This hologram can authenticate, making it is easy to protect,
Master Origination machines- be affixed on the document separately or securitize and authenticate identity
Conventional 2D/3D machine and in a manner so that it partially covers the documents.
1,00,000 DPI Dot Matrix master photograph of the bearer. As it is ‘tamper
origination machine, which offers evident’ in nature, any attempt to remove Holostik provides tailor made solutions
ability to produce combination it will result in its destruction. At Holostik for the I.D. Cards depending on the
masters with added security. we offer, both Pressure sensitive customer’s requirement i.e. security
holograms that are affixed manually and solutions, semi high security solutions
• Our R&D (master lab) team has automatically and Hot Stamping Foil and high security solutions. But, we
developed certain high security based holograms that are affixed using always incorporate certain security
features (both overt and covert), a Hot Stamping machine, in standard and features in all of the above three
which are very difficult for other customised shapes. Pressure sensitive categories so that it becomes extremely
holographers to develop. security hologram can be of Transparent/ difficult for counterfeiters to copy.
Semi-Transparent type.
• Holostik has an in-house printing Today, many of the important and
facility, which offers up to 8 Another method is to use pre-printed sensitive documents worldwide are
colour UV printing options on identity document having holographic protected using our tailor made
paper and 10 colour printing strip running through. In this method, security products. What ever be the
options on film, providing latest Holostik prints the required identity customers’ need, Holostik can provide
high security features in printing document and applies a strip of security the right solution because of its rigorous
available in the world. hologram as per design. This method R&D and wide exposure, experience
does not require hologram handling in holography and allied products. Just
• Our product range includes at the end user, rather only printing of allow us to become your ‘Security
regular security holograms, paper the individual card details. The use of Partner’ to help you in securing your
products incorporating security a security strip offers a larger area and products and we assure of your complete
features, polyester / PVC / other is also visually appealing. In the two satisfaction.
plastics based film products and/ forms of application discussed above,
or a combination product of one the final document can be used as is For further information
or more of the above substrates basis or can be further laminated contact at holostik@vsnl.com or
with holographic security. within a pouch. The use of pouch adds Visit : www.holostik.com
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The Holography Times
Do You Know?
Fake currency was seized In INR, the ISO code for the Indian
amounting to Rs. 5.57 crore in Rupee, the first two letters stand
2002, Rs. 6.81 crore in 2004 and for the country name & the third
Rs. 8 crore in 2007; the amount the currency, like IN for India & R
touched nearly Rs. 15 crore in =Rupee.
2009.
Each Indian bank note carries its
Five states, including Uttar amount written in 17 languages
The first note issued by Reserve Bank of India
Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, (English & Hindi on the front
India was one of the earliest issuers Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka and 15 others on
of coins (circa 6th century BC).The have so far reported the maximum back). There are 17
first “rupee” is believed to have seizure of fake notes. languages on any
been introduced by Sher Shah Suri note given by RBI.15
(1486–1545), based on a ratio of 40 The government has decided to set 0n the left corner of
copper pieces (paisa) per rupee. up five “special cells” to check the the backside of the
circulation of fake Indian currency note and the other
Among the earliest issues of notes to be controlled by the CBI. languages is English
paper rupees were those by the These centres will be set up in and Hindi on the front
Bank of Hindustan (1770–1832), Chandigarh, Kokata, Guwahati, of the note.
the General Bank of Bengal and Lucknow and Delhi.
Bihar (1773–75, established by The origin of the word Rupee is
Warren Hastings) and the Bengal Currently India imports its entire from the Sanskrit word for Silver,
Bank(1784–91), amongst others. requirement of currency paper which is Rupyakam when it was
for Rs. 100, Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 minted into a coin. The word later
Government of India issued notes from 6 companies in the became Rupya, Rupaiya or Roopa
currency notes till the formation of United Kingdom, the Netherlands, in some parts of country. When the
RBI on 1st April 1935. Germany, Italy and France. Britishers took authority of India,
they unified all these pronunciations
The fist Governor, Sir Osborne Now, a joint venture paper mill is in to a single word, Rupee which
Smith did not sign any bank notes; being established between Security we use today. In Indonesia, the unit
they were signed by Sir James Printing and Minting Corporation of currency is still Rupiya closest
Taylor -the Second Governor. of India and Bharatiya Reserve to its Sanskrit ancestor.
Bank Note Mudran, for indigenous
production of security paper for The Security Thread was introduced
currency notes. for the 1st time in India after the
1940’s war, when the Japanese
Kores India is set to introduce tried to destabilize Indian currency
a unique counterfeit currency with Re 10 forged notes.
detector that has the capability to
scan 1,200 notes per minute and Such threads with holography are
reject fake notes, called Kores called holographic security threads
Sir James Taylor Fusion. used for protecting financial
documents like Currency, bank
In 1987, 2000 and 1000 In Bihar, the state Criminal Agreement as well as ID documents
denomination notes were Investigation Department (CID) like Passport and Identity card.
introduced. in association with Reserve Bank
of India (RBI), has produced a
RBI introduced a new “Mahatma short documentary that explains Holographic
Gandhi Series’ in 1996, after the the differences between fake and Security
advancement of reprographic genuine notes. Thread
techniques.
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The Holography Times
Interview
The security thread has proved itself to be a reliable security feature for currency notes. Nowadays, however,
foil-based elements utilizing new technologies are also of considerable importance. Mario R. Keller, Product
Manager for High-Security Foils at Louisenthal Paper Mill, a wholly owned subsidiary of Giesecke & Devrient,
explains the latest trends in foil design and manufacturing.
Mario R. Keller
The Holography Times: Mr. Keller, what This causes the light of the copier to then, that was sufficient. Nowadays, even
advantages do security foils offer as opposed to overexpose the surface, making that part commercial holographic foils make use
other widely used features? of the copy appear black. Roughly 10 of geometric patterns. For that reason,
years ago, the first holographic stripes we have begun designing holograms
Keller: Foil is a material that can were introduced as an additional foil- with easily recognizable motifs, for
be worked with using much more based security feature. In this case, the example, a portrait of a famous person
sophisticated technologies than paper. foil merely serves as a substrate for like Germany’s Johann Wolfgang von
Banknote paper has a coarse surface; processing the transparent varnish and Goethe. The best approach is to integrate
foil, on the other hand, is very smooth. applying it to the surface of the banknote. the portrait into the banknote by means
That allows you to achieve completely Afterwards, the foil itself is removed. of various technologies: in the paper as
different effects, holograms for example. The film of varnish can be embossed a watermark, during printing as an offset
That characteristic also enables you to with holographic structures as well as or intaglio element, and as a true color
apply multiple machine-readable layers, given other optically variable effects. hologram on the holographic stripe.
each with a different function, such as That means the various technologies
electrical or magnetic properties. are cross-integrated into the banknote’s
The Holography Times: Holographic foils are design, and people on the street are able
being used more and more for commercial to compare the different manifestations
The Holography Times: How long have foil-based applications. To what extent is this development of the portrait without the aid of
elements been around? affecting production of banknote security foils? special instruments, thereby reassuring
themselves that the note they are holding
Keller: Security threads have been used Keller: That trend has given us is genuine.
in banknotes for many years now. In significant impetus. Since the first
the beginning, the threads were made of security foils appeared on banknote
polyester. Fifteen years ago, however, paper, Louisenthal has endeavored to The Holography Times: What other developments
when color copiers and scanners became use its manufacturing process to clearly are characteristic of the production process?
mass market products, security threads distinguish itself from the commercially
and foils took on a greater significance. If manufactured foil-based features. Take Keller: We generate effects that are
you vacuum coat the foil with aluminum, holograms for example. Initial designs atypical for the commercial sector. For
the surface becomes highly reflective. were simple geometric patterns. Back example, we create dynamic effects
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The Holography Times
Interview
that show objects in motion. Taiwan is advantage is that the complexity of the metal, chromium or copper, for example.
a case in point. In Taiwan, baseball is applied stripe increases enormously, The varying colors of each metal produce
the national pastime. That’s why one which in turn, heightens resistance to different visual effects, which can be
of their currency denominations shows counterfeiting. easily recognized by average people.
a baseball bat hitting a ball. Another Producing these kinds of security foils is
method is to create 2-D or 3-D effects very complicated, however.
in which certain parts of the holographic The Holography Times: Security foils thus make
image appear deep inside the note or it possible for people to distinguish a counterfeit
virtually leap out of it. banknote from the genuine article? The Holography Times: Which member of the
G&D group of companies is responsible for
Keller: Yes. A security expert in Asia manufacturing security foils?
The Holography Times: You mean security once told me even a street kitchen
foil trends have a significant effect on the cook needs to be able to tell whether a Keller: Louisenthal Paper Mill, a
origination process? banknote is genuine. This is where foil- wholly-owned subsidiary of Giesecke
based security features are especially & Devrient. We have two plants, and
Keller: Among other things. Origination come in. Allow me to cite two examples. our main focus is on banknote paper
refers to the process of transferring the First, Louisenthal developed a new production. In 2003, we constructed an
design to a device such as an electron type of banknote with a security feature additional facility for processing security
beam imager or an isolation table. In consisting of a window covered by films.
2002 and 2003, Louisenthal invested special transparent foil. The foil can
a considerable amount in its own be used to place easily recognizable
origination hardware and software. elements for authentication inside the The Holography Times: Just how cost-effective
We have the ability to use our very window. When the note is viewed against are security foils?
specialized technologies to design and a light background, a number indicating
produce security features that cannot be its denomination can be seen. Placing the Keller: Since production at Louisenthal
easily imitated. banknote on a dark surface causes the is carried out via a security partnership,
number to disappear, revealing a series we have very short transport routes.
of stripes in the window. That keeps costs down and guarantees a
The Holography Times: To what extent have high degree of security, since we don’t
innovations have been made in other foil-based have to transport the films ourselves.
technologies? If you find a fake note in This provides us with an advantage in
quality because we know the best way
Keller: In the past, we had holographic your possession, and cannot to integrate paper and foil, for example,
stripes with continuous motifs that where selecting the right adhesive for
stretched across an entire sheet of establish the source, you can the substrate is concerned. All the know-
banknotes. Today, we attempt to apply how surrounding these technologies is
motifs that match the height of the note, only forgo your money. The found here in house. That enables us to
especially when depicting portraits. The produce the best possible foils in terms of
finished product, however, should not
best thing is to be vigilant. security, quality, and cost-effectiveness.
have part of the head cut off. Moreover,
there is a trend towards combining Second, at present, the most commonly
more than one optically variable used material for vacuum coating Published with permission of G&D,
for more information contact
element on security foils. A hologram holographic stripes is a metal, generally Pressesprecherin / Press Officer, Corporate
with color shifting and/or microlens aluminum. We are working on the Communications
arrays is one example. A shift in color assumption that over the medium term, Giesecke & Devrient GmbH,
Prinzregentenstr. 159, 81677 Munich /
becomes apparent when the banknote is so-called bimetallic stripes will become
Germany
viewed from two different angles. That the norm. That is to say, we produce a
enables you to see two different colors, number of image and hologram features daniela.gaigl@gi-de.com or
for example, green and magenta. The in aluminum and others using a different visit http://www.gi-de.com
www.homai.org 9
The Holography Times
Cover Story
Holography
THE ULTIMATE TECHNOLOGY
I nvented in 1947, this Gabor technology has been continually evolving since the past 60 years, its strength being- Innovation.
In 1988, Austria produced the 5000 schilling banknote (Mozart) using foil hologram application to a paper banknote. Again
in 1989, when GLAXO first used tamper-evident holograms to seal packs of Zantac, holography proved itself as the best overt
security technology for authentication. This journey has been on its road to success with drastic developments in holography.
Scientists now have taken their own view at holograms for a slew of new uses-from images on credit cards and CD-ROMs to
thwart counterfeiters, to medical image scans that recreate images of the human brain. There is a common misconception in
peoples mind that hologram / holography is a product. Holography is the name of scientific stream and not a product. The article
reviews the diversified applications of this technology responsible for emerging breakthroughs of the 21st century.
10 www.homai.org
The Holography Times
Cover Story
In holographic data storage, an entire “page” of information is much interference, or lacked the servo data entirely, making
stored at once as an optical interference pattern within a thick, them incompatible with current CD and DVD drive technology.
photosensitive optical material. It has several advantages- It is These discs have the capacity to hold up to 6 terabytes (TB) of
able to break through the density limits of conventional storage information. The HVD also has a transfer rate of 1Gbit/s (125
since it goes beyond recording only on the surface, to recording MB/s). Sony, Philips, TDK, Panasonic and Optware all plan to
through the full depth of the medium. Also it achieves higher release 1 TB capacity discs in 2019—although HVD standards
data transfer rates than current optical storage devices since other were approved and published on June 28, 2007, no company has
technologies record one data bit at a time, whereas holography released an HVD as of January 17, 2010.
allows 1 million bits of data to be written and read out in single
flashes of light. ii) Holographic Versatile Card (HVC) (Figure 3)
Figure 2 : HVD work structure - Supermarket and department store scanners use a holographic
lens system that directs laser light onto the bar codes of the
The Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) is an optical disc merchandise.
technology. It employs a technique known as collinear
holography, whereby two green laser beams are collimated - Holographic optical elements (HOE’s) are used for navigation
in a single beam. The green laser reads data encoded as laser by airplane pilots. A holographic image of the cockpit
interference fringes from a holographic layer near the top of the instruments appears to float in front of the windshield. This
disc. A Blue laser is used as the reference beam to read servo
information from a regular CD-style aluminum layer near the
bottom. Servo-information is used to monitor the position of the
read head over the disc, similar to the head, track, and sector
information on a conventional hard disk drive. On a CD or DVD
this servo-information is interspersed amongst the data.
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The Holography Times
Cover Story
allows the pilot to keep his eyes on the runway or the sky E) Energy Systems
while reading the instruments. This feature is available on
some models of automobiles.
F) Electron Holography
Electron holography is the application of holography techniques
to electron waves rather than light waves. It is commonly used to
study electric and magnetic fields in thin films, as magnetic and
electric fields can shift the phase of the interfering wave passing
through the sample. Electron holography can be used to measure
and observe a wide variety of electro-magnetic phenomena such
as the magnetic fields in superconductors or recording media,
the electric fields in pn junctions, specimen thickness, mean
inner potentials of materials, dislocations, strain fields, electron
microscope lens aberrations and much more.
12 www.homai.org
The Holography Times
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The Holography Times
Review
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The Holography Times
Industry Updates
Abstract:
An illumination device includes a
Abstract: holographic film 89 and a light source
(EN) A method for forming a hologram to 93, such as a point light source. The point
record an original image as an interference light source 93 is positioned at an edge
pattern on a predetermined recording of the holographic film and has a light
surface by calculation carried out by a emitting face that faces the edge of the
holographic film 89. The holographic Editorial Board
computer comprises a step of defining Neha Gupta, Editor in Chief
an original image comprised of a three- film 89 includes a hologram formed of
C S Jeena, Editor
dimensional image, a hologram recording diffractive refractive index structures. The
surface to record the original image, and density of the diffractive refractive index
The Holography Times is published by
reference light to be irradiated to the structur-es increases with increasing
distance from the light source 93. Light HOLOGRAM MANUFACTURERS
hologram recording surface; a step of ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (HoMAI)
defining a plurality of calculation points is propagated from the light source 93
on the hologram recording surface and through the holographic film 89, such as
21-Ground Floor, Devika Tower 6, Nehru Place,
calculates the strength of an interference by total internal reflection. The diffractive
New Delhi - 110019, INDIA
wave formed by object light emitted refractive index structures turn the light,
from each object and the reference light thereby causing the light to propagate out Telefax: +91-11-4161 7369,
with respect of each of the calculation of the holographic film 89 in a desired Email: cjhomai@gmail.com
points; and a step of forming a physical direction. In some embodiments, the Web: www.homai.org
interference pattern on a medium in light propagating out of the holographic
film 89 has a high uniformity across the Designed and Printed by
accordance with the strength distribution
surface of the holographic film 89. EYEDEA Advertising
of the interference wave obtained on the E-439/9, SDV, Charmwood Village,
recording surface in the calculation step, Faridabad, Haryana (INDIA)
thereby making the shortest portion of E-mail: eyedeaadvertising@gmail.com
the three-dimensional image arranged in on behalf of HoMAI
the vicinity of the hologram recording Disclaimer: The data used here are from various
surface in defining the original image. published and electronically available primary and
secondary sources. Despite due diligence the source
data may contain occasional errors. In such instances,
HoMAI would not be responsible for such errors.
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Industry Updates
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