CFR 2009 Title47 Vol5 Part97

Pt. 97 47 CFR Ch.
I (10–1–09 Edition)
(b) Except as provided in paragraph associated with RSUs are governed by

(c) of this section, non-reserve DSRCS paragraph (b) of this section.
channels are available on a shared [71 FR 52750, Sept. 7, 2006]
basis only for use in accordance with
the Commission’s rules. All licensees
shall cooperate in the selection and use PART 97—AMATEUR RADIO
of channels in order to reduce inter- SERVICE
ference. This includes monitoring for
communications in progress and any Subpart A—General Provisions
other measures as may be necessary to Sec.
minimize interference. Licensees suf- 97.1 Basis and purpose.
fering or causing harmful interference 97.3 Definitions.
within a communications zone are ex- 97.5 Station license required.
pected to cooperate and resolve this 97.7 Control operation required.
problem by mutually satisfactory ar- 97.9 Operator license grant.
97.11 Stations aboard ships or aircraft.
rangements. If the licensees are unable 97.13 Restrictions on station location.
to do so, the Commission may impose 97.15 Station antenna structures.
restrictions, including specifying the 97.17 Application for new license grant.
transmitter power, antenna height and 97.19 Application for a vanity call sign.
direction, additional filtering, or area 97.21 Application for a modified or renewed
or hours of operation of the stations license grant.
concerned. Further, the use of any 97.23 Mailing address.
97.25 License term.
channel at a given geographical loca-
97.27 FCC modification of station license
tion may be denied when, in the judg- grant.
ment of the Commission, its use at 97.29 Replacement license grant document.
that location is not in the public inter-
est; the use of any channel may be re- Subpart B—Station Operation Standards
stricted as to specified geographical
97.101 General standards.
areas, maximum power, or such other 97.103 Station licensee responsibilities.
operating conditions, contained in this 97.105 Control operator duties.
part or in the station authorization. 97.107 Reciprocal operating authority.
(c) Safety/public safety priority. The 97.109 Station control.
following access priority governs all 97.111 Authorized transmissions.
DSRCS operations: 97.113 Prohibited transmissions.
(1) Communications involving the 97.115 Third party communications.
97.117 International communications.
safety of life have access priority over
97.119 Station identification.
all other DSRCS communications; 97.121 Restricted operation.
(2) Subject to a control channel pri-
ority system management strategy Subpart C—Special Operations
(see ASTM E2213–03 DSRC Standard at
§ 4.1.1.2(4)), DSRCS communications in- 97.201 Auxiliary station.
97.203 Beacon station.
volving public safety have access pri- 97.205 Repeater station.
ority over all other DSRC communica- 97.207 Space station.
tions not listed in paragraph (c)(1) of 97.209 Earth station.
this section. On-Board Units (OBUs) 97.211 Space telecommand station.
operated by state or local govern- 97.213 Telecommand of an amateur station.
mental entities are presumptively en- 97.215 Telecommand of model craft.
gaged in public safety priority commu- 97.217 Telemetry.
97.219 Message forwarding system.
nications.
97.221 Automatically controlled digital sta-
(d) Non-priority communications. tion.
DSRCS communications not listed in
paragraph (c) of this section, are non- Subpart D—Technical Standards
priority communications. If a dispute
arises concerning non-priority DSRCS– 97.301 Authorized frequency bands.
97.303 Frequency sharing requirements.
OBU communications with Roadside
97.305 Authorized emission types.
Units (RSUs), the provisions of 97.307 Emission standards
rmajette on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with CFR
§ 90.377(e) and (f) of this chapter will 97.309 RTTY and data emission codes.
apply. Disputes concerning non-pri- 97.311 SS emission types.
ority DSRCS–OBU communications not 97.313 Transmitter power standards.
586
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Federal Communications Commission § 97.3
97.315 Certification of external RF power which provide for advancing skills in
amplifiers. both the communication and technical
97.317 Standards for certification of exter- phases of the art.
nal RF power amplifiers.
(d) Expansion of the existing res-
Subpart E—Providing Emergency ervoir within the amateur radio service
Communications of trained operators, technicians, and
electronics experts.
97.401 Operation during a disaster. (e) Continuation and extension of the
97.403 Safety of life and protection of prop-
erty.
amateur’s unique ability to enhance
97.405 Station in distress. international goodwill.
97.407 Radio amateur civil emergency serv-
ice. § 97.3 Definitions.
(a) The definitions of terms used in
Subpart F—Qualifying Examination Systems
part 97 are:
97.501 Qualifying for an amateur operator (1) Amateur operator. A person named
license. in an amateur operator/primary license
97.503 Element standards. station grant on the ULS consolidated
97.505 Element credit.
97.507 Preparing an examination.
licensee database to be the control op-
97.509 Administering VE requirements. erator of an amateur station.
97.511 Examinee conduct. (2) Amateur radio services. The ama-
97.513 VE session manager requirements. teur service, the amateur-satellite
97.515–97.517 [Reserved] service and the radio amateur civil
97.519 Coordinating examination sessions. emergency service.
97.521 VEC qualifications.
97.523 Question pools. (4) Amateur service. A
97.525 Accrediting VEs. radiocommunication service for the
97.527 Reimbursement for expenses. purpose of self-training, intercommuni-
APPENDIX 1 TO PART 97—PLACES WHERE THE cation and technical investigations
AMATEUR SERVICE IS REGULATED BY THE carried out by amateurs, that is, duly
FCC authorized persons interested in radio
APPENDIX 2 TO PART 97—VEC REGIONS technique solely with a personal aim
AUTHORITY: 48 Stat. 1066, 1082, as amended; and without pecuniary interest.
47 U.S.C. 154, 303. Interpret or apply 48 Stat. (5) Amateur station. A station in an
1064–1068, 1081–1105, as amended; 47 U.S.C. amateur radio service consisting of the
151–155, 301–609, unless otherwise noted. apparatus necessary for carrying on
SOURCE: 54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, unless radiocommunications.
otherwise noted. (6) Automatic control. The use of de-
EDITORIAL NOTE: Nomenclature changes to vices and procedures for control of a
part 97 appear at 63 FR 54077, Oct. 8, 1998. station when it is transmitting so that
compliance with the FCC Rules is
Subpart A—General Provisions achieved without the control operator
being present at a control point.
§ 97.1 Basis and purpose. (7) Auxiliary station. An amateur sta-
The rules and regulations in this part tion, other than in a message for-
are designed to provide an amateur warding system, that is transmitting
radio service having a fundamental communications point-to-point within
purpose as expressed in the following a system of cooperating amateur sta-
principles: tions.
(a) Recognition and enhancement of (8) Bandwidth. The width of a fre-
the value of the amateur service to the quency band outside of which the mean
public as a voluntary noncommercial power of the transmitted signal is at-
communication service, particularly tenuated at least 26 dB below the mean
with respect to providing emergency power of the transmitted signal within
communications. the band.
(b) Continuation and extension of the (9) Beacon. An amateur station trans-
amateur’s proven ability to contribute mitting communications for the pur-
to the advancement of the radio art. poses of observation of propagation and

(c) Encouragement and improvement reception or other related experi-
of the amateur service through rules mental activities.
587
§ 97.3 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(10) Broadcasting. Transmissions in- (16) Earth station. An amateur station

tended for reception by the general located on, or within 50 km of, the
public, either direct or relayed. Earth’s surface intended for commu-
(11) Call sign system. The method used nications with space stations or with
to select a call sign for amateur sta- other Earth stations by means of one
tion over-the-air identification pur- or more other objects in space.
poses. The call sign systems are: (17) [Reserved]
(i) Sequential call sign system. The call (18) External RF power amplifier. A de-
sign is selected by the FCC from an al- vice capable of increasing power output
phabetized list corresponding to the ge- when used in conjunction with, but not
ographic region of the licensee’s mail- an integral part of, a transmitter.
ing address and operator class. The call (19) [Reserved]
sign is shown on the license. The FCC (20) FAA. Federal Aviation Adminis-
will issue public announcements detail- tration.
ing the procedures of the sequential (21) FCC. Federal Communications
call sign system. Commission.
(ii) Vanity call sign system. The call (22) Frequency coordinator. An entity,
sign is selected by the FCC from a list recognized in a local or regional area
of call signs requested by the licensee. by amateur operators whose stations
are eligible to be auxiliary or repeater
The call sign is shown on the license.
stations, that recommends transmit/re-
The FCC will issue public announce-
ceive channels and associated oper-
ments detailing the procedures of the
ating and technical parameters for
vanity call sign system.
such stations in order to avoid or mini-
(iii) Special event call sign system. The mize potential interference.
call sign is selected by the station li- (23) Harmful interference. Interference
censee from a list of call signs shown which endangers the functioning of a
on a common data base coordinated, radionavigation service or of other
maintained and disseminated by the safety services or seriously degrades,
amateur station special event call sign obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a
data base coordinators. The call sign radiocommunication service operating
must have the single letter prefix K, N in accordance with the Radio Regula-
or W, followed by a single numeral 0 tions.
through 9, followed by a single letter A (24) IARP (International Amateur
through W or Y or Z (for example K1A). Radio Permit). A document issued pur-
The special event call sign is sub- suant to the terms of the Inter-Amer-
stituted for the call sign shown on the ican Convention on an International
station license grant while the station Amateur Radio Permit by a country
is transmitting. The FCC will issue signatory to that Convention, other
public announcements detailing the than the United States. Montrouis,
procedures of the special event call Haiti. AG/doc.3216/95.
sign system. (25) Indicator. Words, letters or nu-
(12) CEPT radio amateur license. A li- merals appended to and separated from
cense issued by a country belonging to the call sign during the station identi-
the European Conference of Postal and fication.
Telecommunications Administrations (26) Information bulletin. A message
(CEPT) that has adopted Recommenda- directed only to amateur operators
tion T/R 61–01 (Nice 1985, Paris 1992, consisting solely of subject matter of
Nicosia 2003). direct interest to the amateur service.
(13) Control operator. An amateur op- (27) International Morse code. A dot-
erator designated by the licensee of a dash code as defined in ITU–T Rec-
station to be responsible for the trans- ommendation F.1 (March, 1998), Divi-
missions from that station to assure sion B, I. Morse code.
compliance with the FCC Rules. (28) ITU. International Telecommuni-
(14) Control point. The location at cation Union.
which the control operator function is (29) Line A. Begins at Aberdeen, WA,
performed. running by great circle arc to the

(15) CSCE. Certificate of successful intersection of 48° N, 120° W, thence
completion of an examination. along parallel 48° N, to the intersection
588
of 95° W, thence by great circle arc (39) Repeater. An amateur station

through the southernmost point of Du- that simultaneously retransmits the
luth, MN, thence by great circle arc to transmission of another amateur sta-
45° N, 85° W, thence southward along tion on a different channel or channels.
meridian 85° W, to its intersection with (40) Space station. An amateur station
parallel 41° N, thence along parallel 41° located more than 50 km above the
N, to its intersection with meridian 82° Earth’s surface.
W, thence by great circle arc through (41) Space telemetry. A one-way trans-
the southernmost point of Bangor, ME, mission from a space station of meas-
thence by great circle arc through the urements made from the measuring in-
southernmost point of Searsport, ME, struments in a spacecraft, including
at which point it terminates. those relating to the functioning of the
(30) Local control. The use of a control spacecraft.
operator who directly manipulates the (42) Spurious emission. An emission, or
operating adjustments in the station to frequencies outside the necessary band-
achieve compliance with the FCC width of a transmission, the level of
Rules. which may be reduced without affect-
(31) Message forwarding system. A ing the information being transmitted.
group of amateur stations partici- (43) Telecommand. A one-way trans-
pating in a voluntary, cooperative, mission to initiate, modify, or termi-
interactive arrangement where com- nate functions of a device at a dis-
munications are sent from the control tance.
operator of an originating station to (44) Telecommand station. An amateur
the control operator of one or more station that transmits communica-
destination stations by one or more tions to initiate, modify or terminate
forwarding stations. functions of a space station.
(45) Telemetry. A one-way trans-
(32) National Radio Quiet Zone. The
mission of measurements at a distance
area in Maryland, Virginia and West
from the measuring instrument.
Virginia Bounded by 39°15′ N on the
(46) Third party communications. A
north, 78°30′ W on the east, 37°30′ N on
message from the control operator
the south and 80°30′ W on the west.
(first party) of an amateur station to
(33) Physician. For the purpose of this
another amateur station control oper-
part, a person who is licensed to prac-
ator (second party) on behalf of an-
tice in a place where the amateur serv-
other person (third party).
ice is regulated by the FCC, as either a
(47) ULS (Universal Licensing System).
Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or a Doctor
The consolidated database, application
of Osteophathy (D.O.) filing system and processing system for
(34) Question pool. All current exam- all Wireless Telecommunications Serv-
ination questions for a designated writ- ices.
ten examination element. (48) VE. Volunteer examiner.
(35) Question set. A series of examina- (49) VEC. Volunteer-examiner coordi-
tion questions on a given examination nator.
selected from the question pool. (b) The definitions of technical sym-
(36) Radio Regulations. The latest ITU bols used in this part are:
Radio Regulations to which the United (1) EHF (extremely high frequency).
States is a party. The frequency range 30–300 GHz.
(37) RACES (radio amateur civil (2) HF (high frequency). The fre-
emergency service). A radio service quency range 3–30 MHz.
using amateur stations for civil defense (3) Hz. Hertz.
communications during periods of (4) m. Meters.
local, regional or national civil emer- (5) MF (medium frequency). The fre-
gencies. quency range 300–3000 kHz.
(38) Remote control. The use of a con- (6) PEP (peak envelope power). The
trol operator who indirectly manipu- average power supplied to the antenna
lates the operating adjustments in the transmission line by a transmitter dur-
station through a control link to ing one RF cycle at the crest of the
achieve compliance with the FCC modulation envelope taken under nor-
Rules. mal operating conditions.
589
§ 97.5 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(7) RF. Radio frequency. tive calling or alerting or to control

(8) SHF (super-high frequency). The the level of a demodulated signal may
frequency range 3–30 GHz. also be considered phone.
(9) UHF (ultra-high frequency). The (6) Pulse. Emissions having designa-
frequency range 300–3000 MHz. tors with K, L, M, P, Q, V or W as the
(10) VHF (very-high frequency). The first symbol; 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 or X as the
frequency range 30–300 MHz. second symbol; A, B, C, D, E, F, N, W
(11) W. Watts. or X as the third symbol.
(c) The following terms are used in (7) RTTY. Narrow-band direct-print-
this part to indicate emission types. ing telegraphy emissions having des-
Refer to § 2.201 of the FCC Rules, Emis- ignators with A, C, D, F, G, H, J or R
sion, modulation and transmission char- as the first symbol; 1 as the second
acteristics, for information on emission symbol; B as the third symbol; and
type designators. emission J2B. Only a digital code of a
(1) CW. International Morse code te- type specifically authorized in this
legraphy emissions having designators part may be transmitted.
with A, C, H, J or R as the first symbol; (8) SS. Spread spectrum emissions
1 as the second symbol; A or B as the using bandwidth-expansion modulation
third symbol; and emissions J2A and emissions having designators with A,
J2B. C, D, F, G, H, J or R as the first sym-
(2) Data. Telemetry, telecommand bol; X as the second symbol; X as the
and computer communications emis- third symbol.
sions having (i) designators with A, C, (9) Test. Emissions containing no in-
D, F, G, H, J or R as the first symbol, formation having the designators with
1 as the second symbol, and D as the N as the third symbol. Test does not
third symbol; (ii) emission J2D; and include pulse emissions with no infor-
(iii) emissions A1C, F1C, F2C, J2C, and mation or modulation unless pulse
J3C having an occupied bandwidth of emissions are also authorized in the
500 Hz or less when transmitted on an frequency band.
amateur service frequency below 30 [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989]
MHz. Only a digital code of a type spe-
EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci-
cifically authorized in this part may be tations affecting § 97.3, see the List of CFR
transmitted. Sections Affected, which appears in the
(3) Image. Facsimile and television Finding Aids section of the printed volume
emissions having designators with A, and on GPO Access.
C, D, F, G, H, J or R as the first sym-
bol; 1, 2 or 3 as the second symbol; C or § 97.5 Station license required.
F as the third symbol; and emissions (a) The station apparatus must be
having B as the first symbol; 7, 8 or 9 under the physical control of a person
as the second symbol; W as the third named in an amateur station license
symbol. grant on the ULS consolidated license
(4) MCW. Tone-modulated inter- database or a person authorized for
national Morse code telegraphy emis- alien reciprocal operation by § 97.107 of
sions having designators with A, C, D, this part, before the station may trans-
F, G, H or R as the first symbol; 2 as mit on any amateur service frequency
the second symbol; A or B as the third from any place that is:
symbol. (1) Within 50 km of the Earth’s sur-
(5) Phone. Speech and other sound face and at a place where the amateur
emissions having designators with A, service is regulated by the FCC;
C, D, F, G, H, J or R as the first sym- (2) Within 50 km of the Earth’s sur-
bol; 1, 2 or 3 as the second symbol; E as face and aboard any vessel or craft that
the third symbol. Also speech emis- is documented or registered in the
sions having B as the first symbol; 7, 8 United States; or
or 9 as the second symbol; E as the (3) More than 50 km above the
third symbol. MCW for the purpose of Earth’s surface aboard any craft that is
performing the station identification documented or registered in the United
procedure, or for providing telegraphy States.

practice interspersed with speech. Inci- (b) The types of station license
dental tones for the purpose of selec- grants are:
590
(1) An operator/primary station li- (d) A CEPT radio-amateur license is

cense grant. One, but only one, oper- issued to the person by the country of
ator/primary station license grant may which the person is a citizen. The per-
be held by any one person. The primary son must not:
station license is granted together with (1) Be a resident alien or citizen of
the amateur operator license. Except the United States, regardless of any
for a representative of a foreign gov- other citizenship also held;
ernment, any person who qualifies by (2) Hold an FCC-issued amateur oper-
examination is eligible to apply for an ator license nor reciprocal permit for
operator/primary station license grant. alien amateur licensee;
(2) A club station license grant. A (3) Be a prior amateur service li-
club station license grant may be held censee whose FCC-issued license was
only by the person who is the license revoked, suspended for less than the
trustee designated by an officer of the balance of the license term and the sus-
club. The trustee must be a person who pension is still in effect, suspended for
holds an Amateur Extra, Advanced, the balance of the license term and re-
General, Technician Plus, or Techni- licensing has not taken place, or sur-
cian operator license grant. The club rendered for cancellation following no-
must be composed of at least four per- tice of revocation, suspension or mone-
tary forfeiture proceedings; or
sons and must have a name, a docu-
(4) Be the subject of a cease and de-
ment of organization, management,
sist order that relates to amateur serv-
and a primary purpose devoted to ama-
ice operation and which is still in ef-
teur service activities consistent with
fect.
this part.
(e) An IARP is issued to the person
(3) A military recreation station li- by the country of which the person is a
cense grant. A military recreation sta- citizen. The person must not:
tion license grant may be held only by (1) Be a resident alien or citizen of
the person who is the license custodian the United States, regardless of any
designated by the official in charge of other citizenship also held;
the United States military recreational (2) Hold an FCC-issued amateur oper-
premises where the station is situated. ator license nor reciprocal permit for
The person must not be a representa- alien amateur licensee;
tive of a foreign government. The per- (3) Be a prior amateur service li-
son need not hold an amateur operator censee whose FCC-issued license was
license grant. revoked, suspended for less than the
(4) A RACES station license grant. A balance of the license term and the sus-
RACES station license grant may be pension is still in effect, suspended for
held only by the person who is the li- the balance of the license term and re-
cense custodian designated by the offi- licensing has not taken place, or sur-
cial responsible for the governmental rendered for cancellation following no-
agency served by that civil defense or- tice of revocation, suspension or mone-
ganization. The custodian must be the tary forfeiture proceedings; or
civil defense official responsible for co- (4) Be the subject of a cease and de-
ordination of all civil defense activities sist order that relates to amateur serv-
in the area concerned. The custodian ice operation and which is still in ef-
must not be a representative of a for- fect.
eign government. The custodian need [59 FR 54831, Nov. 2, 1994, as amended at 62
not hold an amateur operator license FR 17567, Apr. 10, 1997; 63 FR 68977, Dec. 14,
grant. 1998]
(c) The person named in the station
license grant or who is authorized for § 97.7 Control operation required.
alien reciprocal operation by § 97.107 of When transmitting, each amateur
this part may use, in accordance with station must have a control operator.
the applicable rules of this part, the The control operator must be a person:
transmitting apparatus under the (a) For whom an amateur operator/
physical control of the person at places primary station license grant appears
where the amateur service is regulated on the ULS consolidated licensee data-
by the FCC. base, or
591
§ 97.9 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(b) Who is authorized for alien recip- ment Flight Rules, as defined by the
rocal operation by § 97.107 of this part. FAA, unless the station has been found
to comply with all applicable FAA
[63 FR 68978, Dec. 14, 1998]
Rules.
§ 97.9 Operator license grant.
§ 97.13 Restrictions on station loca-
(a) The classes of amateur operator tion.
license grants are: Novice, Technician, (a) Before placing an amateur station
Technician Plus (until such licenses on land of environmental importance
expire, a Technical Class license grant- or that is significant in American his-
ed before February 14, 1991, is consid- tory, architecture or culture, the li-
ered a Technician Plus Class license), censee may be required to take certain
General, Advanced, and Amateur actions prescribed by §§ 1.1305–1.1319 of
Extra. The person named in the oper- this chapter.
ator license grant is authorized to be (b) A station within 1600 m (1 mile) of
the control operator of an amateur sta- an FCC monitoring facility must pro-
tion with the privileges authorized to tect that facility from harmful inter-
the operator class specified on the li- ference. Failure to do so could result in
cense grant. imposition of operating restrictions
(b) The person named in an operator upon the amateur station by a District
license grant of Novice, Technician, Director pursuant to § 97.121 of this
Technician Plus, General or Advanced part. Geographical coordinates of the
Class, who has properly submitted to facilities that require protection are
the administering VEs a FCC Form 605 listed in § 0.121(c) of this chapter.
document requesting examination for (c) Before causing or allowing an
an operator license grant of a higher amateur station to transmit from any
class, and who holds a CSCE indicating place where the operation of the sta-
that the person has completed the nec- tion could cause human exposure to RF
essary examinations within the pre- electromagnetic field levels in excess
vious 365 days, is authorized to exercise of those allowed under § 1.1310 of this
the rights and privileges of the higher chapter, the licensee is required to
operator class until final disposition of take certain actions.
the application or until 365 days fol- (1) The licensee must perform the
lowing the passing of the examination, routine RF environmental evaluation
whichever comes first. prescribed by § 1.1307(b) of this chapter,
[63 FR 68978, Dec. 14, 1998, as amended at 65 if the power of the licensee’s station
FR 6549, Feb. 10, 2000] exceeds the limits given in the fol-
lowing table:
§ 97.11 Stations aboard ships or air-
craft. Evaluation required if power 1
Wavelength band (watts) exceeds
(a) The installation and operation of
MF
an amateur station on a ship or air-
craft must be approved by the master 160 m ..................................... 500
of the ship or pilot in command of the
HF
aircraft.
(b) The station must be separate 80 m ....................................... 500
from and independent of all other radio 75 m ....................................... 500
40 m ....................................... 500
apparatus installed on the ship or air- 30 m ....................................... 425
craft, except a common antenna may 20 m ....................................... 225
be shared with a voluntary ship radio 17 m ....................................... 125
15 m ....................................... 100
installation. The station’s trans- 12 m ....................................... 75
missions must not cause interference 10 m ....................................... 50
to any other apparatus installed on the VHF (all bands) ..................... 50
ship or aircraft. UHF
(c) The station must not constitute a
hazard to the safety of life or property. 70 cm ..................................... 70
33 cm ..................................... 150
For a station aboard an aircraft, the 23 cm ..................................... 200
apparatus shall not be operated while 13 cm ..................................... 250
the aircraft is operating under Instru- SHF (all bands) ..................... 250
592
Wavelength band Evaluation required if power 1 § 97.17 Application for new license
(watts) exceeds
grant.
EHF (all bands) ..................... 250 (a) Any qualified person is eligible to
Repeater stations (all bands) non-building-mounted anten-
nas: height above ground apply for a new operator/primary sta-
level to lowest point of an- tion, club station or military recre-
tenna <10 m and power ation station license grant. No new li-
>500 W ERP building-
mounted antennas: power cense grant will be issued for a Novice,
>500 W ERP Technician Plus, or Advanced Class op-
1 Power = PEP input to antenna except, for repeater sta- erator/primary station or a RACES sta-
tions only, power exclusion is based on ERP (effective radi- tion.
ated power).
(b) Each application for a new ama-
(2) If the routine environmental eval- teur service license grant must be filed
uation indicates that the RF electro- with the FCC as follows:
magnetic fields could exceed the limits (1) Each candidate for an amateur
contained in § 1.1310 of this chapter in radio operator license which requires
accessible areas, the licensee must the applicant to pass one or more ex-
take action to prevent human exposure amination elements must present the
to such RF electromagnetic fields. Fur- administering VEs with all informa-
ther information on evaluating compli- tion required by the rules prior to the
ance with these limits can be found in examination. The VEs may collect all
the FCC’s OET Bulletin Number 65, necessary information in any manner
‘‘Evaluating Compliance with FCC of their choosing, including creating
Guidelines for Human Exposure to Ra- their own forms.
diofrequency Electromagnetic Fields.’’ (2) For a new club or military recre-
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 55
ation station license grant, each appli-
FR 20398, May 16, 1990; 61 FR 41019, Aug. 7, cant must present all information re-
1996; 62 FR 47963, Sept. 12, 1997; 62 FR 49557, quired by the rules to an amateur radio
Sept. 22, 1997; 62 FR 61448, Nov. 18, 1997; 63 FR organization having tax-exempt status
68978, Dec. 14, 1998; 65 FR 6549, Feb. 10, 2000] under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 that provides vol-
§ 97.15 Station antenna structures. untary, uncompensated and unreim-
(a) Owners of certain antenna struc- bursed services in providing club and
tures more than 60.96 meters (200 feet) military recreation station call signs
above ground level at the site or lo- (‘‘Club Station Call Sign Administrator’’)
cated near or at a public use airport who must submit the information to
must notify the Federal Aviation Ad- the FCC in an electronic batch file. The
ministration and register with the Club Station Call Sign Administrator
Commission as required by part 17 of may collect the information required
this chapter. by these rules in any manner of their
(b) Except as otherwise provided choosing, including creating their own
herein, a station antenna structure forms. The Club Station Call Sign Ad-
may be erected at heights and dimen- ministrator must retain the applicants
sions sufficient to accommodate ama- information for at least 15 months and
teur service communications. (State make it available to the FCC upon re-
and local regulation of a station an- quest. The FCC will issue public an-
tenna structure must not preclude nouncements listing the qualified orga-
amateur service communications. nizations that have completed a pilot
Rather, it must reasonably accommo- autogrant batch filing project and are
date such communications and must authorized to serve as a Club Station
constitute the minimum practicable Call Sign Administrator.
regulation to accomplish the state or (c) No person shall obtain or attempt
local authority’s legitimate purpose. to obtain, or assist another person to
See PRB–1, 101 FCC 2d 952 (1985) for de- obtain or attempt to obtain, an ama-
tails.) teur service license grant by fraudulent

means.
[64 FR 53242, Oct. 1, 1999]
593
§ 97.19 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(d) One unique call sign will be shown group of call signs corresponding to the
on the license grant of each new pri- same or lower class of operator license
mary, club and military recreation sta- held by the applicant as designated in
tion. The call sign will be selected by the sequential call sign system.
the sequential call sign system. (1) The applicant must request that
[63 FR 68978, Dec. 14, 1998. as amended at 64
the call sign shown on the license
FR 53242, Oct. 1, 1999; 65 FR 6549, Feb. 10, grant be vacated and provide a list of
2000] up to 25 call signs in order of pref-
erence. In the event that the Commis-
§ 97.19 Application for a vanity call sion receives more than one applica-
sign. tion requesting a vanity call sign from
(a) The person named in an operator/ an applicant on the same receipt day,
primary station license grant or in a the Commission will process only the
club station license grant is eligible to first such application entered into the
make application for modification of Universal Licensing System. Subse-
the license grant, or the renewal there- quent vanity call sign applications
of, to show a call sign selected by the from that applicant with the same re-
vanity call sign system. RACES and ceipt date will not be accepted.
military recreation stations are not el- (2) The first assignable call sign from
igible for a vanity call sign. the applicant’s list will be shown on
(b) Each application for a modifica- the license grant. When none of those
tion of an operator/primary or club sta- call signs are assignable, the call sign
tion license grant, or the renewal vacated by the applicant will be shown
thereof, to show a call sign selected by on the license grant.
the vanity call sign system must be (3) Vanity call signs will be selected
filed in accordance with § 1.913 of this from those call signs assignable at the
chapter. time the application is processed by
(c) Unassigned call signs are avail- the FCC.
able to the vanity call sign system (4) A call sign designated under the
with the following exceptions: sequential call sign system for Alaska,
(1) A call sign shown on an expired li- Hawaii, Caribbean Insular Areas, and
cense grant is not available to the van- Pacific Insular areas will be assigned
ity call sign system for 2 years fol- only to a primary or club station
lowing the expiration of the license. whose licensee’s mailing address is in
(2) A call sign shown on a surren- the corresponding state, common-
dered, revoked, set aside, canceled, or wealth, or island. This limitation does
voided license grant is not available to not apply to an applicant for the call
the vanity call sign system for 2 years sign as the spouse, child, grandchild,
following the date such action is taken. stepchild, parent, grandparent, step-
(3) Except for an applicant who is the parent, brother, sister, stepbrother,
spouse, child, grandchild, stepchild, stepsister, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew,
parent, grandparent, step-parent, or in-law, of the former holder now de-
brother, sister, stepbrother, stepsister, ceased.
aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, or in-law, [60 FR 7460, Feb. 8, 1995, as amended at 60 FR
and except for an applicant who is a 50123, Sept. 28, 1995; 60 FR 53132, Oct. 12, 1995;
club station license trustee acting with 63 FR 68979, Dec. 14, 1998; 71 FR 66461, Nov. 15,
a written statement of consent signed 2006]
by either the licensee ante mortem but
who is now deceased or by at least one § 97.21 Application for a modified or
relative, as listed above, of the person renewed license grant.
now deceased, the call sign shown on (a) A person holding a valid amateur
the license of the person now deceased station license grant:
is not available to the vanity call sign (1) Must apply to the FCC for a modi-
system for 2 years following the per- fication of the license grant as nec-
son’s death, or for 2 years following the essary to show the correct mailing ad-
expiration of the license grant, which- dress, licensee name, club name, li-
ever is sooner. cense trustee name or license custo-

(d) The vanity call sign requested by dian name in accordance with § 1.913 of
an applicant must be selected from the this chapter. For a club, military
594
recreation or RACES station license to have the vanity call sign reassigned
grant, it must be presented in docu- to the station, the application must be
ment form to a Club Station Call Sign presented in document form to a Club
Administrator who must submit the in- Station Call Sign Administrator who
formation thereon to the FCC in an must submit the information thereon
electronic batch file. The Club Station to the FCC in an electronic batch file.
Call Sign Administrator must retain The Club Station Call Sign Adminis-
the collected information for at least trator must retain the collected infor-
15 months and make it available to the mation for at least 15 months and
FCC upon request. make it available to the FCC upon re-
(2) May apply to the FCC for a modi- quest. RACES station license grants
fication of the operator/primary sta- will not be renewed.
tion license grant to show a higher op- (b) A person whose amateur station
erator class. Applicants must present license grant has expired may apply to
the administering VEs with all infor- the FCC for renewal of the license
mation required by the rules prior to grant for another term during a 2 year
the examination. The VEs may collect filing grace period. The application
all necessary information in any man- must be received at the address speci-
ner of their choosing, including cre- fied above prior to the end of the grace
ating their own forms. period. Unless and until the license
(3) May apply to the FCC for renewal grant is renewed, no privileges in this
of the license grant for another term in part are conferred.
accordance with § 1.913 of this chapter. (c) A call sign obtained under the se-
Application for renewal of a Techni- quential or vanity call sign system will
cian Plus Class operator/primary sta- be reassigned to the station upon re-
tion license will be processed as an ap- newal or modification of a station li-
plication for renewal of a Technician cense.
Class operator/primary station license. [63 FR 68979, Dec. 14, 1998, as amended at 64
(i) For a station license grant show- FR 53242, Oct. 1, 1999; 65 FR 6550, Feb. 10,
ing a call sign obtained through the 2000]
vanity call sign system, the applica-
tion must be filed in accordance with § 97.23 Mailing address.
§ 97.19 of this part in order to have the Each license grant must show the
vanity call sign reassigned to the sta- grantee’s correct name and mailing ad-
tion. dress. The mailing address must be in
(ii) For a primary station license an area where the amateur service is
grant showing a call sign obtained regulated by the FCC and where the
through the sequential call sign sys- grantee can receive mail delivery by
tem, and for a primary station license the United States Postal Service. Rev-
grant showing a call sign obtained ocation of the station license or sus-
through the vanity call sign system pension of the operator license may re-
but whose grantee does not want to sult when correspondence from the
have the vanity call sign reassigned to FCC is returned as undeliverable be-
the station, the application must be cause the grantee failed to provide the
filed with the FCC in accordance with correct mailing address.
§ 1.913 of this chapter. When the appli-
[63 FR 68979, Dec. 14, 1998]
cation has been received by the FCC on
or before the license expiration date, § 97.25 License term.
the license operating authority is con-
tinued until the final disposition of the An amateur service license is nor-
application. mally granted for a 10-year term.
(iii) For a club station or military [63 FR 68979, Dec. 14, 1998]
recreation station license grant show-
ing a call sign obtained through the se- § 97.27 FCC modification of station li-
quential call sign system, and for a cense grant.
club or military recreation station li- (a) The FCC may modify a station li-
cense grant showing a call sign ob- cense grant, either for a limited time
tained through the vanity call sign sys- or for the duration of the term thereof,
tem but whose grantee does not want if it determines:
595
§ 97.29 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(1) That such action will promote the (d) No amateur operator shall will-
public interest, convenience, and ne- fully or maliciously interfere with or
cessity; or cause interference to any radio com-
(2) That such action will promote munication or signal.
fuller compliance with the provisions
of the Communications Act of 1934, as § 97.103 Station licensee responsibil-
ities.
amended, or of any treaty ratified by
the United States. (a) The station licensee is responsible
(b) When the FCC makes such a de- for the proper operation of the station
termination, it will issue an order of in accordance with the FCC Rules.
modification. The order will not be- When the control operator is a dif-
come final until the licensee is notified ferent amateur operator than the sta-
in writing of the proposed action and tion licensee, both persons are equally
the grounds and reasons therefor. The responsible for proper operation of the
licensee will be given reasonable oppor- station.
tunity of no less than 30 days to pro- (b) The station licensee must des-
test the modification; except that, ignate the station control operator.
where safety of life or property is in- The FCC will presume that the station
volved, a shorter period of notice may licensee is also the control operator,
be provided. Any protest by a licensee unless documentation to the contrary
of an FCC order of modification will be is in the station records.
handled in accordance with the provi- (c) The station licensee must make
sions of 47 U.S.C. 316. the station and the station records
available for inspection upon request
[59 FR 54833, Nov. 2, 1994, as amended at 63 by an FCC representative. When
FR 68979, Dec. 14, 1998] deemed necessary by a District Direc-
tor to assure compliance with the FCC
§ 97.29 Replacement license grant doc- Rules, the station licensee must main-
ument. tain a record of station operations con-
Each grantee whose amateur station taining such items of information as
license grant document is lost, muti- the District Director may require in
lated or destroyed may apply to the accord with § 0.314(x) of the FCC Rules.
FCC for a replacement in accordance [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 71
with § 1.913 of this chapter. FR 66462, Nov. 15, 2006]
[63 FR 68979, Dec. 14, 1998]
§ 97.105 Control operator duties.
(a) The control operator must ensure
Subpart B—Station Operation the immediate proper operation of the
Standards station, regardless of the type of con-
§ 97.101 General standards. trol.
(b) A station may only be operated in
(a) In all respects not specifically the manner and to the extent per-
covered by FCC Rules each amateur mitted by the privileges authorized for
station must be operated in accordance the class of operator license held by
with good engineering and good ama- the control operator.
teur practice.
(b) Each station licensee and each § 97.107 Reciprocal operating author-
control operator must cooperate in se- ity.
lecting transmitting channels and in A non-citizen of the United States
making the most effective use of the (‘‘alien’’) holding an amateur service
amateur service frequencies. No fre- authorization granted by the alien’s
quency will be assigned for the exclu- government is authorized to be the
sive use of any station. control operator of an amateur station
(c) At all times and on all fre- located at places where the amateur
quencies, each control operator must service is regulated by the FCC, pro-
give priority to stations providing vided there is in effect a multilateral
emergency communications, except to or bilateral reciprocal operating ar-

stations transmitting communications rangement, to which the United States
for training drills and tests in RACES. and the alien’s government are parties,
596
for amateur service operation on a re- be at the control point. Any station
ciprocal basis. The FCC will issue pub- may be remotely controlled.
lic announcements listing the coun- (d) When a station is being automati-
tries with which the United States has cally controlled, the control operator
such an arrangement. No citizen of the need not be at the control point. Only
United States or person holding an stations specifically designated else-
FCC amateur operator/primary station where in this part may be automati-
license grant is eligible for the recip- cally controlled. Automatic control
rocal operating authority granted by must cease upon notification by a Dis-
this section. The privileges granted to trict Director that the station is trans-
a control operator under this author- mitting improperly or causing harmful
ization are: interference to other stations. Auto-
(a) For an amateur service license matic control must not be resumed
granted by the Government of Canada: without prior approval of the District
(1) The terms of the Convention Be- Director.
tween the United States and Canada
[54 FR 39535, Sept. 27, 1989, as amended at 60
(TIAS No. 2508) Relating to the Oper- FR 26001, May 16, 1995; 69 FR 24997, May 5,
ation by Citizens of Either Country of 2004]
Certain Radio Equipment or Stations in
the Other Country; § 97.111 Authorized transmissions.
(2) The operating terms and condi-
(a) An amateur station may transmit
tions of the amateur service license
the following types of two-way commu-
issued by the Government of Canada;
nications:
and
(1) Transmissions necessary to ex-
(3) The applicable rules of this part,
change messages with other stations in
but not to exceed the control operator
the amateur service, except those in
privileges of an FCC-granted Amateur
any country whose administration has
Extra Class operator license.
notified the ITU that it objects to such
(b) For an amateur service license
communications. The FCC will issue
granted by any country, other than
public notices of current arrangements
Canada, with which the United States
for international communications.
has a multilateral or bilateral agree-
(2) Transmissions necessary to meet
ment:
essential communication needs and to
(1) The terms of the agreement be-
facilitate relief actions.
tween the alien’s government and the
United States; (3) Transmissions necessary to ex-
change messages with a station in an-
(2) The operating terms and condi-
other FCC-regulated service while pro-
tions of the amateur service license
viding emergency communications;
granted by the alien’s government;
(3) The applicable rules of this part, (4) Transmissions necessary to ex-
but not to exceed the control operator change messages with a United States
privileges of an FCC-granted Amateur government station, necessary to pro-
Extra Class operator license; and viding communications in RACES; and
(c) At any time the FCC may, in its (5) Transmissions necessary to ex-
discretion, modify, suspend or cancel change messages with a station in a
the reciprocal operating authority service not regulated by the FCC, but
granted to any person by this section. authorized by the FCC to communicate
with amateur stations. An amateur
[63 FR 68979, Dec. 14, 1998] station may exchange messages with a
participating United States military
§ 97.109 Station control. station during an Armed Forces Day
(a) Each amateur station must have Communications Test.
at least one control point. (b) In addition to one-way trans-
(b) When a station is being locally missions specifically authorized else-
controlled, the control operator must where in this part, an amateur station
be at the control point. Any station may transmit the following types of
may be locally controlled. one-way communications:

(c) When a station is being remotely (1) Brief transmissions necessary to
controlled, the control operator must make adjustments to the station;
597
§ 97.113 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(2) Brief transmissions necessary to rectly related to the immediate safety

establishing two-way communications of human life or the protection of prop-
with other stations; erty may be provided by amateur sta-
(3) Telecommand; tions to broadcasters for dissemination
(4) Transmissions necessary to pro- to the public where no other means of
viding emergency communications; communication is reasonably available
(5) Transmissions necessary to assist- before or at the time of the event.
ing persons learning, or improving pro- (c) A control operator may accept
ficiency in, the international Morse compensation as an incident of a teach-
code; and ing position during periods of time
(6) Transmissions necessary to dis-
when an amateur station is used by
seminate information bulletins.
that teacher as a part of classroom in-
(7) Transmissions of telemetry.
struction at an educational institution.
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 56 (d) The control operator of a club sta-
FR 56171, Nov. 1, 1991; 71 FR 25982, May 3,
tion may accept compensation for the
2006; 71 FR 66462, Nov. 15, 2006]
periods of time when the station is
§ 97.113 Prohibited transmissions. transmitting telegraphy practice or in-
formation bulletins, provided that the
(a) No amateur station shall trans-
mit: station transmits such telegraphy
(1) Communications specifically pro- practice and bulletins for at least 40
hibited elsewhere in this part; hours per week; schedules operations
(2) Communications for hire or for on at least six amateur service MF and
material compensation, direct or indi- HF bands using reasonable measures to
rect, paid or promised, except as other- maximize coverage; where the schedule
wise provided in these rules; of normal operating times and fre-
(3) Communications in which the sta- quencies is published at least 30 days in
tion licensee or control operator has a advance of the actual transmissions;
pecuniary interest, including commu- and where the control operator does
nications on behalf of an employer. not accept any direct or indirect com-
Amateur operators may, however, no- pensation for any other service as a
tify other amateur operators of the control operator.
availability for sale or trade of appa- (e) No station shall retransmit pro-
ratus normally used in an amateur sta- grams or signals emanating from any
tion, provided that such activity is not type of radio station other than an
conducted on a regular basis; amateur station, except propagation
(4) Music using a phone emission ex- and weather forecast information in-
cept as specifically provided elsewhere tended for use by the general public
in this section; communications in- and originated from United States Gov-
tended to facilitate a criminal act; ernment stations, and communica-
messages encoded for the purpose of ob- tions, including incidental music, orig-
scuring their meaning, except as other-
inating on United States Government
wise provided herein; obscene or inde-
frequencies between a manned space-
cent words or language; or false or de-
craft and its associated Earth stations.
ceptive messages, signals or identifica-
tion. Prior approval for manned spacecraft
(5) Communications, on a regular communications retransmissions must
basis, which could reasonably be fur- be obtained from the National Aero-
nished alternatively through other nautics and Space Administration.
radio services. Such retransmissions must be for the
(b) An amateur station shall not en- exclusive use of amateur radio opera-
gage in any form of broadcasting, nor tors. Propagation, weather forecasts,
may an amateur station transmit one- and manned spacecraft communica-
way communications except as specifi- tions retransmissions may not be con-
cally provided in these rules; nor shall ducted on a regular basis, but only oc-
an amateur station engage in any ac- casionally, as an incident of normal
tivity related to program production or amateur radio communications.

news gathering for broadcasting pur- (f) No amateur station, except an
poses, except that communications di- auxiliary, repeater, or space station,
598
may automatically retransmit the in the station identification procedure

radio signals of other amateur station. the call sign of the station with which
[58 FR 43072, Aug. 13, 1993; 58 FR 47219, Sept.
a third party message was exchanged.
8, 1993, as amended at 71 FR 25982, May 3, [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989; 54 FR 39535, Sept.
2006; 71 FR 66462, Nov. 15, 2006] 27, 1989, as amended at 71 FR 25982, May 3,
2006; 71 FR 66462, Nov. 15, 2006]
§ 97.115 Third party communications.
(a) An amateur station may transmit § 97.117 International communica-
messages for a third party to: tions.
(1) Any station within the jurisdic- Transmissions to a different country,
tion of the United States. where permitted, shall be limited to
(2) Any station within the jurisdic- communications incidental to the pur-
tion of any foreign government when poses of the amateur service and to re-
transmitting emergency or disaster re- marks of a personal character.
lief communications and any station
within the jurisdiction of any foreign [71 FR 25982, May 3, 2006]
government whose administration has § 97.119 Station identification.
made arrangements with the United
States to allow amateur stations to be (a) Each amateur station, except a
used for transmitting international space station or telecommand station,
communications on behalf of third par- must transmit its assigned call sign on
ties. No station shall transmit mes- its transmitting channel at the end of
sages for a third party to any station each communication, and at least
within the jurisdiction of any foreign every 10 minutes during a communica-
government whose administration has tion, for the purpose of clearly making
not made such an arrangement. This the source of the transmissions from
prohibition does not apply to a mes- the station known to those receiving
sage for any third party who is eligible the transmissions. No station may
to be a control operator of the station. transmit unidentified communications
(b) The third party may participate or signals, or transmit as the station
in stating the message where: call sign, any call sign not authorized
(1) The control operator is present at to the station.
the control point and is continuously (b) The call sign must be transmitted
monitoring and supervising the third with an emission authorized for the
party’s participation; and transmitting channel in one of the fol-
(2) The third party is not a prior lowing ways:
amateur service licensee whose license (1) By a CW emission. When keyed by
was revoked or not renewed after hear- an automatic device used only for iden-
ing and re-licensing has not taken tification, the speed must not exceed 20
place; suspended for less than the bal- words per minute;
ance of the license term and the sus- (2) By a phone emission in the
pension is still in effect; suspended for English language. Use of a phonetic al-
the balance of the license term and re- phabet as an aid for correct station
licensing has not taken place; or sur- identification is encouraged;
rendered for cancellation following no- (3) By a RTTY emission using a spec-
tice of revocation, suspension or mone- ified digital code when all or part of
tary forfeiture proceedings. The third the communications are transmitted
party may not be the subject of a cease by a RTTY or data emission;
and desist order which relates to ama- (4) By an image emission conforming
teur service operation and which is to the applicable transmission stand-
still in effect. ards, either color or monochrome, of
(c) No station may transmit third § 73.682(a) of the FCC Rules when all or
party communications while being part of the communications are trans-
automatically controlled except a sta- mitted in the same image emission
tion transmitting a RTTY or data (c) One or more indicators may be in-
emission. cluded with the call sign. Each indi-
(d) At the end of an exchange of cator must be separated from the call
international third party communica- sign by the slant mark (/) or by any
tions, the station must also transmit suitable word that denotes the slant
599
§ 97.121 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
mark. If an indicator is self-assigned, it nearly as possible by city and state,

must be included before, after, or both commonwealth or possession.
before and after, the call sign. No self- [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 54
assigned indicator may conflict with FR 39535, Sept. 27, 1989; 55 FR 30457, July 26,
any other indicator specified by the 1990; 56 FR 28, Jan. 2, 1991; 62 FR 17567, Apr.
FCC Rules or with any prefix assigned 10, 1997; 63 FR 68980, Dec. 14, 1998; 64 FR 51471,
to another country. Sept. 23, 1999; 66 FR 20752, Apr. 25, 2001]
(d) When transmitting in conjunction § 97.121 Restricted operation.
with an event of special significance, a
(a) If the operation of an amateur
station may substitute for its assigned
station causes general interference to
call sign a special event call sign as
the reception of transmissions from
shown for that station for that period stations operating in the domestic
of time on the common data base co- broadcast service when receivers of
ordinated, maintained and dissemi- good engineering design, including ade-
nated by the special event call sign quate selectivity characteristics, are
data base coordinators. Additionally, used to receive such transmissions, and
the station must transmit its assigned this fact is made known to the amateur
call sign at least once per hour during station licensee, the amateur station
such transmissions. shall not be operated during the hours
(e) When the operator license class from 8 p.m. to 10:30 p.m., local time,
held by the control operator exceeds and on Sunday for the additional pe-
that of the station licensee, an indi- riod from 10:30 a.m. until 1 p.m., local
cator consisting of the call sign as- time, upon the frequency or fre-
signed to the control operator’s station quencies used when the interference is
must be included after the call sign. created.
(b) In general, such steps as may be
(f) When the control operator is a
necessary to minimize interference to
person who is exercising the rights and
stations operating in other services
privileges authorized by § 97.9(b) of this may be required after investigation by
part, an indicator must be included the FCC.
after the call sign as follows:
(1) For a control operator who has re-
Subpart C—Special Operations
quested a license modification from
Novice Class to Technical Class: KT; § 97.201 Auxiliary station.
(2) For a control operator who has re- (a) Any amateur station licensed to a
quested a license modification from holder of a Technician, Technician
Novice, Technician, or Technician Plus Plus, General, Advanced or Amateur
Class to General Class: AG; Extra Class operator license may be an
(3) For a control operator who has re- auxiliary station. A holder of a Techni-
quested a license modification from cian, Technician Plus, General, Ad-
Novice, Technician, Technician Plus, vanced or Amateur Extra Class oper-
General, or Advanced Class to Amateur ator license may be the control oper-
Extra Class: AE. ator of an auxiliary station, subject to
(g) When the station is transmitting the privileges of the class of operator
under the authority of § 97.107 of this license held.
part, an indicator consisting of the ap- (b) An auxiliary station may trans-
propriate letter-numeral designating mit only on the 2 m and shorter wave-
the station location must be included length bands, except the 144.0–144.5
before the call sign that was issued to MHz, 145.8–146.0 MHz, 219–220 MHz,
the station by the country granting the 222.00–222.15 MHz, 431–433 MHz, and 435–
438 MHz segments.
license. For an amateur service license
(c) Where an auxiliary station causes
granted by the Government of Canada,
harmful interference to another auxil-
however, the indicator must be in- iary station, the licensees are equally
cluded after the call sign. At least once and fully responsible for resolving the
during each intercommunication, the interference unless one station’s oper-

identification announcement must ination is recommended by a frequency
clude the geographical location as coordinator and the other station’s is
600
not. In that case, the licensee of the the Naval Research Laboratory at
non-coordinated auxiliary station has Sugar Grove, Pendleton County, WV,
primary responsibilty to resolve the in- within 20 days from the date of notifi-
terference. cation, the FCC will consider all as-
(d) An auxiliary station may be auto- pects of the problem and take whatever
matically controlled. action is deemed appropriate.
(e) An auxiliary station may trans- (f) A beacon must cease trans-
mit one-way communications. missions upon notification by a Dis-
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 56 trict Director that the station is oper-
FR 56171, Nov. 1, 1991; 60 FR 15687, Mar. 27, ating improperly or causing undue in-
1995; 63 FR 68980, Dec. 14, 1998; 71 FR 66462, terference to other operations. The
Nov. 15, 2006] beacon may not resume transmitting
without prior approval of the District
§ 97.203 Beacon station. Director.
(a) Any amateur station licensed to a (g) A beacon may transmit one-way
holder of a Technician, Technician communications.
Plus, General, Advanced or Amateur
Extra Class operator license may be a [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 55
beacon. A holder of a Technician, Tech- FR 9323, Mar. 13, 1990; 56 FR 19610, Apr. 29,
1991; 56 FR 32517, July 17, 1991; 62 FR 55536,
nician Plus, General, Advanced or Oct. 27, 1997; 63 FR 41204, Aug. 3, 1998; 63 FR
Amateur Extra Class operator license 68980, Dec. 14, 1998; 69 FR 24997, May 5, 2004;
may be the control operator of a bea- 71 FR 66462, Nov. 15, 2006]
con, subject to the privileges of the
class of operator license held. § 97.205 Repeater station.
(b) A beacon must not concurrently
transmit on more than 1 channel in the (a) Any amateur station licensed to a
same amateur service frequency band, holder of a Technician, General, Ad-
from the same station location. vanced or Amateur Extra Class oper-
(c) The transmitter power of a beacon ator license may be a repeater. A hold-
must not exceed 100 W. er of a Technician, General, Advanced
(d) A beacon may be automatically or Amateur Extra Class operator li-
controlled while it is transmitting on cense may be the control operator of a
the 28.20–28.30 MHz, 50.06–50.08 MHz, repeater, subject to the privileges of
144.275–144.300 MHz, 222.05–222.06 MHz or the class of operator license held.
432.300–432.400 MHz segments, or on the (b) A repeater may receive and re-
33 cm and shorter wavelength bands. transmit only on the 10 m and shorter
(e) Before establishing an automati- wavelength frequency bands except the
cally controlled beacon in the National 28.0–29.5 MHz, 50.0–51.0 MHz, 144.0–144.5
Radio Quiet Zone or before changing MHz, 145.5–146.0 MHz, 222.00–222.15 MHz,
the transmitting frequency, trans- 431.0–433.0 Mhz, and 435.0–438.0 Mhz seg-
mitter power, antenna height or direc- ments.
tivity, the station licensee must give (c) Where the transmissions of a re-
written notification thereof to the In- peater cause harmful interference to
terference Office, National Radio As- another repeater, the two station li-
tronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 2, censees are equally and fully respon-
Green Bank, WV 24944. sible for resolving the interference un-
(1) The notification must include the less the operation of one station is rec-
geographical coordinates of the an- ommended by a frequency coordinator
tenna, antenna ground elevation above and the operation of the other station
mean sea level (AMSL), antenna center is not. In that case, the licensee of the
of radiation above ground level (AGL), non-coordinated repeater has primary
antenna directivity, proposed fre- responsibility to resolve the inter-
quency, type of emission, and trans- ference.
mitter power. (d) A repeater may be automatically
(2) If an objection to the proposed op- controlled.
eration is received by the FCC from the (e) Ancillary functions of a repeater
National Radio Astronomy Observ- that are available to users on the input
atory at Green Bank, Pocahontas channel are not considered remotely
County, WV, for itself or on behalf of controlled functions of the station.
601
§ 97.207 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
Limiting the use of a repeater to only § 97.207 Space station.

certain user stations is permissible. (a) Any amateur station may be a
(f) [Reserved] space station. A holder of any class op-
(g) The control operator of a repeater erator license may be the control oper-
that retransmits inadvertently com- ator of a space station, subject to the
munications that violate the rules in privileges of the class of operator li-
this part is not accountable for the vio- cense held by the control operator.
lative communications. (b) A space station must be capable
(h) The provisions of this paragraph of effecting a cessation of trans-
do not apply to repeaters that transmit missions by telecommand whenever
on the 1.2 cm or shorter wavelength such cessation is ordered by the FCC.
bands. Before establishing a repeater (c) The following frequency bands
within 16 km (10 miles) of the Arecibo and segments are authorized to space
stations:
Observatory or before changing the
(1) The 17 m, 15 m, 12 m, and 10 m
transmitting frequency, transmitter
bands, 6 mm, 4 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm
power, antenna height or directivity of bands; and
an existing repeater, the station li- (2) The 7.0–7.1 MHz, 14.00–14.25 MHz,
censee must give written notification 144–146 MHz, 435–438 MHz, 1260–1270
thereof to the Interference Office, Are- MHz, and 2400–2450 MHz, 3.40–3.41 GHz,
cibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Are- 5.83–5.85 GHz, 10.45–10.50 GHz, and 24.00–
cibo, Puerto Rico 00612, in writing or 24.05 GHz segments.
electronically, of the technical param- (d) A space station may automati-
eters of the proposal. Licensees who cally retransmit the radio signals of
choose to transmit information elec- Earth stations and other space sta-
tronically should e-mail to: tions.
prcz@naic.edu. (e) A space station may transmit
(1) The notification shall state the one-way communications.
geographical coordinates of the an- (f) Space telemetry transmissions
tenna (NAD–83 datum), antenna height may consist of specially coded mes-
above mean sea level (AMSL), antenna sages intended to facilitate commu-
center of radiation above ground level nications or related to the function of
the spacecraft.
(AGL), antenna directivity and gain,
(g) The license grantee of each space
proposed frequency and FCC Rule Part,
station must make the following writ-
type of emission, effective radiated ten notifications to the International
power, and whether the proposed use is Bureau, FCC, Washington, DC 20554.
itinerant. Licensees may wish to con- (1) A pre-space notification within 30
sult interference guidelines provided days after the date of launch vehicle
by Cornell University. determination, but no later than 90
(2) If an objection to the proposed op- days before integration of the space
eration is received by the FCC from the station into the launch vehicle. The
Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto notification must be in accordance
Rico, within 20 days from the date of with the provisions of Articles 9 and 11
notification, the FCC will consider all of the International Telecommuni-
aspects of the problem and take what- cation Union (ITU) Radio Regulations
ever action is deemed appropriate. The and must specify the information re-
licensee will be required to make rea- quired by Appendix 4 and Resolution
sonable efforts in order to resolve or No. 642 of the ITU Radio Regulations.
mitigate any potential interference The notification must also include a
problem with the Arecibo Observatory. description of the design and oper-
ational strategies that the space sta-
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 55 tion will use to mitigate orbital debris,
FR 4613, Feb. 9, 1990; 56 FR 32517, July 17, including the following information:
1991; 58 FR 64385, Dec. 7, 1993; 59 FR 18975, (i) A statement that the space sta-
Apr. 21, 1994; 62 FR 55536, Oct. 27, 1997; 63 FR tion licensee has assessed and limited
41205, Aug. 3, 1998; 63 FR 68980, Dec. 14, 1998; the amount of debris released in a
69 FR 24997, May 5, 2004; 70 FR 31374, June 1,
planned manner during normal oper-
2005]
ations, and has assessed and limited
602
the probability of the space station be- also indicate the anticipated evolution
coming a source of debris by collisions over time of the orbit of the proposed
with small debris or meteoroids that satellite or satellites. Where a space
could cause loss of control and prevent station requests the assignment of a
post-mission disposal; geostationary-Earth orbit location, it
(ii) A statement that the space sta- must assess whether there are any
tion licensee has assessed and limited known satellites located at, or reason-
the probability of accidental explosions ably expected to be located at, the re-
during and after completion of mission quested orbital location, or assigned in
operations. This statement must in- the vicinity of that location, such that
clude a demonstration that debris gen- the station keeping volumes of the re-
eration will not result from the conver-
spective satellites might overlap. If so,
sion of energy sources on board the
the statement must include a state-
spacecraft into energy that fragments
the spacecraft. Energy sources include ment as to the identities of those par-
chemical, pressure, and kinetic energy. ties and the measures that will be
This demonstration should address taken to prevent collisions;
whether stored energy will be removed (iv) A statement detailing the post-
at the spacecraft’s end of life, by de- mission disposal plans for the space
pleting residual fuel and leaving all station at end of life, including the
fuel line valves open, venting any pres- quantity of fuel—if any—that will be
surized system, leaving all batteries in reserved for post-mission disposal ma-
a permanent discharge state, and re- neuvers. For geostationary-Earth orbit
moving any remaining source of stored space stations, the statement must dis-
energy, or through other equivalent close the altitude selected for a post-
procedures specifically disclosed in the mission disposal orbit and the calcula-
application; tions that are used in deriving the dis-
(iii) A statement that the space sta- posal altitude. The statement must
tion licensee has assessed and limited also include a casualty risk assessment
the probability of the space station be- if planned post-mission disposal in-
coming a source of debris by collisions volves atmospheric re-entry of the
with large debris or other operational space station. In general, an assess-
space stations. Where a space station ment should include an estimate as to
will be launched into a low-Earth orbit
whether portions of the spacecraft will
that is identical, or very similar, to an
survive re-entry and reach the surface
orbit used by other space stations, the
of the Earth, as well as an estimate of
statement must include an analysis of
the potential risk of collision and a de- the resulting probability of human cas-
scription of what measures the space ualty.
station operator plans to take to avoid (v) If any material item described in
in-orbit collisions. If the space station this notification changes before
licensee is relying on coordination with launch, a replacement pre-space notifi-
another system, the statement must cation shall be filed with the Inter-
indicate what steps have been taken to national Bureau no later than 90 days
contact, and ascertain the likelihood of before integration of the space station
successful coordination of physical op- into the launch vehicle.
erations with, the other system. The (2) An in-space station notification is
statement must disclose the accu- required no later than 7 days following
racy—if any—with which orbital pa- initiation of space station trans-
rameters of non-geostationary satellite missions. This notification must up-
orbit space stations will be maintained, date the information contained in the
including apogee, perigee, inclination, pre-space notification.
and the right ascension of the ascend- (3) A post-space station notification
ing node(s). In the event that a system is required no later than 3 months after
is not able to maintain orbital toler-
termination of the space station trans-
ances, i.e., it lacks a propulsion system
missions. When termination of trans-

for orbital maintenance, that fact
should be included in the debris miti- missions is ordered by the FCC, the no-
gation disclosure. Such systems must tification is required no later than 24
603
§ 97.209 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
hours after termination of trans- § 97.213 Telecommand of an amateur

missions. station.
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 54 An amateur station on or within 50
FR 39535, Sept. 27, 1989; 56 FR 56171, Nov. 1, km of the Earth’s surface may be under
1991; 57 FR 32736, July 23, 1992; 60 FR 50124, telecommand where:
Sept. 28, 1995; 63 FR 68980, Dec. 14, 1998; 69 FR
54588, Sept. 9, 2004; 71 FR 66462, Nov. 15, 2006] (a) There is a radio or wireline con-
trol link between the control point and
§ 97.209 Earth station. the station sufficient for the control
(a) Any amateur station may be an operator to perform his/her duties. If
Earth station. A holder of any class op- radio, the control link must use an
erator license may be the control oper- auxiliary station. A control link using
ator of an Earth station, subject to the a fiber optic cable or another tele-
privileges of the class of operator li- communication service is considered
cense held by the control operator. wireline.
(b) The following frequency bands (b) Provisions are incorporated to
and segments are authorized to Earth limit transmission by the station to a
stations: period of no more than 3 minutes in the
(1) The 17 m, 15 m, 12 m, and 10 m event of malfunction in the control
bands, 6 mm, 4 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm link.
bands; and (c) The station is protected against
(2) The 7.0–7.1 MHz, 14.00–14.25 MHz, making, willfully or negligently, unau-
144–146 MHz, 435–438 MHz, 1260–1270 MHz thorized transmissions.
and 2400–2450 MHz, 3.40–3.41 GHz, 5.65– (d) A photocopy of the station license
5.67 GHz, 10.45–10.50 GHz and 24.00–24.05 and a label with the name, address, and
GHz segments. telephone number of the station li-
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 54 censee and at least one designated con-
FR 39535, Sept. 27, 1989] trol operator is posted in a conspicuous
place at the station location.
§ 97.211 Space telecommand station.
(a) Any amateur station designated
FR 56171, Nov. 1, 1991]
by the licensee of a space station is eli-
gible to transmit as a telecommand § 97.215 Telecommand of model craft.
station for that space station, subject
to the privileges of the class of oper- An amateur station transmitting sig-
ator license held by the control oper- nals to control a model craft may be
ator. operated as follows:
(b) A telecommand station may (a) The station identification proce-
transmit special codes intended to ob- dure is not required for transmissions
scure the meaning of telecommand directed only to the model craft, pro-
messages to the station in space oper- vided that a label indicating the sta-
ation. tion call sign and the station licensee’s
(c) The following frequency bands name and address is affixed to the sta-
and segments are authorized to tele- tion transmitter.
command stations: (b) The control signals are not con-
(1) The 17 m, 15 m, 12 m and 10 m sidered codes or ciphers intended to ob-
bands, 6 mm, 4 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm scure the meaning of the communica-
bands; and tion.
(2) The 7.0–7.1 MHz, 14.00–14.25 MHz, (c) The transmitter power must not
144–146 MHz, 435–438 MHz, 1260–1270 MHz exceed 1 W.
and 2400–2450 MHz, 3.40–3.41 GHz, 5.65–
5.67 GHz, 10.45–10.50 GHz and 24.00–24.05 [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 56
GHz segments. FR 56171, Nov. 1, 1991]
(d) A telecommand station may
transmit one-way communications. § 97.217 Telemetry.
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 54 Telemetry transmitted by an ama-

FR 39535, Sept. 27, 1989; 56 FR 56171, Nov. 1, teur station on or within 50 km of the
1991] Earth’s surface is not considered to be
604
codes or ciphers intended to obscure tion, a repeater station, an earth sta-

the meaning of communications. tion, a space station, or a space tele-
[56 FR 56172, Nov. 1, 1991. Redesignated at 59
command station.
FR 18975, Apr. 21, 1994] (b) A station may be automatically
controlled while transmitting a RTTY
§ 97.219 Message forwarding system. or data emission on the 6 m or shorter
(a) Any amateur station may partici- wavelength bands, and on the 28.120–
pate in a message forwarding system, 28.189 MHz, 24.925–24.930 MHz, 21.090–
subject to the privileges of the class of 21.100 MHz, 18.105–18.110 MHz, 14.0950–
operator license held. 14.0995 MHz, 14.1005–14.112 MHz, 10.140–
(b) For stations participating in a 10.150 MHz, 7.100–7.105 MHz, or 3.585–
message forwarding system, the con- 3.600 MHz segments.
trol operator of the station originating (c) A station may be automatically
a message is primarily accountable for controlled while transmitting a RTTY
any violation of the rules in this part or data emission on any other fre-
contained in the message. quency authorized for such emission
(c) Except as noted in (d) of this sec- types provided that:
tion, for stations participating in a (1) The station is responding to inter-
message forwarding system, the con- rogation by a station under local or re-
trol operators of forwarding stations mote control; and
that retransmit inadvertently commu- (2) No transmission from the auto-
nications that violate the rules in this matically controlled station occupies a
part are not accountable for the viola- bandwidth of more than 500 Hz.
tive communications. They are, how-
ever, responsible for discontinuing such [60 FR 26001, May 16, 1995, as amended at 72
communications once they become FR 3082, Jan. 24, 2007]
aware of their presence.
(d) For stations participating in a Subpart D—Technical Standards
message forwarding system, the con-
trol operator of the first forwarding § 97.301 Authorized frequency bands.
station must: The following transmitting frequency
(1) Authenticate the identity of the bands are available to an amateur sta-
station from which it accepts commu- tion located within 50 km of the
nications on behalf of the system; or Earth’s surface, within the specified
(2) Accept accountability for any vio- ITU Region, and outside any area
lation of the rules in this part con- where the amateur service is regulated
tained in messages it retransmits to by any authority other than the FCC.
the system. (a) For a station having a control op-
[59 FR 18975, Apr. 21, 1994] erator who has been granted a Techni-
cian, Technician Plus, General, Ad-
§ 97.221 Automatically controlled dig- vanced, or Amateur Extra Class oper-
ital station. ator license, who holds a CEPT radio
(a) This rule section does not apply amateur license, or who holds any class
to an auxiliary station, a beacon sta- of IARP:
Sharing requirements
Wavelength band ITU—Region 1 ITU—Region 2 ITU—Region 3 see § 97.303
(Paragraph)
VHF MHz MHz MHz
6 m ............................. ................................... 50–54 ........................ 50–54 ........................ (a)

2 m ............................. 144–146 .................... 144–148 .................... 144–148 .................... (a)
1.25 m ........................ ................................... 219–220 .................... ................................... (a), (e)
Do ............................... ................................... 222–225 .................... ................................... (a)
UHF MHz MHz MHz
70 cm ......................... 430–440 .................... 420–450 .................... 420–450 .................... (a), (b), (f)
33 cm ......................... ................................... 902–928 .................... ................................... (a), (b), (g)

23 cm ......................... 1240–1300 ................ 1240–1300 ................ 1240–1300 ................ (b), (h), (i)
13 cm ......................... 2300–2310 ................ 2300–2310 ................ 2300–2310 ................ (a), (b), (j)
605
§ 97.301 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(Paragraph)
Do ............................... 2390–2450 ................ 2390–2450 ................ 2390–2450 ................ (a), (b), (j)
SHF GHz GHz GHz
9 cm ........................... 3.4–3.475 .................. 3.3–3.5 ...................... 3.3–3.5 ...................... (a), (b), (k), (l)
5 cm ........................... 5.650–5.850 .............. 5.650–5.925 .............. 5.650–5.850 .............. (a), (b), (m)
3 cm ........................... 10.00–10.50 .............. 10.00–10.50 .............. 10.00–10.50 .............. (a), (c), (i), (n)
1.2 cm ........................ 24.00–24.25 .............. 24.00–24.25 .............. 24.00–24.25 .............. (a), (b), (i), (o)
EHF GHz GHz GHz
6 mm .......................... 47.0–47.2 .................. 47.0–47.2 .................. 47.0–47.2

4 mm .......................... 76–81 ........................ 76–81 ........................ 76–81 ........................ (b), (c), (h), (k), (r)
2.5 mm ....................... 122.25–123 ............... 122.25–123 ............... 122.25–123 ............... (p)
2 mm .......................... 134–141 .................... 134–141 .................... 134–141 .................... (b), (c), (h), (k)
1 mm .......................... 241–250 .................... 241–250 .................... 241–250 .................... (b), (c), (h), (k), (q)
above 275 ................. above 275 ................. above 275 ................. (k)
(b) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an Amateur
Extra Class operator license, who holds a CEPT radio amateur license, or who
holds a Class 1 IARP license:
(Paragraph)
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m .......................................................... 1810–1850 ........ 1800–2000 ........ 1800–2000 ........ (a), (b), (c).
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m ............................................................ 3.50–3.60 .......... 3.50–3.60 .......... 3.50–3.60 .......... (a)

75 m ............................................................ 3.60–3.80 .......... 3.60–4.00 .......... 3.60–3.90 .......... (a)
40 m ............................................................ 7.0–7.2 .............. 7.0–7.3 .............. 7.0–7.2 .............. (a), (t).
30 m ............................................................ 10.10–10.15 ...... 10.10–10.15 ...... 10.10-10.15 ....... (d).
20 m ............................................................ 14.00–14.35 ...... 14.00–14.35 ...... 14.00–14.35.
17 m ............................................................ 18.068–18.168 .. 18.068–18.168 .. 18.068–18.168.
15 m ............................................................ 21.00–21.45 ...... 21.00–21.45 ...... 21.00–21.45.
12 m ............................................................ 24.89–24.99 ...... 24.89–24.99 ...... 24.89–24.99.
10 m ............................................................ 28.0–29.7 .......... 28.0–29.7. ......... 28.0–29.7.
(c) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an operator
license of Advanced Class:
(Paragraph)
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m .......................................................... 1810–1850 ........ 1800–2000 ........ 1800–2000 ........ (a), (b), (c).
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m ............................................................ 3.525–3.60 ........ 3.525–3.60 ........ 3.525–3.60 ........ (a)

75 m ............................................................ 3.70–3.80 .......... 3.70–4.00 .......... 3.700–3.90 ........ (a)
40 m ............................................................ 7.025–7.200 ...... 7.025–7.300 ...... 7.025–7.200 ...... (a), (t).
30 m ............................................................ 10.10–10.15 ...... 10.10–10.15 ...... 10.10–10.15 ...... (d).
20 m ............................................................ 14.025–14.150 .. 14.025–14.150 .. 14.025–14.150.
Do ................................................. 14.175–14.350 .. 14.175–14.350 .. 14.175–14.350.
17 m ............................................................ 18.068–18.168 .. 18.068–18.168 .. 18.068–18.168.
15 m ............................................................ 21.025–21.20 .... 21.025–21.20 .... 21.025–21.20.
Do ................................................. 21.225–21.450 .. 21.225–21.450 .. 21.225–21.450.
12 m ............................................................ 24.89–24.99 ...... 24.89–24.99 ...... 24.89–24.99.
10 m ............................................................ 28.0–29.7 .......... 28.0–29.7 .......... 28.0–29.7.
(d) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an operator
license of General Class:
606
(Paragraph)
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m ......................... 1810–1850 ................ 1800–2000 ................ 1800–2000 ................ (a), (b), (c)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m ........................... 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ (a)

75 m ........................... ................................... 3.80–4.00 .................. 3.80–3.90 .................. (a)
40 m ........................... 7.025–7.125 .............. 7.025–7.125 .............. 7.025–7.125 .............. (a)
Do ............................... ................................... 7.175–7.300 .............. ................................... (a)
30 m ........................... 10.10–10.15 .............. 10.10–10.15 .............. 10.10–10.15 .............. (d)
20 m ........................... 14.025–14.150 .......... 14.025–14.150 .......... 14.025–14.150.
Do ............................... 14.225–14.350 .......... 14.225–14.350 .......... 14.225–14.350.
17 m ........................... 18.068–18.168 .......... 18.068–18.168 .......... 18.068–18.168.
15 m ........................... 21.025–21.200 .......... 21.025–21.200 .......... 21.025–21.200.
Do ............................... 21.275–21.45 ............ 21.275–21.45 ............ 21.275–21.45.
12 m ........................... 24.89–24.99 .............. 24.89–24.99 .............. 24.89–24.99.
10 m ........................... 28.0–29.7 .................. 28.0–29.7 .................. 28.0–29.7 ..................
(e) For a station having a control operator who has been granted an operator
license of Novice Class, Technician Class, or Technician Plus Class:
(Paragraph)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m ........................... 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ (a)

40 m ........................... 7.025–7.075 .............. 7.025–7.100 .............. 7.025–7.075.
Do ............................... 7.100–7.125 .............. 7.100–7.125 .............. 7.100–7.125 .............. (a), (t)
15 m ........................... 21.025–21.20 ............ 21.025–21.20 ............ 21.025–21.20.
10 m ........................... 28.0–28.5 .................. 28.0–28.5 .................. 28.0–28.5.
VHF MHz MHz MHz
1.25 m ........................ ................................... 222–225 .................... ................................... (a)
UHF MHz MHz MHz
23 cm ......................... 1270–1295 ................ 1270–1295 ................ 1270–1295 ................ (h), (i)
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989; 54 FR 39535, Sept. 27, 1989]

EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting § 97.301, see the List of CFR Sec-
tions Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO
Access.
§ 97.303 Frequency sharing require- Rules, United States Table of Frequency

ments. Allocations for complete requirements.)
The following is a summary of the (a) Where, in adjacent ITU Regions or
frequency sharing requirements that sub-Regions, a band of frequencies is
apply to amateur station transmissions allocated to different services of the
on the frequency bands specified in same category (i.e., primary or sec-
§ 97.301 of this part. (For each ITU Re- ondary allocations), the basic principle
gion, each frequency band allocated to is the equality of right to operate. Ac-
the amateur service is designated as ei- cordingly, stations of each service in
ther a secondary service or a primary one Region or sub-Region must operate
service. A station in a secondary serv- so as not to cause harmful interference
ice must not cause harmful inter- to any service of the same or higher
ference to, and must accept inter- category in the other Regions or sub-
ference from, stations in a primary Regions. (See ITU Radio Regulations,

service. See §§ 2.105 and 2.106 of the FCC edition of 2004, No. 4.8.)
607
§ 97.303 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(b) No amateur station transmitting be given to: The American Radio

in the 1900–2000 kHz segment, the 70 cm Relay, Inc., 225 Main Street,
band, the 33 cm band, the 23 cm band, Newington, CT 06111–1494.
the 13 cm band, the 9 cm band, the 5 cm (4) No amateur station may transmit
band, the 3 cm band, the 24.05–24.25 GHz in the 219–220 MHz segment from a lo-
segment, the 76–77.5 GHz segment, the cation that is within 640 km of an
78–81 GHz segment, the 136–141 GHz seg- AMTS Coast Station that uses fre-
ment, and the 241–248 GHz segment quencies in the 217–218/219–220 MHz
shall cause harmful interference to, AMTS bands unless the amateur sta-
nor is protected from interference due tion licensee has given written notifi-
to the operation of, the Federal radio- cation of the station’s specific geo-
location service. graphic location for such transmissions
(c) No amateur station transmitting to the AMTS licensee. The notification
in the 1900–2000 kHz segment, the 3 cm must be given at least 30 days prior to
band, the 76–77.5 GHz segment, the 78– making such transmissions. The loca-
81 GHz segment, the 136–141 GHz seg- tion of AMTS Coast Stations using the
ment, and the 241–248 GHz segment 217–218/219–220 MHz channels may be ob-
shall cause harmful interference to, tained from either:
nor is protected from interference due The American Radio Relay League, Inc., 225
to the operation of, stations in the Main Street, Newington, CT 06111–1494;
non-Federal radiolocation service.
(d) No amateur station transmitting or
in the 30 meter band shall cause harm- Interactive Systems, Inc., Suite 1103, 1601
ful interference to stations authorized North Kent Street, Arlington, VA 22209;
by other nations in the fixed service. Fax: (703) 812–8275; Phone: (703) 812–8270.
The licensee of the amateur station (5) No amateur station may transmit
must make all necessary adjustments, in the 219–220 MHz segment from a lo-
including termination of trans- cation that is within 80 km of an
missions, if harmful interference is AMTS Coast Station that uses fre-
caused. quencies in the 217–218/219–220 MHz
(e) In the 1.25 m band: AMTS bands unless that amateur sta-
(1) Use of the 219–220 MHz segment is tion licensee holds written approval
limited to amateur stations partici- from that AMTS licensee. The location
pating, as forwarding stations, in of AMTS Coast Stations using the 217–
point-to-point fixed digital message 218/219–220 MHz channels may be ob-
forwarding systems, including inter- tained as noted in paragraph (e)(4) of
city packet backbone networks. It is this section.
not available for other purposes. (f) In the 70 cm band:
(2) No amateur station transmitting (1) No amateur station shall transmit
in the 219–220 MHz segment shall cause from north of Line A in the 420–430 MHz
harmful interference to, nor is pro- segment.
tected from interference due to oper- (2) The 420–430 MHz segment is allo-
ation of Automated Maritime Tele- cated to the amateur service in the
communications Systems (AMTS), tel- United States on a secondary basis,
evision broadcasting on channels 11 and is allocated in the fixed and mobile
and 13, 218–219 MHz Service systems, (except aeronautical mobile) services
Land Mobile Services systems, or any in the International Table of alloca-
other service having a primary allocations on a primary basis. No amateur
tion in or adjacent to the band. station transmitting in this band shall
(3) No amateur station may transmit cause harmful interference to, nor is
in the 219–220 MHz segment unless the protected from interference due to the
licensee has given written notification operation of, stations authorized by
of the station’s specific geographic lo- other nations in the fixed and mobile
cation for such transmissions in order (except aeronautical mobile) services.
to be incorporated into a data base (3) The 430–440 MHz segment is allo-
that has been made available to the cated to the amateur service on a sec-
public. The notification must be given ondary basis in ITU Regions 2 and 3. No
at least 30 days prior to making such amateur station transmitting in this
transmissions. The notification must band in ITU Regions 2 and 3 shall cause
608
harmful interference to, nor is pro- to, nor is protected from interference
tected from interference due to the op- due to the operation of, stations in the
eration of, stations authorized by other radionavigation-satellite service, the
nations in the radiolocation service. In aeronautical radionavigation service,
ITU Region 1, the 430–440 MHz segment the Earth exploration-satellite service
is allocated to the amateur service on (active), or the space research service
a co-primary basis with the radio- (active).
location service. As between these two (j) In the 13 cm band:
services in this band in ITU Region 1, (1) The amateur service is allocated
the basic principle that applies is the on a secondary basis in all ITU Re-
equality of right to operate. Amateur gions. In ITU Region 1, no amateur sta-
stations authorized by the United tion shall cause harmful interference
States and radiolocation stations au- to, and shall be not protected from in-
thorized by other nations in ITU Re- terference due to the operation of, sta-
gion 1 shall operate so as not to cause tions authorized by other nations in
harmful interference to each other. the fixed and mobile services. In ITU
(4) No amateur station transmitting Regions 2 and 3, no amateur station
in the 449.75–450.00 MHz segment shall shall cause harmful interference to,
cause interference to, nor is protected and shall not be protected from inter-
from interference due to the operation ference due to the operation of, sta-
of stations in, the space operation and tions authorized by other nations in
space research services. the fixed, mobile and radiolocation
(g) In the 33 cm band: services.
(1) In the States of Colorado and Wy- (2) In the United States:
oming, bounded by the area of latitude (i) The 2300–2305 MHz segment is allo-
396° N. to 42° N. and longitude 103° W. to cated to the amateur service on a sec-
108° W., an amateur station may trans- ondary basis. (Currently the 2300–2305
mit in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz band MHz segment is not allocated to any
only on the frequency segments 902.0– service on a primary basis.);
902.4, 902.6–904.3, 904.7–925.3, 925.7–927.3, (ii) The 2305–2310 MHz segment is al-
and 927.7–928.0 MHz. This band is allo- located to the amateur service on a
cated on a secondary basis to the ama- secondary basis to the fixed, mobile,
teur service subject to not causing and radiolocation services;
harmful interference to, and not re- (iii) The 2390–2417 MHz segment is al-
ceiving any interference protection located to the amateur service on a pri-
from, the operation of industrial, sci- mary basis.
entific and medical devices, automatic (A) The 2390–2395 MHz segment is
vehicle monitoring systems, or Govern- shared with Federal and non-Federal
ment stations authorized in this band. Government mobile services on a co-
(2) No amateur station shall transmit equal basis. See 47 CFR 2.106, footnote
from those portions of the States of US276.
Texas and New Mexico bounded on the (B) Amateur stations operating in
south by latitude 31°41′ N., on the north the 2400–2417 MHz segment must accept
by latitude 34°30′ N., on the east by lon- harmful interference that may be
gitude 104°11′ W., and on the west by caused by the proper operation of in-
longitude 107°30′ W. dustrial, scientific and medical equip-
(h) No amateur station transmitting ment.
in the 23 cm band, the 3.3–3.4 GHz seg- (iv) The 2417–2450 MHz segment is al-
ment, the 3 cm band, the 24.05–24.25 located to the amateur service on a co-
GHz segment, the 76–77.5 GHz segment, secondary basis with the Federal Gov-
the 78–81 GHz segment, the 136–141 GHz ernment radiolocation service. Ama-
segment, and the 241–248 GHz segment teur stations operating within the 2417–
shall cause harmful interference to, 2450 MHz segment must accept harmful
nor is protected from interference due interference that may be caused by the
to the operation of, stations authorized proper operation of industrial, sci-
by other nations in the radiolocation entific, and medical devices operating
service. within the band.

(i) In the 23 cm band, no amateur sta- (k) No amateur station transmitting
tion shall cause harmful interference in the following segments shall cause
609
§ 97.303 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
harmful interference to stations in the eration of industrial, scientific and

radio astronomy service: 3.332–3.339 medical devices operating on 5.8 GHz.
GHz, 3.3458–3.3525 GHz, 76–77.5 GHz, 78– (4) In the 5.650–5.850 GHz segment, no
81 GHz, 136–141 GHz, 241–248 GHz, 275–323 amateur station shall cause harmful
GHz, 327–371 GHz, 388–424 GHz, 426–442 interference to, nor is protected from
GHz, 453–510 GHz, 623–711 GHz, 795–909 interference due to the operation of,
GHz, and 926–945 GHz. No amateur sta- stations authorized by other nations in
tion transmitting in following seg- the radiolocation service.
ments shall cause harmful interference (5) In the 5.850–5.925 GHz segment, the
to stations in the Earth exploration- amateur service is allocated in ITU Re-
satellite service (passive) and space region 2 on a co-secondary basis with the
search service (passive): 275–277 GHz, radiolocation service. In the United
294–306 GHz, 316–334 GHz, 342–349 GHz, States, the segment is allocated to the
363–365 GHz, 371–389 GHz, 416–434 GHz, amateur service on a secondary basis
442–444 GHz, 496–506 GHz, 546–568 GHz, to the non-Government fixed-satellite
624–629 GHz, 634–654 GHz, 659–661 GHz, service. No amateur station shall cause
684–692 GHz, 730–732 GHz, 851–853 GHz, harmful interference to, nor is pro-
and 951–956 GHz. tected from interference due to the op-
(l) In the 9 cm band: eration of, stations authorized by other
(1) In ITU Regions 2 and 3, the 9 cm nations in the fixed, fixed-satellite and
band is allocated to the amateur serv- mobile services. No amateur station
ice on a secondary basis. In ITU Region shall cause harmful interference to,
1, the segment 3.4–3.475 GHz is allo- nor is protected from interference due
cated to the amateur service on a sec- to the operation of, stations in the
ondary basis for use only in Germany, non-Government fixed-satellite service.
Israel, and the United Kingdom. (n) In the 3 cm band:
(2) In the United States, the 9 cm (1) In the United States, the 3 cm
band is allocated to the amateur and band is allocated to the amateur serv-
non-Federal radiolocation services on a ice on a co-secondary basis with the
secondary basis. non-government radiolocation service.
(3) In the 3.4–3.5 GHz segment, no (2) In the 10.00–10.45 GHz segment in
amateur station shall cause harmful ITU Regions 1 and 3, no amateur sta-
interference to, nor is protected from tion shall cause interference to, nor is
interference due to the operation of, protected from interference due to the
stations in the fixed and fixed-satellite operation of, stations authorized by
services. other nations in the fixed and mobile
(4) In the 3.4–3.5 GHz segment, no services.
amateur station shall cause harmful (o) No amateur station transmitting
interference to, nor is protected from in the 1.2 cm band is protected from in-
interference due to the operation of, terference due to the operation of in-
stations authorized by other nations in dustrial, scientific and medical devices
the fixed and fixed-satellite service. on 24.125 GHz. In the United States, the
(m) In the 5 cm band: 24.05–24.25 GHz segment is allocated to
(1) In the 5.650–5.725 GHz segment, the the amateur service on a co-secondary
amateur service is allocated in all ITU basis with the non-government radio-
Regions on a co-secondary basis with location and Government and non-gov-
the space research (deep space) service. ernment Earth exploration-satellite
(2) In the 5.725–5.850 GHz segment, the (active) services.
amateur service is allocated in all ITU (p) The 2.5 mm band is allocated to
Regions on a secondary basis. No ama- the amateur service on a secondary
teur station shall cause harmful inter- basis. No amateur station transmitting
ference to, nor is protected from inter- in this band shall cause harmful inter-
ference due to the operation of, sta- ference to, nor is protected from inter-
tions authorized by other nations in ference due to the operation of, sta-
the fixed-satellite service in ITU Re- tions in the fixed, inter-satellite and
gion 1. mobile services.
(3) No amateur station transmitting (q) No amateur station transmitting

in the 5.725–5.875 GHz segment is pro- in the 244–246 GHz segment of the 1 mm
tected from interference due to the op- band is protected from interference due
610
to the operation of industrial, sci- services on a co-primary basis in Re-

entific and medical devices on 245 GHz. gion 1 and Region 3 and the use of the
(r) Authorization of the 76–77 GHz 7.1–7.2 MHz segment by the amateur
segment of the 4 mm band for amateur service shall not impose constraints on
station transmissions is suspended the broadcasting service intended for
until such time that the Commission use within Region 1 and Region 3. After
may determine that amateur station March 29, 2009, the 7.1–7.2 MHz segment
transmissions in this segment will not is allocated to the amateur service on
pose a safety threat to vehicle radar a primary and exclusive basis through-
systems operating in this segment. out the world, except that the 7.1–7.2
(s) An amateur station having an op- MHz segment is additionally allocated
erator holding a General, Advanced or
to the fixed and mobile except aero-
Amateur Extra Class license may only
nautical mobile (R) services on a pri-
transmit single sideband, suppressed
carrier, (emission type 2K8J3E) upper mary basis in the countries listed in 47
sideband on the channels 5332 kHz, 5348 CFR 2.106, footnote 5.141B.
kHz, 5368 kHz, 5373 kHz, and 5405 kHz. (3) The 7.2–7.3 MHz segment is allo-
Amateur operators shall ensure that cated to the amateur service on an ex-
their transmission occupies only the clusive basis in Region 2 and to the
2.8 kHz centered around each of these broadcasting service on an exclusive
frequencies. Transmissions shall not basis in Region 1 and Region 3. The use
exceed an effective radiated power of the 7.2–7.3 MHz segment in Region 2
(e.r.p) of 50 W PEP. For the purpose of by the amateur service shall not im-
computing e.r.p. the transmitter PEP pose constraints on the broadcasting
will be multiplied with the antenna service intended for use within Region
gain relative to a dipole or the equiva- 1 and Region 3.
lent calculation in decibels. A half
wave dipole antenna will be presumed [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989; 54 FR 39536, Sept.
27, 1989]
to have a gain of 0 dBd. Licensees using
other antennas must maintain in their EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci-
station records either manufacturer tations affecting § 97.303, see the List of CFR
data on the antenna gain or calcula- Sections Affected, which appears in the
tions of the antenna gain. No amateur Finding Aids section of the printed volume
station shall cause harmful inter- and on GPO Access.
ference to stations authorized in the
mobile and fixed services; nor is any § 97.305 Authorized emission types.
amateur station protected from inter- (a) Except as specified elsewhere in
ference due to the operation of any this part, an amateur station may
such station. transmit a CW emission on any fre-
(t)(1) The 7–7.1 MHz segment is allo- quency authorized to the control oper-
cated to the amateur and amateur-sat- ator.
ellite services on a primary and exclu- (b) A station may transmit a test
sive basis throughout the world, except emission on any frequency authorized
that the 7–7.05 MHz segment is: to the control operator for brief periods
(i) Additionally allocated to the fixed for experimental purposes, except that
service on a primary basis in the coun-
no pulse modulation emission may be
tries listed in 47 CFR 2.106, footnote
transmitted on any frequency where
5.140; and
pulse is not specifically authorized and
(ii) Alternatively allocated to the
fixed service on a primary and exclu- no SS modulation emission may be
sive basis (i.e., the segment 7–7.05 MHz transmitted on any frequency where
is not allocated to the amateur service) SS is not specifically authorized.
in the countries listed in 47 CFR 2.106, (c) A station may transmit the fol-
footnote 5.141. lowing emission types on the fre-
(2) The 7.1–7.2 MHz segment is allo- quencies indicated, as authorized to
cated to the amateur service on an ex- the control operator, subject to the
clusive basis in Region 2. Until March standards specified in § 97.307(f) of this

29, 2009, the 7.1–7.2 MHz segment is allo- part.
cated to the amateur and broadcasting
611
§ 97.307 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
Wavelength Standards see § 97.307(f), para-

Frequencies Emission types authorized
band graph:
MF:
160 m Entire band ................. RTTY, data .................................................................. (3).
160 m Entire band ................. Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2).
HF:
80 m Entire band ................. RTTY, data .................................................................. (3), (9).
75 m Entire band ................. Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2).
40 m 7.000–7.100 MHz ....... RTTY, data .................................................................. (3), (9)
40 m 7.075–7.100 MHz ....... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2), (9), (11)
40 m 7.100–7.125 MHz ....... RTTY, data .................................................................. (3), (9)
40 m 7.125–7.300 MHz ....... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2)
30 m Entire band ................. RTTY, data .................................................................. (3).
20 m 14.00–14.15 MHz ....... RTTY, data .................................................................. (3).
20 m 14.15–14.35 MHz ....... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2).
17 m 18.068–18.110 MHz ... RTTY, data .................................................................. (3).
17 m 18.110–18.168 MHz ... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2).
15 m 21.0–21.2 MHz ........... RTTY, data .................................................................. (3), (9).
15 m 21.20–21.45 MHz ....... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2).
12 m 24.89–24.93 MHz ....... RTTY, data .................................................................. (3).
12 m 24.93–24.99 MHz ....... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2).
10 m 28.0–28.3 MHz ........... RTTY, data .................................................................. (4).
10 m 28.3–28.5 MHz ........... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2), (10).
10 m 28.5–29.0 MHz ........... Phone, image .............................................................. (1), (2).
10 m 29.0–29.7 MHz ........... Phone, image .............................................................. (2).
VHF:
6m 50.1–51.0 MHz ........... MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data .............................. (2), (5).
Do 51.0–54.0 MHz ........... MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, test ...................... (2), (5), (8).
2m 144.1–148.0 MHz ....... MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, test ...................... (2), (5), (8).
1.25 m 219–220 MHz ............. Data ............................................................................. (13)
Do 222–225 MHz ............. RTTY, data, test MCW, phone, SS, image ................ (2), (6), (8)
UHF:
70 cm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test ............... (6), (8).
33 cm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test, pulse .... (7), (8), and (12).
23 cm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test ............... (7), (8), and (12).
SHF:
3 cm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test ............... (7), (8), and (12).
1.2 cm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test, pulse .... (7), (8), and (12).
EHF:
6 mm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test, pulse .... (7), (8), and (12).
2.5 mm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test, pulse .... (7), (8), and (12).
1mm Entire band ................. MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test, pulse .... (7), (8), and (12).
— Above 300 GHz ......... MCW, phone, image, RTTY, data, SS, test, pulse .... (7), (8), and (12).
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989; 54 FR 39536, Sept. 27, 1989; 55 FR 22013, May 30, 1990, as amended
at 55 FR 30457, July 26, 1990; 60 FR 15688, Mar. 27, 1995; 64 FR 51471, Sept. 23, 1999; 71 FR 66465,
Nov. 15, 2006]
§ 97.307 Emission standards. (c) All spurious emissions from a sta-

tion transmitter must be reduced to
(a) No amateur station transmission
the greatest extent practicable. If any
shall occupy more bandwidth than nec- spurious emission, including chassis or
essary for the information rate and power line radiation, causes harmful
emission type being transmitted, in ac- interference to the reception of an-
cordance with good amateur practice. other radio station, the licensee of the
(b) Emissions resulting from modula- interfering amateur station is required
tion must be confined to the band or to take steps to eliminate the inter-
segment available to the control oper- ference, in accordance with good engi-
ator. Emissions outside the necessary neering practice.
bandwidth must not cause splatter or (d) For transmitters installed after
keyclick interference to operations on January 1, 2003, the mean power of any

adjacent frequencies. spurious emission from a station trans-
mitter or external RF power amplifier
612
transmitting on a frequency below 30 (4) Only a RTTY or data emission

MHz must be at least 43 dB below the using a specified digital code listed in
mean power of the fundamental emis- § 97.309(a) of this part may be trans-
sion. For transmitters installed on or mitted. The symbol rate must not ex-
before January 1, 2003, the mean power ceed 1200 bauds, or for frequency-shift
of any spurious emission from a station keying, the frequency shift between
transmitter or external RF power am- mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz.
plifier transmitting on a frequency (5) A RTTY, data or multiplexed
below 30 MHz must not exceed 50 mW emission using a specified digital code
and must be at least 40 dB below the listed in § 97.309(a) of this part may be
mean power of the fundamental emis- transmitted. The symbol rate must not
sion. For a transmitter of mean power exceed 19.6 kilobauds. A RTTY, data or
less than 5 W installed on or before multiplexed emission using an unspec-
January 1, 2003, the attenuation must ified digital code under the limitations
be at least 30 dB. A transmitter built listed in § 97.309(b) of this part also may
before April 15, 1977, or first marketed be transmitted. The authorized band-
before January 1, 1978, is exempt from width is 20 kHz.
this requirement. (6) A RTTY, data or multiplexed
(e) The mean power of any spurious emission using a specified digital code
emission from a station transmitter or listed in § 97.309(a) of this part may be
external RF power amplifier transmit- transmitted. The symbol rate must not
ting on a frequency between 30–225 MHz exceed 56 kilobauds. A RTTY, data or
must be at least 60 dB below the mean multiplexed emission using an unspec-
power of the fundamental. For a trans- ified digital code under the limitations
mitter having a mean power of 25 W or listed in § 97.309(b) of this part also may
less, the mean power of any spurious be transmitted. The authorized band-
emission supplied to the antenna trans- width is 100 kHz.
mission line must not exceed 25 μW and (7) A RTTY, data or multiplexed
must be at least 40 dB below the mean emission using a specified digital code
power of the fundamental emission, but listed in § 97.309(a) of this part or an un-
need not be reduced below the power of specified digital code under the limita-
10 μW. A transmitter built before April tions listed in § 97.309(b) of this part
15, 1977, or first marketed before Janu- may be transmitted.
ary 1, 1978, is exempt from this require- (8) A RTTY or data emission having
ment. designators with A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H,
(f) The following standards and limi- J or R as the first symbol; 1, 2, 7 or 9
tations apply to transmissions on the as the second symbol; and D or W as
frequencies specified in § 97.305(c) of the third symbol is also authorized.
this part. (9) A station having a control oper-
(1) No angle-modulated emission may ator holding a Novice or Technician
have a modulation index greater than 1 Class operator license may only trans-
at the highest modulation frequency. mit a CW emission using the inter-
(2) No non-phone emission shall ex- national Morse code.
ceed the bandwidth of a communica- (10) A station having a control oper-
tions quality phone emission of the ator holding a Novice Class operator li-
same modulation type. The total band- cense or a Technician Class operator li-
width of an independent sideband emis- cense and who has received credit for
sion (having B as the first symbol), or proficiency in telegraphy in accordance
a multiplexed image and phone emis- with the international requirements
sion, shall not exceed that of a commu- may only transmit a CW emission
nications quality A3E emission. using the international Morse code or
(3) Only a RTTY or data emission phone emissions J3E and R3E.
using a specified digital code listed in (11) Phone and image emissions may
§ 97.309(a) of this part may be trans- be transmitted only by stations located
mitted. The symbol rate must not ex- in ITU Regions 1 and 3, and by stations
ceed 300 bauds, or for frequency-shift located within ITU Region 2 that are
keying, the frequency shift between west of 130° West longitude or south of
mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz. 20° North latitude.
613
§ 97.309 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(12) Emission F8E may be trans- (3) Maintain a record, convertible to

mitted. the original information, of all digital
(13) A data emission using an unspec- communications transmitted.
ified digital code under the limitations [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 54
listed in § 97.309(b) also may be trans- FR 39537, Sept. 27, 1989; 56 FR 56172, Nov. 1,
mitted. The authorized bandwidth is 1991; 60 FR 55486, Nov. 1, 1995; 71 FR 25982,
100 kHz. May 3, 2006; 71 FR 66465, Nov. 15, 2006]
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989; 54 FR 30823, July § 97.311 SS emission types.
24, 1989, as amended at 54 FR 39537, Sept. 27,
1989; 60 FR 15688, Mar. 27, 1995; 65 FR 6550, (a) SS emission transmissions by an
Feb. 10, 2000; 69 FR 24997, May 5, 2004] amateur station are authorized only
for communications between points
§ 97.309 RTTY and data emission within areas where the amateur service
codes. is regulated by the FCC and between an
(a) Where authorized by §§ 97.305(c) area where the amateur service is regu-
and 97.307(f) of the part, an amateur lated by the FCC and an amateur sta-
station may transmit a RTTY or data tion in another country that permits
emission using the following specified such communications. SS emission
transmissions must not be used for the
digital codes:
purpose of obscuring the meaning of
(1) The 5-unit, start-stop, Inter-
any communication.
national Telegraph Alphabet No. 2,
(b) A station transmitting SS emis-
code defined in ITU–T Recommenda- sions must not cause harmful inter-
tion F.1, Division C (commonly known ference to stations employing other au-
as ‘‘Baudot’’). thorized emissions, and must accept all
(2) The 7-unit code specified in ITU–R interference caused by stations em-
Recommendations M.476–5 and M.625–3 ploying other authorized emissions.
(commonly known as ‘‘AMTOR’’). (c) When deemed necessary by a Dis-
(3) The 7-unit, International Alpha- trict Director to assure compliance
bet No. 5, code defined in IT–-T Rec- with this part, a station licensee must:
ommendation T.50 (commonly known (1) Cease SS emission transmissions;
as ‘‘ASCII’’). (2) Restrict SS emission trans-
(4) An amateur station transmitting missions to the extent instructed; and
a RTTY or data emission using a dig- (3) Maintain a record, convertible to
ital code specified in this paragraph the original information (voice, text,
may use any technique whose technical image, etc.) of all spread spectrum
characteristics have been documented communications transmitted.
publicly, such as CLOVER, G-TOR, or (d) The transmitter power must not
PacTOR, for the purpose of facilitating exceed 100 W under any circumstances.
communications. If more than 1 W is used, automatic
(b) Where authorized by §§ 97.305(c) transmitter control shall limit output
and 97.307(f) of this part, a station may power to that which is required for the
transmit a RTTY or data emission communication. This shall be deter-
using an unspecified digital code, ex- mined by the use of the ratio, meas-
cept to a station in a country with ured at the receiver, of the received en-
which the United States does not have ergy per user data bit (Eb) to the sum
an agreement permitting the code to be of the received power spectral densities
used. RTTY and data emissions using of noise (N0) and co-channel inter-
unspecified digital codes must not be ference (I0). Average transmitter power
transmitted for the purpose of obscur- over 1 W shall be automatically ad-
ing the meaning of any communica- justed to maintain an Eb/ (N0 + I0) ratio
tion. When deemed necessary by a Dis- of no more than 23 dB at the intended
trict Director to assure compliance receiver.
with the FCC Rules, a station must: [64 FR 51471, Sept. 23, 1999]
(1) Cease the transmission using the
unspecified digital code; § 97.313 Transmitter power standards.

(2) Restrict transmissions of any dig- (a) An amateur station must use the
ital code to the extent instructed; minimum transmitter power necessary
614
to carry out the desired communica- (h) No station may transmit with a
tions. transmitter power exceeding 50 W PEP
(b) No station may transmit with a on the 219–220 MHz segment of the 1.25
transmitter power exceeding 1.5 kW m band.
PEP.
(c) No station may transmit with a FR 37161, Aug. 5, 1991; 56 FR 3043, Jan. 28,
transmitter power exceeding 200 W 1991; 60 FR 15688, Mar. 27, 1995; 65 FR 6550,
PEP: Feb. 10, 2000; 71 FR 66465, Nov. 15, 2006]
(1) On the 10.10–10.15 MHz segment;
(2) When the control operator is a § 97.315 Certification of external RF
Novice Class operator or a Technician power amplifiers.
Class operator who has received credit (a) Any external RF power amplifier
for proficiency in telegraphy in accord- (see § 2.815 of the FCC Rules) manufac-
ance with the international require- tured or imported for use at an ama-
ments; or teur radio station must be certificated
(3) The 7.050-7.075 MHz segment when for use in the amateur service in ac-
the station is within ITU Regions 1 or cordance with subpart J of part 2 of the
3. FCC Rules. No amplifier capable of op-
(d) No station may transmit with a eration below 144 MHz may be con-
transmitter power exceeding 25 W PEP structed or modified by a non-amateur
on the VHF 1.25 m band when the con- service licensee without a grant of cer-
trol operator is a Novice operator. tification from the FCC.
(e) No station may transmit with a (b) The requirement of paragraph (a)
transmitter power exceeding 5 W PEP does not apply if one or more of the fol-
on the UHF 23 cm band when the con- lowing conditions are met:
trol operator is a Novice operator. (1) The amplifier is constructed or
(f) No station may transmit with a modified by an amateur radio operator
transmitter power exceeding 50 W PEP for use at an amateur station.
on the UHF 70 cm band from an area (2) The amplifier was manufactured
specified in footnote US7 to § 2.106 of before April 28, 1978, and has been
part 2, unless expressly authorized by issued a marketing waiver by the FCC,
the FCC after mutual agreement, on a or the amplifier was purchased before
case-by-case basis, between the Dis- April 28, 1978, by an amateur radio op-
trict Director of the applicable field fa- erator for use at that operator’s sta-
cility and the military area frequency tion.
coordinator at the applicable military (3) The amplifier is sold to an ama-
base. An Earth station or telecommand teur radio operator or to a dealer, the
station, however, may transmit on the amplifier is purchased in used condi-
435–438 MHz segment with a maximum tion by a dealer, or the amplifier is
of 611 W effective radiated power (1 kW sold to an amateur radio operator for
equivalent isotropically radiated use at that operator’s station.
power) without the authorization oth- (c) Any external RF power amplifier
erwise required. The transmitting an- appearing in the Commission’s data-
tenna elevation angle between the base as certificated for use in the ama-
lower half-power (¥3 dB relative to the teur service may be marketed for use
peak or antenna bore sight) point and in the amateur service.
the horizon must always be greater
than 10°. [71 FR 66465, Nov. 15, 2006]
(g) No station may transmit with a
transmitter power exceeding 50 W PEP § 97.317 Standards for certification of
on the 33 cm band from within 241 km external RF power amplifiers.
of the boundaries of the White Sands (a) To receive a grant of certifi-
Missile Range. Its boundaries are those cation, the amplifier must:
portions of Texas and New Mexico (1) Satisfy the spurious emission
bounded on the south by latitude 31°41′ standards of § 97.307 (d) or (e) of this
North, on the east by longitude 104°11′ part, as applicable, when the amplifier
West, on the north by latitude 34°30′ is operated at the lesser of 1.5 kW PEP
North, and on the west by longitude or its full output power and when the
107°30′ West. amplifier is placed in the ‘‘standby’’ or
615
§ 97.401 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
‘‘off’’ positions while connected to the distress of any means at its disposal to
transmitter. attract attention, make known its con-
(2) Not be capable of amplifying the dition and location, and obtain assist-
input RF power (driving signal) by ance.
more than 15 dB gain. Gain is defined (b) No provision of these rules pre-
as the ratio of the input RF power to vents the use by a station, in the ex-
the output RF power of the amplifier ceptional circumstances described in
where both power measurements are paragraph (a) of this section, of any
expressed in peak envelope power or means of radiocommunications at its
mean power.
disposal to assist a station in distress.
(3) Exhibit no amplification (0 dB
gain) between 26 MHz and 28 MHz. § 97.407 Radio amateur civil emer-
(b) Certification shall be denied gency service.
when:
(1) The Commission determines the (a) No station may transmit in
amplifier can be used in services other RACES unless it is an FCC-licensed
than the Amateur Radio Service, or primary, club, or military recreation
(2) The amplifier can be easily modi- station and it is certified by a civil de-
fied to operate on frequencies between fense organization as registered with
26 MHz and 28 MHz. that organization, or it is an FCC-li-
censed RACES station. No person may
[71 FR 66465, Nov. 15, 2006]
be the control operator of a RACES
station, or may be the control operator
Subpart E—Providing Emergency of an amateur station transmitting in
Communications RACES unless that person holds a FCC-
§ 97.401 Operation during a disaster. issued amateur operator license and is
certified by a civil defense organization
A station in, or within 92.6 km (50 as enrolled in that organization.
nautical miles) of, Alaska may trans- (b) The frequency bands and seg-
mit emissions J3E and R3E on the ments and emissions authorized to the
channel at 5.1675 MHz (assigned fre- control operator are available to sta-
quency 5.1689 MHz) for emergency com-
tions transmitting communications in
munications. The channel must be
RACES on a shared basis with the ama-
shared with stations licensed in the
teur service. In the event of an emer-
Alaska-Private Fixed Service. The
gency which necessitates invoking the
transmitter power must not exceed 150
President’s War Emergency Powers
W PEP. A station in, or within 92.6 km
of, Alaska may transmit communica- under the provisions of section 706 of
tions for tests and training drills nec- the Communications Act of 1934, as
essary to ensure the establishment, op- amended, 47 U.S.C. 606, RACES stations
eration, and maintenance of emergency and amateur stations participating in
communication systems. RACES may only transmit on the fre-
quency segments authorized pursuant
[71 FR 66465, Nov. 15, 2006] to part 214 of this chapter.
§ 97.403 Safety of life and protection of (c) A RACES station may only com-
property. municate with:
(1) Another RACES station;
No provision of these rules prevents
the use by an amateur station of any (2) An amateur station registered
means of radiocommunication at its with a civil defense organization;
disposal to provide essential commu- (3) A United States Government sta-
nication needs in connection with the tion authorized by the responsible
immediate safety of human life and im- agency to communicate with RACES
mediate protection of property when stations;
normal communication systems are (4) A station in a service regulated by
not available. the FCC whenever such communication
is authorized by the FCC.
§ 97.405 Station in distress. (d) An amateur station registered

(a) No provision of these rules pre- with a civil defense organization may
vents the use by an amateur station in only communicate with:
616
(1) A RACES station licensed to the not to exceed 72 hours no more than
civil defense organization with which twice in any calendar year.
the amateur station is registered;
(2) The following stations upon au-
FR 6550, Feb. 10, 2000; 71 FR 66465, Nov. 15,
thorization of the responsible civil de- 2006]
fense official for the organization with
which the amateur station is reg-
istered: Subpart F—Qualifying Examination
(i) A RACES station licensed to an- Systems
other civil defense organization;
(ii) An amateur station registered § 97.501 Qualifying for an amateur op-
with the same or another civil defense erator license.
organization; Each applicant must pass an exam-
(iii) A United States Government sta- ination for a new amateur operator li-
tion authorized by the responsible cense grant and for each change in op-
agency to communicate with RACES erator class. Each applicant for the
stations; and class of operator license grant specified
(iv) A station in a service regulated below must pass, or otherwise receive
by the FCC whenever such communica- examination credit for, the following
tion is authorized by the FCC. examination elements:
(e) All communications transmitted
(a) Amateur Extra Class operator:
in RACES must be specifically author-
ized by the civil defense organization Elements 2, 3, and 4;
for the area served. Only civil defense (b) General Class operator: Elements
communications of the following types 2 and 3;
may be transmitted: (c) Technician Class operator: Ele-
(1) Messages concerning impending or ment 2.
actual conditions jeopardizing the pub- [65 FR 6550, Feb. 10, 2000, as amended at 72
lic safety, or affecting the national de- FR 3082, Jan. 24, 2007]
fense or security during periods of
local, regional, or national civil emer- § 97.503 Element standards.
gencies;
(2) Messages directly concerning the A written examination must be such
immediate safety of life of individuals, as to prove that the examinee possesses
the immediate protection of property, the operational and technical quali-
maintenance of law and order, allevi- fications required to perform properly
ation of human suffering and need, and the duties of an amateur service li-
the combating of armed attack or sabo- censee. Each written examination must
tage; be comprised of a question set as fol-
(3) Messages directly concerning the lows:
accumulation and dissemination of (a) Element 2: 35 questions con-
public information or instructions to cerning the privileges of a Technician
the civilian population essential to the Class operator license. The minimum
activities of the civil defense organiza- passing score is 26 questions answered
tion or other authorized governmental correctly.
or relief agencies; and (b) Element 3: 35 questions con-
(4) Communications for RACES cerning the privileges of a General
training drills and tests necessary to Class operator license. The minimum
ensure the establishment and mainte- passing score is 26 questions answered
nance of orderly and efficient oper- correctly.
ation of the RACES as ordered by the
(c) Element 4: 50 questions con-
responsible civil defense organization
cerning the privileges of an Amateur
served. Such drills and tests may not
exceed a total time of 1 hour per week. Extra Class operator license. The min-
With the approval of the chief officer imum passing score is 37 questions an-
for emergency planning in the applica- swered correctly.
ble State, Commonwealth, District or [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 61
territory, however, such tests and FR 41019, Aug. 7, 1996; 65 FR 6550, Feb. 10,
drills may be conducted for a period 2000; 72 FR 3082, Jan. 24, 2007]
617
§ 97.505 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
§ 97.505 Element credit. VEs according to instructions from the

coordinating VEC.
(a) The administering VEs must give
(d) A telegraphy examination must
credit as specified below to an exam-
consist of a message sent in the inter-
inee holding any of the following li-
national Morse code at no less than the
cense grants or license documents:
prescribed speed for a minimum of 5
(1) An unexpired (or expired but with-
minutes. The message must contain
in the grace period for renewal) FCC-
each required telegraphy character at
granted Advanced Class operator li-
least once. No message known to the
cense grant: Elements 2 and 3.
examinee may be administered in a te-
(2) An unexpired (or expired but with-
legraphy examination. Each 5 letters of
the alphabet must be counted as 1
granted General Class operator license
word. Each numeral, punctuation mark
grant: Elements 2 and 3.
and prosign must be counted as 2 let-
(3) An unexpired (or expired but with- ters of the alphabet.
granted Technician or Technician Plus [54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 58
Class operator (including a Technician FR 29126, May 19, 1993; 59 FR 54834, Nov. 2,
Class operator license granted before 1994; 65 FR 6551, Feb. 10, 2000; 69 FR 24997,
May 5, 2004]
February 14, 1991) license grant: Ele-
ment 2. § 97.509 Administering VE require-
(4) An expired FCC-issued Technician ments.
Class operator license document grant-
(a) Each examination for an amateur
ed before March 21, 1987; Element 3.
operator license must be administered
(5) A CSCE: Each element the CSCE
by a team of at least 3 VEs at an exam-
indicates the examinee passed within
ination session coordinated by a VEC.
the previous 365 days.
The number of examinees at the ses-
(b) No examination credit, except as
sion may be limited.
herein provided, shall be allowed on the (b) Each administering VE must:
basis of holding or having held any (1) Be accredited by the coordinating
other license grant or document. VEC;
[59 FR 54834, Nov. 2, 1994, as amended at 63 (2) Be at least 18 years of age;
FR 68980, Dec. 14, 1998; 65 FR 6551, Feb. 10, (3) Be a person who holds an amateur
2000; 69 FR 24997, May 5, 2004; 72 FR 3082, Jan. operator license of the class specified
24, 2007] below:
(i) Amateur Extra, Advanced or Gen-
§ 97.507 Preparing an examination.
eral Class in order to administer a
(a) Each telegraphy message and Technician Class operator license ex-
each written question set administered amination;
to an examinee must be prepared by a (ii) Amateur Extra or Advanced Class
VE holding an Amateur Extra Class op- in order to administer a General Class
erator license. A telegraphy message or operator license examination;
written question set may also be pre- (iii) Amateur Extra Class in order to
pared for the following elements by a administer an Amateur Extra Class op-
VE holding an operator license of the erator license examination.
class indicated: (4) Not be a person whose grant of an
(1) Element 3: Advanced Class oper- amateur station license or amateur op-
ator. erator license has ever been revoked or
(2) Elements 1 and 2: Advanced or suspended.
General Class operators. (c) Each administering VE must be
(b) Each question set administered to present and observing the examinee
an examinee must utilize questions throughout the entire examination.
taken from the applicable question The administering VEs are responsible
pool. for the proper conduct and necessary
(c) Each telegraphy message and each supervision of each examination. The
written question set administered to administering VEs must immediately
an examinee for an amateur operator terminate the examination upon fail-

license must be prepared, or obtained ure of the examinee to comply with
from a supplier, by the administering their instructions.
618
(d) No VE may administer an exam- ical disabilities require a special exam-

ination to his or her spouse, children, ination procedure. The administering
grandchildren, stepchildren, parents, VEs may require a physician’s certifi-
grandparents, stepparents, brothers, cation indicating the nature of the dis-
sisters, stepbrothers, stepsisters, aunts, ability before determining which, if
uncles, nieces, nephews, and in-laws. any, special procedures must be used.
(e) No VE may administer or certify (l) The administering VEs must issue
any examination by fraudulent means a CSCE to an examinee who scores a
or for monetary or other consideration passsing grade on an examination ele-
including reimbursement in any ment.
amount in excess of that permitted. (m) After the administration of a
Violation of this provision may result successful examination for an amateur
in the revocation of the grant of the operator license, the administering
VE’s amateur station license and the VEs must submit the application docu-
suspension of the grant of the VE’s ment to the coordinating VEC accord-
amateur operator license. ing to the coordinating VEC’s instruc-
(f) No examination that has been tions.
compromised shall be administered to
[59 FR 54834, Nov. 2, 1994, as amended at 61
any examinee. Neither the same teleg- FR 9953, Mar. 12, 1996; 62 FR 17567, Apr. 10,
raphy message nor the same question 1997; 63 FR 68980, Dec. 14, 1998; 65 FR 6551,
set may be re-administered to the same Feb. 10, 2000; 71 FR 66465, Nov. 15, 2006]
examinee.
(g) Passing a telegraphy receiving ex- § 97.511 Examinee conduct.
amination is adequate proof of an Each examinee must comply with the
examinee’s ability to both send and re- instructions given by the admin-
ceive telegraphy. The administering istering VEs.
VEs, however, may also include a send-
ing segment in a telegraphy examina- [59 FR 54835, Nov. 2, 1994]
tion.
§ 97.513 VE session manager require-
(h) Upon completion of each exam- ments.
ination element, the administering
VEs must immediately grade the (a) A VE session manager may be se-
examinee’s answers. The administering lected by the VE team for each exam-
VEs are responsible for determining ination session. The VE session man-
the correctness of the examinee’s an- ager must be accredited as a VE by the
swers. same VEC that coordinates the exam-
(i) When the examinee is credited for ination session. The VE session man-
all examination elements required for ager may serve concurrently as an ad-
the operator license sought, 3 VEs ministering VE.
must certify that the examinee is (b) The VE session manager may
qualified for the license grant and that carry on liaison between the VE team
the VEs have complied with these ad- and the coordinating VEC.
ministering VE requirements. The cer- (c) The VE session manager may or-
tifying VEs are jointly and individ- ganize activities at an examination
ually accountable for the proper ad- session.
ministration of each examination ele- [62 FR 17567, Apr. 10, 1997]
ment reported. The certifying VEs may
delegate to other qualified VEs their §§ 97.515–97.517 [Reserved]
authority, but not their account-
ability, to administer individual ele- § 97.519 Coordinating examination ses-
ments of an examination. sions.
(j) When the examinee does not score (a) A VEC must coordinate the ef-
a passing grade on an examination ele- forts of VEs in preparing and admin-
ment, the administering VEs must re- istering examinations.
turn the application document to the (b) At the completion of each exam-
examinee and inform the examinee of ination session, the coordinating VEC
the grade. must collect applicant information and

(k) The administering VEs must ac- test results from the administering
commodate an examinee whose phys- VEs. The coordinating VEC must:
619
§ 97.521 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(1) Screen collected information; regard to race, sex, religion, national

(2) Resolve all discrepancies and origin or membership (or lack thereof)
verify that the VE’s certifications are in any amateur service organization;
properly completed; and
(3) For qualified examinees, forward
FR 29127, May 19, 1993; 61 FR 9953, Mar. 12,
electronically all required data to the 1996]
FCC. All data forwarded must be re-
tained for at least 15 months and must § 97.523 Question pools.
be made available to the FCC upon re-
quest. All VECs must cooperate in main-
(c) Each VEC must make any exam- taining one question pool for each writ-
ination records available to the FCC, ten examination element. Each ques-
upon request tion pool must contain at least 10
(d) The FCC may: times the number of questions required
(1) Administer any examination ele- for a single examination. Each ques-
ment itself; tion pool must be published and made
(2) Readminister any examination available to the public prior to its use
element previously administered by for making a question set. Each ques-
VEs, either itself or under the super- tion on each VEC question pool must
vision of a VEC or VEs designated by be prepared by a VE holding the re-
the FCC; or quired FCC-issued operator license. See
(3) Cancel the operator/primary sta- § 97.507(a) of this part.
tion license of any licensee who fails to
appear for readministration of an ex- § 97.525 Accrediting VEs.
amination when directed by the FCC, (a) No VEC may accredit a person as
or who does not successfully complete a VE if:
any required element that is re- (1) The person does not meet min-
administered. In an instancce of such imum VE statutory qualifications or
cancellation, the person will be granted minimum qualifications as prescribed
an operator/primary station license by this part;
consistent with completed examination (2) The FCC does not accept the vol-
elements that have not been invali- untary and uncompensated services of
dated by not appearing for, or by fail- the person;
ing, the examination upon readminis- (3) The VEC determines that the per-
tration. son is not competent to perform the
[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 59 VE functions; or
FR 54835, Nov. 2, 1994; 62 FR 17567, Apr. 10, (4) The VEC determines that ques-
1997; 63 FR 68981, Dec. 14, 1998; 71 FR 66465, tions of the person’s integrity or hon-
Nov. 15, 2006] esty could compromise the examina-
tions.
§ 97.521 VEC qualifications.
(b) Each VEC must seek a broad rep-
No organization may serve as a VEC resentation of amateur operators to be
unless it has entered into a written VEs. No VEC may discriminate in ac-
agreement with the FCC. The VEC crediting VEs on the basis of race, sex,
must abide by the terms of the agree- religion or national origin; nor on the
ment. In order to be eligible to be a basis of membership (or lack thereof)
VEC, the entity must: in an amateur service organization; nor
(a) Be an organization that exists for on the basis of the person accepting or
the purpose of furthering the amateur declining to accept reimbursement.
service;
(b) Be capable of serving as a VEC in § 97.527 Reimbursement for expenses.
at least the VEC region (see appendix
VEs and VECs may be reimbursed by
2) proposed;
examinees for out-of-pocket expenses
(c) Agree to coordinate examinations
incurred in preparing, processing, ad-
for any class of amateur operator li-
ministering, or coordinating an exam-
cense;
ination for an amateur operator li-

(d) Agree to assure that, for any ex-
cense.
amination, every examinee qualified
under these rules is registered without [66 FR 20752, Apr. 25, 2001]
620
Federal Communications Commission Pt. 101
APPENDIX 1 TO PART 97—PLACES WHERE 101.23 Waiver of rules.

THE AMATEUR SERVICE IS REGU- 101.31 Temporary and conditional author-
LATED BY THE FCC izations.
In ITU Region 2, the amateur service is PROCESSING OF APPLICATIONS

regulated by the FCC within the territorial 101.45 Mutually exclusive applications.
limits of the 50 United States, District of Co- 101.51 Comparative evaluation of mutually
lumbia, Caribbean Insular areas [Common- exclusive applications.
wealth of Puerto Rico, United States Virgin
Islands (50 islets and cays) and Navassa Is- LICENSE TRANSFERS, MODIFICATIONS,
land], and Johnston Island (Islets East, CONDITIONS AND FORFEITURES
Johnston, North and Sand) and Midway Is- 101.55 Considerations involving transfer or
land (Islets Eastern and Sand) in the Pacific assignment applications.
Insular areas. 101.56 Partitioned service areas (PSAs) and
In ITU Region 3, the amateur service is disaggregated spectrum.
regulated by the FCC within the Pacific In- 101.61 Certain modifications not requiring
sular territorial limits of American Samoa prior authorization in the Local
(seven islands), Baker Island, Common- Multipoint Distribution Service and 24
wealth of Northern Mariana Islands, Guam GHz Service.
Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, King- 101.63 Period of construction; certification
man Reef, Palmyra Island (more than 50 is- of completion of construction.
lets) and Wake Island (Islets Peale, Wake 101.64 Service areas.
and Wilkes). 101.65 Forfeiture and termination of station
authorizations.
APPENDIX 2 TO PART 97—VEC REGIONS 101.67 License period.
1. Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New POLICIES GOVERNING MICROWAVE RELOCATION
Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. FROM THE 1850–1990 AND 2110–2200 MHZ BANDS
2. New Jersey and New York.
3. Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland 101.69 Transition of the 1850–1990 MHz, 2110–
and Pennsylvania. 2150 MHz, and 2160–2200 MHz bands from
4. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, the fixed microwave services to personal
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee communications services and emerging
and Virginia. technologies.
5. Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New 101.71 [Reserved]
Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. 101.73 Mandatory negotiations.
6. California. 101.75 Involuntary relocation procedures.
7. Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, 101.77 Public safety licensees in the 1850–
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. 1990 MHz, 2110–2150 MHz, and 2160–2200
8. Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia. MHz bands.
9. Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin. 101.79 Sunset provisions for licensees in the
10. Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Mis- 1850–1990 MHz, 2110–2150 MHz, and 2160–
souri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South 2200 MHz bands.
Dakota. 101.81 Future licensing in the 1850–1990 MHz,
11. Alaska. 2110–2150 MHz, and 2160–2200 MHz bands.
12. Caribbean Insular areas. 101.82 Reimbursement and relocation ex-
13. Hawaii and Pacific Insular areas. penses in the 2110–2150 MHz and 2160–2200
MHz bands.
PART 101—FIXED MICROWAVE POLICIES GOVERNING FIXED SERVICE
SERVICES RELOCATION FROM THE 18.58–19.30 GHZ BAND
101.83 Modification of station license.
Subpart A—General 101.85 Transition of the 18.58–19.3 GHz band
from the terrestrial fixed services to the
Sec.
fixed-satellite service (FSS).
101.1 Scope and authority.
101.89 Negotiations.
101.3 Definitions.
101.91 Involuntary relocation procedures.
101.95 Sunset provisions for licensees in the
Subpart B—Applications and Licenses 18.58–19.30 GHz band.
GENERAL FILING REQUIREMENTS 101.97 Future licensing in the 18.58–19.30
GHz band.
101.4 Transition plan.
101.5 Station authorization required. Subpart C—Technical Standards
101.7 Eligibility for station license.
101.17 Performance requirements for the 101.101 Frequency availability.

38.6–40.0 GHz frequency band. 101.103 Frequency coordination procedures.
101.21 Technical content of applications. 101.105 Interference protection criteria.
621

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Pt. 97 47 CFR Ch.

(b) Except as provided in paragraph associated with RSUs are governed by

to the advancement of the radio art. poses of observation of propagation and

(10) Broadcasting. Transmissions in- (16) Earth station. An amateur station

performed. running by great circle arc to the

of 95° W, thence by great circle arc (39) Repeater. An amateur station

(7) RF. Radio frequency. tive calling or alerting or to control

procedure, or for providing telegraphy States.

(1) An operator/primary station li- (d) A CEPT radio-amateur license is

tails.) teur service license grant by fraudulent

ever is sooner. cense trustee name or license custo-

emergency communications, except to or bilateral reciprocal operating ar-

may be locally controlled. one-way communications:

(2) Brief transmissions necessary to rectly related to the immediate safety

tivity related to program production or amateur radio communications.

may automatically retransmit the in the station identification procedure

mark. If an indicator is self-assigned, it nearly as possible by city and state,

during each intercommunication, the interference unless one station’s oper-

Limiting the use of a repeater to only § 97.207 Space station.

missions. When termination of trans-

hours after termination of trans- § 97.213 Telecommand of an amateur

[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989, as amended at 54 Telemetry transmitted by an ama-

codes or ciphers intended to obscure tion, a repeater station, an earth sta-

VHF MHz MHz MHz

6 m ............................. ................................... 50–54 ........................ 50–54 ........................ (a)

UHF MHz MHz MHz

33 cm ......................... ................................... 902–928 .................... ................................... (a), (b), (g)

SHF GHz GHz GHz

EHF GHz GHz GHz

6 mm .......................... 47.0–47.2 .................. 47.0–47.2 .................. 47.0–47.2

MF kHz kHz kHz

HF MHz MHz MHz

80 m ............................................................ 3.50–3.60 .......... 3.50–3.60 .......... 3.50–3.60 .......... (a)

MF kHz kHz kHz

HF MHz MHz MHz

80 m ............................................................ 3.525–3.60 ........ 3.525–3.60 ........ 3.525–3.60 ........ (a)

MF kHz kHz kHz

HF MHz MHz MHz

80 m ........................... 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ (a)

HF MHz MHz MHz

80 m ........................... 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ 3.525–3.60 ................ (a)

VHF MHz MHz MHz

1.25 m ........................ ................................... 222–225 .................... ................................... (a)

UHF MHz MHz MHz

23 cm ......................... 1270–1295 ................ 1270–1295 ................ 1270–1295 ................ (h), (i)

[54 FR 25857, June 20, 1989; 54 FR 39535, Sept. 27, 1989]

§ 97.303 Frequency sharing require- Rules, United States Table of Frequency

ference from, stations in a primary Regions. (See ITU Radio Regulations,

(b) No amateur station transmitting be given to: The American Radio

service. within the band.

harmful interference to stations in the eration of industrial, scientific and

(3) No amateur station transmitting (q) No amateur station transmitting

to the operation of industrial, sci- services on a co-primary basis in Re-

clusive basis in Region 2. Until March standards specified in § 97.307(f) of this

Wavelength Standards see § 97.307(f), para-

§ 97.307 Emission standards. (c) All spurious emissions from a sta-

keyclick interference to operations on January 1, 2003, the mean power of any

transmitting on a frequency below 30 (4) Only a RTTY or data emission

(12) Emission F8E may be trans- (3) Maintain a record, convertible to

unspecified digital code; § 97.313 Transmitter power standards.

§ 97.405 Station in distress. (d) An amateur station registered

§ 97.505 Element credit. VEs according to instructions from the