Each feeder disconnect rated 1000 amperes or more and installed on solidly grounded wye electrical systems of

more than 150 volts to ground, but not exceeding 600 volts phase-to phase, shall be provided with ground-fault
protection of equipment

A rating of any one cord-and-plug-connected utilization equipment shall not exceed 80 percent of the branch-
circuit ampere rating.

NEC requirements establish the maximum current setting of the ground-fault device at 1200 A and, in addition,
limit the maximum time delay to 1 s for fault currents equal to or greater than 3000 A.

Ground-fault currents of over 3 A to 4 A are likely to ignite organic insulation in the arc path within a few
minutes, developing a local fire and subsequent phase-to-phase fault, with extensive damage.

The electrical arcs evolve when the fault current-loop impedance is greater than 0.6 Ω and exist only when an insulation fault
occurs. Some tests have shown that a 300 mA fault current can induce a real risk of fire.

NFPA 70
Supervised Industrial Installation. For the purposes of Part VIII, the industrial portions of a facility where all of the
following conditions are met:

(1) Conditions of maintenance and engineering supervision ensure that only qualified persons monitor and service
the system.

(2) The premises wiring system has 2500 kVA or greater of load used in industrial process(es), manufacturing
activities, or both, as calculated in accordance with Article 220.

(3) The premises has at least one service or feeder that is more than 150 volts to ground and more than 300 volts
phase-to-phase.

This definition excludes installations in buildings used by the industrial facility for offices, warehouses, garages,
machine shops, and recreational facilities that are not an integral part of the industrial plant, substation, or control
center.

IS 1646

All electrical plug sockets more than 5A shall be of metal clad 3pin separately controlled by a switch
adjacent to the socket.

IS 7689

To retain charge on a conductor it has to be insulated from other conductors and from earth by means of
a non-conductor. It is shown in 15.2 that to retain a significant electrostatic charge a resistance to earth in
excess of l.MQ is required.
7 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES
Charge retained on a liquid or a solid creates a hazard only if it is discharged to another body or,
more usually, to earth.
7.1 Sparks
A spark is a discharge between liquid or solid conductors. It is characterized by a well defined luminous
discharge channel carrying a high density current. Ionization of gas in the channel is complete over its
whole length. The discharge is very rapid and gives rise to a sharp crack.
9 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES
9.1 The smallest spark energy that a person can feel when a discharge occurs to or from his body is
about 1 mJ, that is, potential of about 2.5 kV if his capacitance is 300 pF. As the potential is increased,
variations in response are observed. Some people find 10 mJ uncomfortable due to muscular
contraction, whereas others can accept several hundred millijoules before they experience sharp
muscular contraction. 1 000 mJ, ( that is 1 J ), affects everybody severaly. In incidents in which
people have been rendered unconscious the energy of the discharge was estimated to be several joules.
Since in most situations discharge energies are below 100 mJ serious physiological shock is very
rare. There are exceptions; for example, a discharge to a person due to highly charged particulate
matter collected in a non-conducting container can be as much as several joules (see 12.2.3).
Irrespective of whether the shock itself is harmful, the involuntary muscular reaction to a discharge
may cause an accident through, for example, the dropping of a tool or by precipitating a fall.