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PROCESS
Submitted By:
Priyank Das
Payal Dudani
Nisha Purushothaman
Ami Shah
Ruchi Shah
CONTROL
Control is the process of ensuring that actual activities conform to planned activities.
• The control process is cyclical which means it is never finished. Controlling leads to
identification of new problems that in turn need to be addressed through
establishment of performance standards, measuring performance etc.
• Employees often view controlling negatively. By its very nature, controlling often
leads to management expecting employee behavior to change. No matter how positive
the changes may be for the organization, employees may still view them negatively.
• Control is both anticipatory and retrospective. The process anticipates problems and
takes preventive action. With corrective action, the process also follows up on
problems.
• As per various surveys carried out during 1980s, the prevalence of tobacco
use among men above 15 years of age varied between 46% and 63% in
urban areas and between 32% and 74% in rural areas. Among women
it varied between 2% and 16% in urban areas and between 20% and
50% in rural areas.
• A survey in Mumbai city showed the prevalence of tobacco use to be 69.3%
among men over 35 years of age and 57.5% among women above 35 years.
• A large survey in 2001 showed that the prevalence of current tobacco use
above 10 years of age in Uttar Pradesh was 50.0% among men & 9.1%
among women; whereas the prevalence in Karnataka was 41.0% among men
& 14.9% among women.
• The second and the most recent nationwide survey (carried out from
July 1993 to June 1994) revealed that 23.2% males (any age) and
4.0% females (any age) consumed tobacco in any form in urban
areas.
• In rural areas the prevalence of tobacco use in any form
was 33.6% among males and 8.8% among females. It is
estimated that in 1996, 184 million persons (150 million males and 34
million females) in India used tobacco. It has also been estimated
that about 112 million persons smoked tobacco, while 96 million used
it in smokeless form.