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3. Chance of success.
Abetment (s.107)
(ii) must prove pre-arranged plan, not mens rea. Must prove participation
(active/passive- Barendrar Kumar Ghosh) and presence,too.
S.114 of the PC
If absent = abettor,
A: Will not
(i) instigate
( ii) conspiracy
(iii) aiding
intention or knowledge
PP must prove:
When the parties are not in the presence of each other, using instantaneous
mode of communication can give instigation . By means of ordinary letter
guane pulok?