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RM14
Agenda
f Overview of the requirements types
f Traceability between requirements
f Actors and Use Cases
f How to create Test Cases from Use Cases
f Mapping to RUP
f Conclusions
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What is a requirement?
f A requirement is defined as "a condition or capability to
which a system must conform"
A capability needed by a customer or user to solve a problem or
achieve an objective
A capability that must be met or possessed by a system to satisfy a
contract, standard, specification, regulation or other formally
imposed document
A restriction imposed by a stakeholder
Requirements pyramid
Needs
Features
Scenarios
Test Cases
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Agenda
What is traceability?
f A technique used to provide relationships between
requirements, design and implementation of a system in
order to manage the effect of change and ensure the
success of the delivered systems
f The ability to describe and follow the life of a requirement,
in both a forward and backward direction
f A technique allowing to determine the origins of any
requirement
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Traceability of requirements
Needs
Features
Scenarios
Test Cases
Role of traceability
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Agenda
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f Address functionality
f Briefness in narrative
f Communicate effectively
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Canc el an order
Check order status
Place an order
Customer
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A2 – invalid password
No
Is password
correct?
Yes
User enters
search criteria
No System displays
A3 – no books found
Is there at least
one selection? notification
Yes
User selects a
No
title
A4 – declining a book
Does user want to
buy this book?
Yes
System displays
Shopping cart
A5 – continue shopping
Yes
Does user want to
continue shopping?
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No
Is shipping address the User enters new address
same as in previous order?
A6 – new address Yes
User confirms
address
User selects
shipping options
Yes
User confirms
the card
System returns
confirmation number
Agenda
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What is a Scenario?
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A1
A3
A2
A4
Description of Scenario
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Infinite loops
A1
SC2 – A1 Is password
correct?
No
A2 – invalid password
Yes
User enters
search criteria
A3 – no books found
System presents list of
selections
Yes
A5 – continue shopping
Shopping cart
A6 – new address
same as in previous order? address
User confirms
address
User selects
SC10 – A1, A2
shipping options
User confirms
t he card
A7 – new credit card
SC12 – A4, A5 Does user want to Yes User cancels
order
cancel the order?
No
SC14 – A6, A7
SC15 – A7, A8
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f Search criteria
1 element returned
many elements
no elements
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R R
E E R
5
1 5 E
F 3
50 6 1
L
2
51 10 300
1
L 11 301
I L
R R
R
5
1
F 3
50 6 1
L
2
10 300
1
Test Case 1
Test Case 2
Test Case 3
Test Case 4
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Traceability matrix
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Traceability tree
Traceability tree
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Traceability tree
Traceability tree
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Suspect relationships
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Agenda
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Agenda
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Literature
f Jim Heumann, "From Use Cases to Test Cases - Ensuring
Quality from the Beginning." RUC 2001.
f Jim Heumann, "Using Use Cases to Create Test Cases."
The Rational Edge, June 2001.
f Dean Leffingwell and Don Widrig, “Managing Software
Requirements: A Unified Approach”. Addison-Wesley,
1999.
f Dean Leffingwell and Don Widrig, “The Role of
Requirements Traceability in System Development”,
The Rational Edge, September 2002.
f Rational Unified Process. Rational Software Corporation,
2001.
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