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Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of scientific inquiry concerned with designing
machine systems that can simulate human mental processes. The field draws upon
theoretical constructs from a wide variety of disciplines, including mathematics,
psychology, linguistics, neurophysiology, computer science, and electronic engineering.
Some of the most promising developments to come out of recent AI research are "expert"
systems or computer programs that simulate the problem-solving techniques of human
experts in a particular domain.
The first presents an example of interaction with an expert system; the second lists major
systems that are currently in use or under development in the categories of
bioengineering, chemistry, computer hardware, computer software, education,
engineering, general purpose systems and artificial intelligence utilities, law,
manufacturing and industry, mathematics, medicine, the military, and resource
exploration.
1. Introduction:
In 1941, the most intelligent machine was an invention in the form of the electronic
computer. Who would have thought 60 years from then that the same computer would be
perfected beyond leaps and bounds and be used to control other machines, as well as be
part of day to day living? In 1956, John McCarthy, considered the father of Artificial
Intelligence, organized a conference where intellectuals gathered to learn of this
phenomenon. This laid the foundation for the advancements in artificial intelligence
today.
Today artificial intelligence is used in our homes and sophisticated establishments such
as military bases and the NASA space station. NASA has even sent out artificially
intelligent robots to grace some planets and to learn more about their atmosphere and
habitat, the intention being to investigate if there is a possibility of humans living on
other planets.
Expert systems fall into a number of major categories (not exclusive) described
below. There are many applications not covered , and some manufacturers and
vendors could fit in multiple categories, but due to space limitations, they are
only included in one.
b) Nuggets :
Machines can be used to take on complex and stressful work that would be
otherwise performed by humans
Machines can complete the task faster than a human assigned to do the same task
Use of robotics to discover unexplored landscape, outer space and also be useful in
our home activities
Less danger, injury and stress to humans as the work is done by a artificially
intelligent machine
Aiding of mental, visually and hearing impaired individuals
Used for games to create a atmosphere where you don't feel like you are playing
against just a machine
Understanding complex software can be made in to easy-to-understand types with
the aid of artificial intelligence
Less errors and defects
Minimized time and resources. Time and resources are not wasted but effectively
used to achieve the end goal
The ability to replace a human job. This gives rise to humans feeling insecure and
may have the fear of losing their job
Human capabilities can be replaced using a machine and therefore can foster
feelings of inferiority among workers and staff
Artificial Intelligence can malfunction and do the opposite of what they are
programmed to do