Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
l^kFk\kTk/19
# l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk/ 20
# l^kFk\kTk
XkkvAù @ lbkákTP HkkTkvAùkv ¢cYk~ .AùklP@ ÉkWknáHkTkYkk l^kAùkbk#km\k RvlBkTG XkTkv ¢AùkrlP@ UkLAùAùkv ‘l^kFk\kTk’-Ykk ‘YkosPXkJHkTkä élNXkJHkTkä ¢P: TkZkkf ÉklPYkkbQkkUTk’ (MktŒ DkTk#ZkkYk
bP@ @ Ck|cOk#km\kPk R#kAùky UlG Ul@bkAvùAùkv Anù@kv ¢kHkUlTk ¢SZkZkTkAùkv l^kakZk cnTkbk‘G XkTkm AnùTkw TkvUk\k) CkTkvr ÉkZkkbk RvlBkTG‹ ¤Rkck@OkkQkr -‘bkk\kkcê’ä ‘ÇkkbkRm ÇkkbkRm ÇkkbkRm’ä ‘bkk£Wk@-
l^kçkTk~\kv WkkvSk TkCkTknr ¢Aùkvr l^kMYWkTkk Tkw YkkTkky‹’ bknSkm@Aùkv Zkkv Ékck@ Ivory Tower WknláHkm^kmÉklP ‘ZkkVvúYkk .Aù\k^Zk’ä ‘MkZkbUkv@k’ä ‘cl@#FkTæ(cê)’ä ‘GwKky UkOM^k’ä ‘YkkGkAùkv Ykkv\k’ ¢klR
cnTk~‹ Aùl^kPkcê\kk£r cvTkrbklAùTkvG‹ Skv@w ¢QkrYkk Zkm Aùl^kPkcê lXkTTk GTk~ ¢lDkAùk Aùl^kPkcêXkTRk‹
‘l^kFk\kTk’-Ykk \kvlBk.Aùkv G -‘l^kFk\kTk ¢lXkZkkTk bkclTkYkkrOkä bkc^kkÅkkrä bkc- Zkbkw\kv TkvUk\km Aùl^kPk\kv ¢Wk ¢Aùkvr BknM~lAù\kk Uk@ Ck@vAùkv bUì RvBkk.Aùkv G‹ Zkm Aùl^kPkcêYkk
¢TknXkolP @ bkc-\kvBkTkYkk ¢kSkkl@P’‹ Zkbk\kv bUì Ck@k.Aùkv Gä \kvBkAùAùkv YknBZk XkolYkAùk\kk£r Ikk@v@ lTksYkP Xkkakk WkvC\kw GTk~‹
UkLAùlbkP ck@kck@mYkk @kBTkv ÉkZkkbk Ckl@.Aùkv G‹ \kvBkAùAùkv ÉkYknBkPk AùkZkYk Tk@cTkv Zkkv ApùlPYkk‹ l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv Zkbk ÉkZkkbk\kk£r ckYkm Uk#Fkk’Zk bkklc’ZkAùkv RkRk^kkR @ ¢lPZkQkkQkr^kkR
ApùlPYkk \kvBkAù @ UkLAùAùkv Wk@kWk@ cAù @cTkv‹ \kvBkTkYkk \kvBkAùAùkv l^kl#kìPkPVúr\kk£r Tk@kBkm ¢kYk (dadaism and surrealism)-bkfCk Pn\kTkk CkTkr ÉkkbklE*Aù LkTGky‹ RkRk @ ¢lPZkQkkQkr^kkRm
YkkTGvAùkv bP@Ykk @klBkTkv‹ ¢lXkZkkTk \kvBkTk ¢^kkf-CkkRvr lQk. XkTkv l^kFk\kTk UlTk ¢^kkf-CkkRvr (Avant- Garde) \kvBkTk Tkw
l^kFk\kTk-\kvBkTk ¢@kvYkkTbkv\km \kvBkTk XklTk.Aùkv G‹ ¢@kvYkkTbkv\kmcêYkk ÉkBZkkP GTk~ lbká cnfRG‹
KmŒ .bkŒ £l\kZkK‹ ’Zkbkkv ckv XkTkv l^kFk\kTkAùkv \kvBkTkYkk Aù\UTkkAùkv ¤MjkTk AùYk cnTkvG @ Hkm^kTkAùk ¤Ä^k\kä bknSkm@ @ HkZkAùk Aùl^kPkcê bkYkAùk\kmTk ZknCk @ bkYkkHkÉklP ^ZkE~CZk GTk~ XkTkv
Yko\kXkoP WknlTkZkkRm bkYkbZkkÉklP ¢lSkAù bkFkvP @cTkvGTk~‹ ’Zkbkw\kv ckv\kk l^kFk\kTk-\kvBkTkYkk \kvBkAùä bkkYkklHkAù XkkCkmRk@m @ RklZk’^kAùkv WkkvSk UlTk @cvAùkv RvlBkTG‹ Zkcm Anù@k bknSkm@\kv \kvBkvAùk GTk~ -
UkLAù @ \kvBkAù @ \kvBkAù @ UkLAùRvlBk Wkklc@ .¤Kk ¢kYk YkkTGv .AwùbkkQk RvBkk£Tkv Ckl@.Aùkv ‘bkklc’ZkAùk@cê Avù^k\k \kvBTkv YkkTGvYkkÇk P ckv£TkTk~‹ Aùlc\kv Hkn\knbkYkk XkvlKTGä Aùlc\kv cMjPk\kYkkä
Uk£TG‹ Aùl^kPkYkk ZkbkÉkAùk@Aùkv ÉkZkkvCk Tkkw\kkv Tkw XkTTkbklAùTG‹ cnTkP Zkkv Ykk‘bkr^kkRm ¢^kSkk@OkklXkÇk Aùlc\kv SkTkkrYkkä Aùlc\kv bkkE*LlTkAù bkXkkcêYkk‹’
UTkvr .Aù #kkBkk ckv‹ LmAù Zkcm Skk@Okk @kBRQkv RkRk^kkRmcê\kvä Aù\kk\kk£r Hkm^kTkWkkK lTkbUpc @kBTkv
TkXkTRw l^kFk\kTk-Aùl^kcêAùkv bk^kkrlSkAù ¢kAùakrOk Aùl^kPkÉklPAùkv ¢CkkSk ¢kbQkk @ ¢^kSkk@OkkWkkK bk#klEœP lQk. ¤Tkmcê‹ Hkm^kTkAùkv ¢TknXkolP-U@mdkOk UdkYkk lQk.‹ bkYkAùk\kmTk
¢k£Œ .Œ l@FkM~bkrAùkv YkkTZkPk Aùl^kPk 'it is perfectly possible means of overcoming Hkm^kTk @ HkCkPAùkv ¢bkVú\kPk @ Tkw@k#ZkÉklP PmWk| l^k@kvSk HkTkk.Aùk lQk.‹ TkXkTRw ‘l^kFk\kTkbkYkoc’-
chaos' XkTkv Iky @cvAùkv RvlBkTG‹ \kv XkTkv Zkkv PmWk|PkAùkv ‘¢lP^kkR’-\kk£r b^kmAùk@vAùkv RvlBkÆk‹ RkRk^kkR XkTkv Xk’bkrTkkUoOkr \kvBkTkYkk
ZkbkAùkv LmAù l^kU@mPYkk @cvAùkv Gä lQkZkkvHkv@ .MkvTkkvrAùkv 'Negative Dialectics'‹ UlG URwrTklQk.‹
.MkvTkkvr Holocaust-Aùkv bYk@Ok Ck@k¤fRw XkTGä TkkHkmcê\kv ZkcoRmcêAùkv Tk@bkgck@ Ck@vä ’ZkbkUlG RkRk^kkR @ ¢lPZkQkkQkr^kkRAùk ÉkYknBk Ék^kÅkrAùYkSZkv .Aù ¢kTæv l^k|Pkx\kv 1920-Ykk
Avù YkkTk^kPk bkYXk^k G @ ? CZkkbk-FZkkYWk@lXkÇk cHkk@kyAùkv bkE~BZkkYkk Avù Tkk@mä Avù Unêakä Avù ^kpáä lUAùkl^kZkkAùkv Cannibal Manifesto UNj@v bknTkk.Aùk lQk.‹
Avù Wkk\kAù bkWkw\kk£r .Awù Lk¤f QknTkv@ lPTkmcêAùkv c’Zkk Ckl@.‹ Ykp’ZknAùkv XkZk\kv ¢kPlEœP Pm 'What are you doing here, planted on your backsides like a
ZkcoRmcêAùkv lFkFZkkcK\kk£r RWkk¤Tk Lo\kkv ¢k^kkHkYkk bkE~CkmP WkHkk£lRTQkv’@v‹ ’ZklPWkv\kk bkE*mP load of serious mugs..... you are serious people, you smell worse
UlTk Tk@bkgck@Aùkv clPZkk@ WkTkvAùkv lQkZkkv‹ .MkvTkkvr WkPk¤fGTk~ -YkkTk^kHkklP\kv ¢Wk bkYk^kvRTkkAùkv c’Zkk than cowdung
Ckl@bkAvùAùkv G‹ bkY^kvRTkk Tk@cvUlG Aùl^kPk bkYXk^k GwTk‹ ¢Wk Aùl^kPkAùkv Ykp’Zkn Xk£bkAvùAùkv G‹ DADA, as for it, it smells for nothing, it is nothing, nothing,
ZkálU Aùl^kPk \kvlBk@cv‹ P@ Zkkv ckv\kkvAùbK-¤Åk@ Aùl^kPk ¢lDkAùk Aùl^kPkHkbPk nothing.
It is like your hopes: nothing / like your heaven: nothing.....
TkXk.@ Kk\kvAùkv HkbPkv (pastiche)ä Aùkv\kkHk HkbPkvä l^k#kpE~Bkl\kP RvlBkTkQkk\Zkkv‹ ZkbkÉkAùk@Aùkv
Like your politicians: nothing....? like your artists, nothing.....'
Aùl^kPk \kvBTkv .Aù bkYkoc lQkZkkv Hkbk\kk£r L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets XklTkZkkv‹ lZkTkw
Aùl^kcêAùk Aùl^kPkWkkK ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù Aùl^kPk\kvBkTkAùkv bknÇkUkP XkZkkv‹ RkRk^kkRmcê XkkakkÉklP ¤lÅkAwù bkHkCk lQk. @ BkWk@UlÇkAùkYkk bkg^kkRRkPkcê\kv ÉkZkkvCk
l^kFk\kTk/21
# l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk/22
# l^kFk\kTk
Ck@vAùk Xkkakk\kk£r XkkakkAùkv RnaÉkZkkvCk YkkTRQkv‹ HkYkrTk Rk#krlTkAù lTk’bkv\kv Xkkakk\kk£r 'mobile army ¤Ä^k\kä bknSkm@ @ HkZkAùk Aùl^kPkcê\kv ¢kXkkbk lR\kk¤fRGä ¢Wk TkvUk\km Aùl^kPk\kv
of metaphors' XkTkvAùk lQk.‹ RkRk^kkRmcê UlTk XkkakkAùkv bkYÉkvakOkdkYkPkÉklP bkglRCSk RvlBkTQkv‹ Aùkv\Kv Vvú@vAùkv G‹ .¤Kk l^kXkkHkTk lbkHkrTkk CkTkr bkVú\k @cvAùkv G - Uo^krAùk Aùl^kPkcê @
Zkbkw\kv lPTkmcê phonetical Aùl^kPkcê \kvBQkv‹ l^kFk\kTkAùk\kAùk Aùl^kPkcêYkk‹ Zkkv Tkw ZkbkAùkv YkcP~ ¤U\k†WSk ckv‹
RkRk^kkRAùkv l^kU@mP l^kFk\kTk bkYkoc\kv XkTkv XkkakkAùkv ¢kZkkYk\kk£r ^kplá Ck@v@ bkYkAùk\kmTk QQQ
Fk\Pm #kWRcêAùkv ÉkZkkvCkYkk ¤<Yk @cvAùk GTk~‹
l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk-Ykk U@vAùk Aùl^kPkcê ¢lDk Tkw XklTk.Aùkv G ¢^kkf-CkkRvr GTk~ä XkTkv ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù
UlTk GTk~‹ Uv†#KFkä UnTk\kvrBkTkä YkosPXkJHkTkä ¢klRYkPkä ¢kSknlTkAùPk bkWkw RvlBkTGTk~‹ ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù lFkÚm
\kvBkTkYkk UkvTkkvrCk|klVúAù \kvBkTk UlTk RvlBkTG XkTkv Zkckf UlTk Avùcm Aùl^kPkcê UkvTkkvrCk|klVúAù GTk~‹
bkYkCk|Ykk cvRkr l^kFk\kTk\kv Skv@w Udk .AwùFkkvlK bkYck\Tk UnCkvAùkv XkkTk cnTG‹ Aù\kk\kk£r ¶Zkk@k l^kFk\kTk Xkk£cêä
Hkm^kTk^kkRm WkTkk¤Tk FkkcTGTk~ XkTkv ¢AùkvrlP@ l#k\U\kk£r ¤lÅkAwù Ykc’^k lR£.Aùkv WknlIkTG‹ bkWk¢\KTkr PUk£‰cêAùkv ck\kBkWk@ HkkÆkUk.@ ¢kTk†TRP Gn‹ l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv ÉkklÈkbkoFkTkk bkYkZkYkk
¢^kSkk@Okk UlTk WkkvAvùAwù G Zkbk\kv‹ lAùTkk@mApùPä ¢^kcvl\kP CkkvBkkr ¢†bYkPk\kk£r Zkbk\kv GnTkv ÉkZkkbk lRTk bklAùTkf Aùk@Ok Yk ^ZkbP lQk.f ¢lTk Dk@RvlBk Wkklc@ lQk.f‹ ¢lc\kvDkl@ l^kFk\kTk UlNj@cvGn‹
Ck@vAùkv G‹ ¤Åk@-¢kwUlTk^kvl#kAù lbkákTP UlTk bkYkvKvAùkv G‹ TkvUk\km UkLAù\kk£r Aùl^kPklÉkZk bkYkk\kkvFkTkkAùkv Ykv@kv Tk^kmTkPYk @ ^kpcP~ ApùlP ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù l^kYk#kr ÉkAùkl#kP Xk.Aùkv
WkTkk¤Tkv @ UkLAù-bkE~BZkk WkNjk¤Tkv HkYkAùkvr Ckl@.Aùkv G‹ P@ Aù\kkAùkv ¤RkÅkPkAùkv YkZkkrRk @cTkn G‹ ZkbkYkk 680 XkTRk ¢lSkAù Upícê GTk~‹ 6 ^kKk Yko\k l^kakZk^kbPnYkklQk HkYYkk 54 ^kKk
¢k^k#ZkAù G‹ Aùl^kPkAùkv l^kakZk^kbPn UlG Ck.@ bkYkZkAùkv ¢TP@k\kUlG bkkTRsXkAù Tk@c\kk P@ @FkTkkcê bkYkkl^kì Ckl@.Aùk GTk~‹ lbkákTP @ bkYkk\kkvFkTkk Rn^kw bkYkk^kv#k Xk.Aùk Zkbk ApùlPYkk
’ZkbkWkv\kk UlTk Zkm Aùl^kPk UlNjTk\kk£r ZkbkAùkv Aù\kkUdk Rló\kkv @cTk ¢k^k#ZkAù G‹ YkSZkZknCkmTk lTkYTkl\klBkP l^kakZk^kbPnYkklQk Yko\kêUYkk FkFkkr Ck@vAùkv Gn :
Zko@kvUAùkv ¢TSkAùk@YkZk Aùk\kYkk ’Zkcm ZknCk\kk£r ÉklPlTklSk’^k CkRwr \kvlBk.Aùkv RkgPvAùkv Aùk^Zk Divine !bkk£Wk@ @ bkklc’Zk
Inferno P@ ¢lc\kvAùkv ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù ZknCkAùk UkLAù\kk£r ¤lÅkAwù ¢kTkTR lR\kk¤Tkv dkYkPk @kBRG‹ !£AùkvlÓùlKlbkHYk @ bkklc’Zk
Zkbkkv cnTkbkAvùAùkv ZkbkAùkv Xkkakk @ Aù\kk\kv Tkw ckv‹ bk@\kPkä ULTkmZkPk @ †‘\kìPk UkLAùkv Aùbkm !Zkná @ bkklc’Zk
TkXk.@ #kw\kmAùkv ÉkR#krTk YkkÇk ckv‹ HkvYbk HkkvZkbkAùkv Zknl\kbkbk ¢lP AùlLTk UkL ckv P@ lWk#kky !MkZkbUkv@k @ bkklc’Zk
#kPkWRmAùkv bk^krÌkví ¤UTZkkbk Zkcm YkklTkTG‹ !¢Tkn^kkR @ bkklc’Zk
l^kFk\kTk-
l^kFk\kTk-Ykk U@vAùk Avùcm Aùl^kPkcê \kZk @ CkmP (lyrical) -Ykk ¢kbQkk^kkTk RvlBkTGTk~‹ !bkklc’ZkAùk TkZkkf BknMjlAù\kkcê
Zkkv Aùl^kPkÉklPAùkv Uk@YUl@Aù ÉkXkk^k\kv CkRkr ckv‹ Zkkv UlTk .AùÉkAùk@\kv Aùl^k cnTknAùkv cwAùYk^kkR Tkw !l^k#^k-¤UTZkkbkAùk Ykc’^kUoOkr YkkvMcê
ckv‹ Aùl^kAùkv YkosPXkJHkTk TkXk.@ YkosPbQkkUTkk XkZkkv - .¤Kk YkosP PkvMjv@ ¢Aùkvr bQkkUTkk Ck@v Iky YkkÇk‹ l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv PvÏkkv ¢E~AùYkk ÉkAùkl#kP Ykv@kv @FkTkk\kk£r Avùcm Ul@^ksPP êUYkk Zkbk
cnTknUTkvr Fkklcf YkosP Tkw TkcnTkn ckv‹ Aùl^k lTkBkkvHk @cTknUGr‹ UkLAùAùkv #kkbkTkAùk\kYkk Aùl^k @kHkk Xk.@ ApùlPlXkÇk @kBkvAùkv Gn‹ XkBkr@w ÉkAùkl#kP l^kTR~Zkk bknWWkkAùkv bkgbYk@Ok-bkE~Ck|cYkklQk .¤Kk @FkTkk G‹
¢k¤TknXk.Tk‹ l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv FkkwQkkv ¢E~AùYkk bknSkm@Aùkv ÉkbPk^kTkkWkkK ÉkXkkl^kP WkTkvAùkv Gn‹ ^kwFkkl@Aù PkHkkUTkk
\kvBkTk bkWkw UnTk\kvBr kTkYkkÇk Xk.UlG Ykkwl\kAùPkAùkv Ék#Tk ¤LvTk‹ P@ UnTk\kvBr kTk RvlBkTknU%Zkkv‹ ¢lTk bkYkAùk\kmTk bkklc’ZkAùkv ¢SZkZkTk\kv ¤Tk\kk£r U@YU@kRvlBk ¢\kCk RvBkk.Aùkv G‹
¶\kvlCkZkkl@HYk cnTknUGr Aù\kk’YkAù NE*Ykk‹ l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk-Aùk Skv@w Aùl^kPkcêYkk bkYkbkkYklZkAù Ykn+kcê @ #knXkAùkYkTkkcê‹
HkkPmZk Ék#Tk bk#k‘PPkAùk bkkQk ¤Lk£.Aùk GTk~‹ P@ Pm bkWkw BkWk@AùkCkPYkk ¢kSkkl@P ^kkbPl^kAù Q MktŒ Ckkvl^kTR@kHk XkÙ@k£r
†bQklPWkkK Tk@cv@ Aùl^kAùkv ¢TknXkolPHkTZkYkkÇk GTk~‹
l^kFk\kTk/23
# l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk/24
# l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk-\kv ckYkm\kk£r poetic sense lR.Aùkv Gä poetic sense
. . .l^kFk\kTk
TkXk.Aùkcê\kv #kkZkR l^kFk\kTk-\kk£r Avù Avù XkT\kkTk~ P@ Yk W.H.Hudson -\kk£r ¤R~SkpP
CkTkrFkkcTGn :
# l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/ # l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/
# l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/ # l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/