CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction
Ultrasonic burglar alarm uses ultrasonic sound waves that are in audible to humans .The wave
oscillator will transmit an ultrasonic wave to the basic entry points where an intruder will likely
try to break in attempt occurs and the intruder enters an area radiated by ultrasonic waves emitted
.The variation becomes an input signal to sound the alarm.

1.2 Problem statement

Insecurity is an issue affecting our society and many people are under constant threat of thug ray
and bargly .Various methods have been developed to try and cub this threat yet the issue
persist .This is because human mind is being used to develop systems that guard a problem
created by another human mind.

1.3 Objective

To design and construct an ultrasonic burglar alarm.

1.4 Aims

It should respond fast to the physical phenomenon of intrusion.

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It should be able to go back to its position or state after an alarm operation.
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It should be easy to install in the area where it is to operate
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It should consume low power as much as possible.
Specifications

Supply voltage – 12volts

Operating range – 5 meters
Frequency range – (30-50)
Audio output – 3 watts

Block diagram
a)
Oscillator
The oscillator is an emitter – coupled transmitter circuit. It produces a signal at a frequency
which is the basic frequency for the transducer.
b)
Transmitter transducer
This transducer acts as an ultrasonic generator. The signal it produces is propagated through a
transmission medium which is air in this case.
c)
Sensing element
The sensing element receives the transmitted signal from the transmitter transducer.
Electronically
d)
Amplifying detector
It gives a high or low output depending on the status of the ultrasonic beam. Normally when
the beam is unbroken the output is high when beam is broken the output of the detector is low.
1.
Alarm activator
This is a circuit connected as a mono stable multi vibrator and its output is used to trigger the
alarm signal generator.
Alarm Signal generator
It produces an 800KHZ alarm signal into an 100.load which is the speaker.

Output transducer
This is the speaker which is connected in series with a resistor. It gives audible sound as its
output
Power supply
Supplies power for the oscillator that is (9v)

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROJECT
1.5 POWER SUPPLY
The circuitry requires a d.c source for its operation .The circuit can be supplied with a domestic
a.c supply .This a.c supply is converted to dc through rectification .The process of rectification is
accomplished with the help of a rectifier ,filter and a voltage divider.
A typical d.c power supply consist of
Theory of ideal transformer
An ideal transformer is one that has no losses i.e. its windings have no ohm resistance there is
no magnetic leakage ,no iron losses like eddy current.
Considering an ideal transformer an ideal transformer whose secondary is open and whose
primary is connected to a sinusoidal alternating voltage .when an alternating voltage is applied to
primary ,it draws a small magnetizing current which lags behind the applied voltage. This
alternating current produces an alternating flux which is proportional to and in phase with it .The
alternating flux links both the windings and induces e.m.f e1 on the primary and e.m.f e2 in
secondary .The primary emf e1 is at every instant equal to and in opposition to bothv1.both e1
and e2 lag behind flux by 90.Their magnitude depend upon the number of primary and secondary
turns.