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PD rm PD rm
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OBJECTIVES
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INPUT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
mean diameter
minor diameter
thread angle
Figure 1.1 Screw thread terminology
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
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1.1.5. Pitch
1.1.6. Root
The surface of the thread that joins the flanks of adjacent threads.
The distance between the roots on opposite sides of the thread is called
the root, or minor diameter.
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
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anvil
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Note:
Dm - mean diameter
W - distance between two prism
T - prism height (known)
T
prism
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The hard round bars (wire) with the same size are positioned opposite to
the screw thread groove shown in the diagram above. The distance is measured
between the outside of the round bars. The most suitable wire size is 0.57735p.
In Fig. 1.7 P is the pitch of the screw thread. The suitable wire size is quite hard
to get, usually a size bigger than 0.57735p wire size will be used.
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Wires which touch the thread at the pitch diameter are known as
"Best Size" Wires. Such wires are used because the measurements of
pitch diameter are least affected by errors that may be present in the
angle of the thread.
The above analysis for the distance over wires holds good provided
the wire touches the thread somewhere on its right side, and provided the
thread angle is correct. The extremes of wire sizes which touch on the
straight sides and which can be measured are shown at (a) and (c),
Fig.1.9. For ISO metric, unified and Whitworth threads these limiting
sizes are given in Table 1.1
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Pitch (P)
h r
W C
a H
B
DE a 60o
2
D E
P/2
Note:
W = Distance over wires
DE = Pitch/ Effective Diameter
Dw = Wire diameter
a = 600
From the Fig. 1.8, mean/pitch diameter can be calculated by applying the
following formula;
a a
AD = AB cosec = r cosec
2 2
a P a
H = DE cot = cot
2 2 2
P a
CD = 0.5H = cot
4 2
a P a
h = AD – CD = r cosec – cot
2 4 2
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
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= DE + 2h + 2r
a P a
= DE + 2 {r cosec – cot } + 2r
2 4 2
a P a
= DE + 2r cosec - cot + 2r
2 2 2
a P a
= DE +2r ( 1 + cosec ) – cot
2 2 2
a P a
W = DE + d ( 1 + cosec ) – cot (1)
2 2 2
From this general formula we may apply the special adaptation for
common threads.
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The effective diameter lies 0.3248p inside the crest of the thread,
Hence DE = D – 0.6496p
a
a = 60° and cosec =2
2
a
cot = 1.732
2
a P a
W (over wires) = DE + d (1 + cosec ) – cot
2 2 2
P
=D – 0.6496p + d(3) – (1.732)
2
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centres, which permit the work piece to be tilted to the required helix angle for
checking threads; a micrometer work stage, with permit quick and accurate
measuring of dimensions in both direction; and gauge blocks, measuring rods,
and dial indicators used on comparators for checking measurement. The surface
of the work piece may be checked by a surface illuminator, which lights up the
face of work piece adjacent to the projecting lens system and permits this image
to be projected onto the screen.
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Note: If the threaded angle is not correct or square with the centre line,
adjust the vernier protractor chart to measure the angle of the thread
image. Other dimensions of the threads, and width of flats, may be
measured with micrometer measuring stages or devices such as rods,
gauge blocks and indicators.
helix angle
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Y
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ACTIVITY 1
1.1. Draw and label a schematic drawing of how you would check the
core diameter of an external V-thread.
1.2. Using ‘best’ wire sizes determine the distance of the wire for M 20 x
2.5 ISO metric thread.
1.4. With the aid of a labelled diagram, briefly explain how you would
use an optical comparator to check the thread angle of 60o
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
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FEEDBACK ON ACTIVITY 1
1.1
T
prism
= 20.54 mm
1.3. The results are least affected by any error which may present in the
included thread angle.
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Note: If the threaded angle is not correct or square with the centre line,
adjust the vernier protractor chart to measure the angle of the thread
image. Other dimensions of the threads, and width of flats, may be
measured with micrometer measuring stages or devices such as rods,
gauge blocks and indicators.
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
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SELF-ASSESSMENT 1
1. Calculate the effective diameter of M35 x 5.5 threads by using three wire
method. The distance between wires is 35.60 mm.
Used formula E = M – 3d + 0.866P ; when d = 0.577P and P = pitch.
Sketch the measurement setup.
3
2. Using the ‘best’ wire sizes, determine the distance over wires for (a) in
4
Whitworth, (b) M 20 x 2.5 ISO metric threads.
F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
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FEEDBACK OF SELF-ASSESSMENT 1
1. E = 23.263 mm