Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Pyrexia of unknown Paracetamol is Skin eruption, 1. Paracetamol 1. Consult
Aeknil origin. rapidly and hematological should be physician for
Fever & pain associ almost toxicity eg, given with use in
ated w/ common completely thrombocytopeni care to children less
childhood absorbed from a and leucopenia, patients with than 2 years
Classification: disorders,tonsillitis, the methemoglobina impaired old; oral use
Paracetamol upper resp tract gastrointestinal emia which can hepatic or more than 5
infections post- tract. Following result in cyanosis, renal function. days for
immunization oral and on long-term 2. If to be children,
Dosage: reactions, after administration, use, renal given as more than 10
tonsillectomy & peak plasma damage can analgesia, days for
other conditions. levels are result. assess onset, adults, or
Prevention of attained in 10 type, location, fever more
febrile convulsion. min to 1 hr and duration of than 3 days.
Headache, the half-life is pain. 2. Report
cold,sinusitis, muscl 75 min to 3 3. Can be ringing in
e hrs. given without ears and
pain, arthritis & too Distribution of regards to persistent GI
thache. paracetamol to meals. pain.
most body 4. Tablets can 3. Severe,
tissues and be crushed. recurrent pain
fluids is both 5. Assess or high
rapid and temperature continuous
uniform. directly before fever may
Paracetamol is and 1 hour indicate
excreted in the after giving serious
urine primarily medication. illness.
as the 6. If
glucuronide respirations

1|Page
 and smaller are <12/min
amounts as the (<20/min in
sulfate, children),
mercapturate withhold the
and unchanged medication
drug. and contact
Approximately the physician.
85% of a dose 7.Evaluate for
of paracetamol therapeutic
is excreted in response:
the urine within relief of pain,
24 hrs after stiffness,
administration. swelling;
increasing in
joint mobility;
reduced joint
tenderness;
improve grip
strength.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Treatment of Phenytoin levels Drowsiness 1. Patients vary 1. Ensure
Antamin allergic rhinitis, may be hypnosis in their patients are
bronchial increased by Allergic response to warned that
Generic Name: asthma, chlorphenamine. reactions w/ sedating this medication
chlorphenamine vasomotor Isolated reports topical antihistamines may cause
rhinitis, describe the application and there is drowsiness and
dermatoses of development of CNS stimulation little evidence that if they are

2|Page
Classification: allergic etio symptoms of gastrointestinal that one is affected they
Antiallergics/ logy, urticaria, phenytoin tract & superior to should not
Antihistamines/ drug toxicity in cardiovascular another. drive or
First Generation sensitization, patients treated effects 2. Children and operate
Antihistamines serum concurrently older people machinery.
sickness, with may be more 2. Advise
anaphylactic chlorphenamine. susceptible to patients to
Dosage: shock & insect It has been side-effects. avoid alcohol
10%amp bites. proposed that 3. Evaluate as this may
chlorphenamine therapeutic increase the
inhibits the response. medication's
metabolism of sedative
phenytoin, but effects.
the exact 3. Drowsiness
mechanism is may improve
unclear. It would after a few
be prudent to days of
monitor serum treatment.
phenytoin levels 4. In allergy
and for management
symptoms of patients should
phenytoin also be advised
toxicity. to limit
Consider exposure to the
adjusting the allergen.
dose of .
phenytoin as
needed.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: 1. As an Atropine Dryness of Do not administer 1. Instruct

3|Page
Atropine antisialogogue when and other the mouth unless solution is patient to
reduction of anticholiner blurred clear and seal is immediate
secretions of gic agents vision intact. Discard ly report
therespiratory tract can photophobia unused portion. allergic
Classification: are thought to be markedly tachycardia Atropine Sulfate response.
Antidotes, needed; its routine increase Constipation Injection, USP 2. Inform
Detoxifying Agents & use as a the toxicity difficulty should be used patient
Drugs Used in preanesthetic agent of in micturition with caution in all that
Substance is discouraged phenylephri may occur in individuals over headache,
Dependence, Antispa 2. To blunt the ne by elderly 40 years of age. eye pain,
smodics increased vagal tone blocking patients Atropine and
(decreased pulse and the skin rashes generally is blurred
blood pressure) cholinergic contraindicated in vision may
produced by intra- mechanism patients signal
Dosage: abdominal tract or by which with glaucoma, p glaucoma.
1mg amp ocular muscle phenylephri yloric stenosisor Tell him to
traction, its routine ne-induced prostatic hypertro report
use to prevent such hypertensio phy, except in these
events is n is doses ordinarily symptoms
discouraged controlled. used for at once.
3. To temporarily Hypertensi preanestheticmed 3. Caution
increase heart rate or ve and ication. patient to
decrease AV-block other avoid
until serious driving
definitive interventio adverse and other
n can take place, effects e.g. hazardous
when bradycardia or cardiac activities
AV-block are judged arrhythmia until he
to be s and knows
hemodynamically myocardial how drug
significant and infarction affects
thought to be due to have been concentrat
excess vagal tone reported ion,

4|Page
4. As an antidote for with alertness,
inadvertent overdose concurrent and vision.
of cholinergic drugs use of 4.
or for topical or Encourage
cholinesterase poison systemic patient to
ing such as from phenylephri establish
organophosphorus ne with an
insecticides systemic effective
5. As an antidote for anticholiner bedtime
the "rapid type of gics e.g. routine to
mushroom poisoning atropine minimize
due to the presence and insomnia.
of glycopyrron 5. Tell
the alkaloid muscarin ium patient to
e, in certain species bromide. It apply
offungus such as has been pressure
Amanita muscaria, suggested to inside
and 6. To alleviate that the corner of
the muscarinic side risks can eye during
effects of be reduced instillation
anticholinesterase by lowering of
drugs used for the ophthalmi
reversal concentrati c solution
of neuromuscular blo ons of and for 1
ckade phenylephri to 2
ne used or minutes
by afterward.
minimising 6.As
the amount appropriat
of e, review
phenylephri all other
ne significant
absorbed and life-

5|Page
 following threatenin
topical g adverse
application. reactions
and
interaction
s,
especially
those
related to
the drugs,
herbs, and
behaviors
mentioned
above.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Acute GI, biliary Works by Urinary 1.This medicine 1. You should
Buscopan & genitourinary relaxing the retention may cause consult your
spasm, muscle that is allergic & skin blurred vision doctor
including biliary found in the reactions and so may immediately if
& renal colic. walls of the rarely dyspnea affect your you experience
Classification: Parenterally stomach, (in patients w/ ability to drive any of the
Antispasmodics also as an aid in intestines and history of or operate following while
diagnostic & bile duct and the bronchial machinery using this
therapeutic reproductive asthma or safely. If medicine: red
procedures eg organs and allergy) affected do not and painful
Dosage: gastroduodenal urinary tract. Parenteral Visua drive or eye, possibly
20mg amp endoscopy, This type of l operate with headache,
radiology. muscle is called accommodation machinery. loss of vision

6|Page
smooth muscle disturbance 2. Buscopan or blurred
or involuntary infrequently inj tablets are not vision, or
muscle. It site pain (after recommended seeing haloes
normally IM inj) for children around lights.
contracts and rarely under six years These
relaxes in anaphylactoid of age. symptoms may
response to reactions & be caused by
natural body anaphylactic an increase in
chemicals called shock. pressure inside
neurotransmitter the eyeball
s. The and require
contractions are urgent
caused by a investigation
neurotransmitter by your doctor.
called 2. This
acetylcholine. medicine
These should not be
contractions are used if you are
not under our allergic to any
conscious of its
control and we ingredients.
are not normally Please inform
aware of them. your doctor or
However, if the pharmacist if
muscles go into you have
spasm this can previously
cause pain. experienced
It stops the such an
spasms in the allergy.
smooth muscle
by preventing
acetylcholine
from acting on

7|Page
 the muscle. It
does this by
blocking the
receptors on the
muscle cells that
the acetylcholine
would normally
act on.
By preventing
acetylcholine
from acting on
the muscle in
the GI and GU
tracts, it reduces
the muscle
contractions.
This allows the
muscle to relax
and reduces the
painful spasms
and cramps.

Drug Indication Action Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: All forms of HTN Inhibits the Infrequently 1.Do not 1.may take with
Calcibloc HTN in pregnancy influx of Flushing exceed a single or without food.
coronary calcium Nausea dose of 30 mg. Sustained-
insufficiency w/ or through the Dizziness 2.Before release tablets
w/o angina;vasosp cell membrane, Headache increasing should not be

8|Page
Classification: astic angina resulting in a Tiredness dose, monitor chewed,
Calcium to increase heart depression of Sedation BP. crushed or
Antagonists rate in automaticity leg edema 3. Use only the divided.
sinus bradycardia and conduction sustained- Grapefruit juice
& sick sinus velocity release tablets may cause
syndrome. leading to a to treat HPN increased serum
Dosage: depression of 4.Protect drug levels.
5mg contraction. capsules from 2.avoid
Also dilate light moisture; activities that
coronary store at room require mental
vessels in both temp in original alertness until
normal and container. drug effects
ischemic realized; may
tissues and cause dizziness
inhibits spasms or
of coronary lightheadedness
arteries. .
Decreases total 3.Brush teeth
peripheral and floss
resistance thus regularly to
reducing reduce swelling
energy and and tenderness
oxygen of your gums.
requirements
of the heart.
Variable effects
on AV node
effective and
functional
refractory
periods. CO is
slightly
increased while

9|Page
 peripheral
vascular
resistance is
significantly
decreased.
Slight to no
increase in HR
and slight to no
decrease in
myocardial
contractility.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Mild PO Use 1.If precipitate 1.Take with
Calcium hypocalcemia Constipation noted in meals to
Gluconate due to neonatal Headache syringe, do not increase
tetany, teteny Mild use absorption
due to hypercalcemia 2.May
parathryroid Rapid IV use experience
Classification: deficiency or vit Vasodilation nausea or
Calcium Salt D and alkalosis Decreased BP vomiting;
Prophylaxis of Syncope decreased
hypocalcemia Cardiac appetite,
Dosage: during exchange arrythmias constipation,
10% transfusions dry mouth, or
Intestinal increased thirst;
malabsorption increased
Treat effects of urination; report
serious of persistent

10 | P a g e
 hyperkalemia as 3. Calciumcan
measured by decreases the
ECG effects of many
Cardiac other medicines
resuscitation by binding to
after heart them or by
surgery when changing the
epinephrine fails acidity of the
to improve weak stomach or the
or ineffective urine. Do not
myocardial take together
contractions and ensure
Adjunct to treat provider aware
insect bites or of all drugs
stings to relieve prescribed.
muscle
cramping
Depression due
to Mg
overdosage
Rickets,
osteomalacia
Hyperkalemia to
antagonize
cardiac toxicity

Drug Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Hypertensive Moderately Peripheral When used to 1.take at the
Cardepine emergencies or increases CO edema treat HPN, may same time each

11 | P a g e
 urgencies and HR and Headache be administered day.
Generic Name: peri-op & post- significantly Tachycardia safely along 2.maintain
Nicardepine op HTN decreases Palpitations with diuretic proper intake of
HCL hypertensive peripheral localized and or beta fluids to avoid
states of NPO vascular thrombophlebitis blockers. constipation.
Classification: patients. resistance. hypotension. Ampoules are Avoid alcohol;
Calcium Slight increase diluted before limit caffeine.
Antagonists in QT interval infusion. 3.May
and slight to no experience
decrease in impotence.
myocardial
Dosage: contractility. No
10mg amp effect on QRS
complex or PR
interval.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Cardiac arrhythmias Amiodarone Reversible Correct K and 1.Drug is used
Cordarone Supraventricular arrh shows beta corneal MG to control
ythmias blocker-like microdeposits deficiencies heart beat
Generic Name: junctional and potassium hyper or before therapy irregularities,
Amiodarone arrhythmias channel hypothyroidism since take as
HCL ventricular blocker-like Bradycardia, antiarrhythmic directed.
arrhythmias actions on nausea may be 2.Report if
Paroxysmal tachycar the SA and AV superficial ineffective or crystals
dia nodes, phlebitis arrhythmogeni develop on
Classification: extrasystoles, increases the elevated serum c with skin,
Antiarrhythmic ventricular flutter & refractory transferases hypokalemia. producing
, Class III fibrillation period via transient fall in When initiating bluish color,

12 | P a g e
 Cardiopulmonary sodium- and BP therapy, so dosage can
resuscitation in the potassium- Rarely, gradually be adjusted.
Dosage: event of cardiac channel photosensitizati discontinue 3.report side
50mg amp arrest related effects, and on & other effects,
toventricular slows intra- pigmentation antiarrhythmic especially any
fibrillation resistant cardiac reversible drugs. abnormal
to external conduction of diffuse swelling,
electric shock the cardiac interstitial bleeding or
action pneumopathy bruising.
potential, via or peripheral
sodium- neuropathy
channel
effects.
Amiodarone
resembles
thyroid
hormone, and
its binding to
the nuclear
thyroid
receptor might
contribute to
some of its
pharmacologic
and toxic
actions

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings

13 | P a g e
Brand Name: Chronic Acts in the GI disturbances Avoid IM, SC or 1.May take with
Dilantin epilepsy motor cortex of Ataxia perivascular food to
Status the brain to slurred speech injections. Pain, minimize GI
Generic Name: epilepticus and reduce the Diplopia inflammation upset. Do not
Phenytoin to control spread of nystagmus & and necrosis take antacids
seizures during electrical mental may be caused within 1 hr of
Classification: neurosurgery discharges from confusion w/ by highly ingestion. Do
Anticonvulsants the rapidly headache alkaline not chew or
firing epileptic dizziness solutions. crush; take
foci in this area. gingival Use of IV tablets as
This hyperplasia infusion is not whole.
Dosage: accomplished hirsutism recommended, 2.If dose is
100 mg amp by stabilizing hyperglycemia as the drug is missed, take as
hyperexcitable osteomalacia. poorly soluble soon as
cells possibly by and may form a remembered.
affecting precipitate. Then resume
sodium efflux. Inject slowly the usual
Also, phenytoin and directly into schedule.
decreases a large vein 3. May cause
activity of through a large urine to appear
centers in the gauge needle or red, pink or
brain stem IV catheter. brown; do not
responsible for be alarmed.
the tonic phase 4.Do not stop
of grand mal abruptly.
seizures. Has Report all
few sedative bothersome
effects. side effects
because these
may be dose
related/

14 | P a g e
Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient
Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Hypersensitivity High sedative, Drowsiness 1.Take similar 1.May cause
Diphenhydramin reactions anticholinergic, Constipation doses with drowsiness;
e Motion sickness and antiemetic Diarrhea meals and at use caution
Parkinsonism effects. Dizziness bedtime until drug
Nighttime sleep Dry 2.Do not use effects
aid mouth/nose/thro more than 2 realized.
Classification: at weeks to treat 2.Take 30 min
Antihistamine, Headache insomnia before travel
2nd Gen. Anorexia 3.For IV, may to prevent
N&V give undiluted motion
Anxiety 4.For adults or sickness
Dosage: GI upset children, do not 3.Use
amp exceed an IV sugarless
rate of gum/candy to
25mg/min diminish dry
mouth effects
4.Stop therapy
72 to 96 hr
before skin
testing
performed

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Cardiogenic Dopamine is the Tachycardia 1.must be 1.Drug is
Dopamine shock due to MI, immediate Angina pain diluted before administered IV
trauma, open precursor of Palpitations use to improve
heart surgery, epinephrine in Dyspnea 2.dilute just cardiac

15 | P a g e
 renal failure and the body. N&V prior to function thus
Classification: chronic cardiac Exogenously Headache administration, increasing BP
Sympathomimeti decompensation administerd, it Anxiety solution stable and improving
c, direct- acting . produces direct Hypertension for 24 hr at urine output.
and indirect stimulation of Hypotension room temp, 2.Report any
acting beta-1 protect from chest pain,
receptors and light increased SOB,
variable 3.to prevent headaches or
Dosage: stimulation of overload, may IV site pain
250mg, 250ml alpha receptors. use more
400mg, 250 ml Will cause a concentrated
200mg in 5ml release of solutions with
norepinephrine higher doses
from its storage 4.when
sites. These discontinuing,
action results in gradually
increased decrease dose;
myocardial sudden
contraction, CO, cessation may
and SV as well cause marked
as increased hypotension
renal blood flow
and sodium
excretion.
Exerts little
effect on DBP
and induces
fewer
arrhythmias
than are seen
with
isoproterenol.

16 | P a g e
Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient
Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Sedation in The tissue Fluctuations in 1.When used Drug may cause
Dormicum premed before distribution of VS, decreased for conscious dizziness and
surgical or midazolam is in RR and tidal sedation, do drowsiness.
Generic Name: diagnostic very rapid and in volume not give by Avoid alcohol,
Midazolam procedures, most cases a Apnea rapid or single CNS
induction distribution Coughing bolus IV; may depressants,
Classification: Maintenance of phase is not Oversedation cause and activities
Hypnotics & anesth. apparent or is Headache respiratory that require
Sedatives essentially Drowsiness depression. mental
finished within 1- bronchospasm alertness for 24-
2 hrs after oral 48hr following
administration. drug
Dosage: When Dormicum i administration.
5mg/1ml s injected IV, the
plasma
concentration-
time curve shows
2 distinct phases
of distribution.
The volume of
distribution
calculated under
steady-state
conditions is 0.7-
1.2 L/kg body
weight. Studies

17 | P a g e
 show a protein-
binding of 96-
98%. The major
fraction of
plasma protein-
binding is due to
albumin. There is
a slow and
insignificant
passage of
midazolam into
cerebrospinal
fluid.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Temporary Causes marked Bronchodilation: 1.Briskly 1.Take as
Epinephrine relief of SOB, stimulation of Palpitations massage site of directed
tightness of alpha, beta-1, Tachycardia SC or IM 2.limit intake
chest, and and beta-2 Dizziness injection to of caffeine
wheezing due receptors, Nervousness hasten drug 3.Rinse mouth
Classification: to bronchial causing Headache action. Do not and inhaler
Sympathomimeti asthma sympathomimeti Insomnia expose drug to after use.
c, direct-acting Post intubation c stimulation, Sweating heat. Light, air
and infectious pressor effects, N&V as this causes
croup cardiac Anorexia deterioration.
Dosage: Injection: stimulation, Shock: 2.discard
1mg amp Relieve bronchodilation Anginal pain solution if
respiratory and Tachycardia reddish brown
distress in decongestion. It Palpitations and after

18 | P a g e
 bronchial crosses placenta Restlessness expiration date
asthma, during but not the tremor 3.Never
acute asthma blood brain administer
attacks, and for barrier. 1:100 solution
reversible IV; use the
bronchospasm 1:1000 solution
in chronic 4.Use
bronchitis, tuberculin
emphysema syringe to
Severe acute measure.
anaphylactic Parenteral
reactions doses are
Allergic smalland drug
reactions is potent, thus
Severe life- errors in
threatening measurement
asthma attacks may be
with wheezing, disastrous.
dyspnea, and
inability to
breathe.
Infiltration of
tissue to delay
absorption of
drugs, including
local
anesthetics.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings

19 | P a g e
Brand Name: Edema Acts by inhibiting Jaundice 1.Give 2-4 1. Take in the
Frusema Acute the Na-K-2Cl Tinnitus days per week morning on an
pulmonary symporter in Hearing 2.Give IV empty
Generic Name: edema the thick ascending impairment injections stomach to
Furosemide HPN limb of the loop of Hypotension slowly over 1-2 enhance
Henle. The action on Water/electrolyt min absorption
Classification: the distal tubules is e depletion and avoid
Diuretics independent of any Pancreatitis interruption of
inhibitory effect on Abdominal pain sleep.
carbonic anhydrase Dizziness 2. Drug may
or aldosterone; it also Anemia cause BP drop.
Dosage: abolishes the
20 mg amp corticomedullary
osmotic gradient and
blocks negative as
well as positive free
water clearance.
Due to the large NaCl
absorptive capacity
of the Loop of Henle,
diuresis is not limited
by development of
acidosis, as it is with
the carbonic
anhydrase inhibitors.
By inhibiting the
transporter, the loop
diuretics reduce the
reabsorption of NaCl
and also diminish the
lumen-positive
potential that derives
from K+ recycling.

20 | P a g e
 This electrical
potential normally
drives divalent cation
reabsorbtion in the
loop, and by reducing
this potential loop
diuretics cause an
increase in Mg2+ and
Ca2+ excretion.
Prolonged use can
cause
significant hypomagn
esemiain some
patients. Since Ca2+ is
actively reabsorbed
in the distal
convoluted tubule,
loop diuretics do not
generally cause
hypocalcemia.

Drug Indication Action Side Effects Nursing Patient

Consideration Teachings
Brand Name: Short-term Stimulates Marked 1.Before 1.Drug is
Dobutamine treatment of beta-1 increase in HR, administration, administered
cardiac receptors (in BP solution is through IV to
decompensation the heart), Hypotension diluted further improve
in adults increasing Nausea according to cardiac function
Classification: secondary to cardiac Headache client fluid thus increasing
Sympathomimeti depressed function, CO, SOB needs. Use this BP and
c, direct acting contractility due and SV, with dilute solution improving urine

21 | P a g e
 to organic heart minor effects within 24 hr. output.
disease or on HR. 2.May 2.Report any
Dosage: cardiac surgical Decreases refrigerate the chest pain,
250 mg in 20 ml procedures afterload more increased SOB,
reduction concentrated headaches or
although SBP solution for 48 IV site pain.
and pulse may hr or store at
remain room
unchanged or temperature for
increase (due 6 hr. After
to increased dilution,
CO).Also solution is
decreases stable for 24 hr
elevated at room temp.
ventricular Dilute solutions
filling pressure may darken;
and helps AV does not affect
node potency when
conduction. used within
designated time
spans.

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