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Definition
~ Distribution of diffusible ion species across a semi permeable membrane, in the
presence of a non-diffusible molecule, such that, at equilibrium, their concentration ratios are
equal.
Side A Side B
Na+ : Na+
Cl- : Cl-
Protein :
[Na]A = [Cl] B
[Na]B [Cl] A
• Net Effects
Definition
~ thermal state of a substance
SI unit - Kelvin
- what is Celsius
- how it is converted to Kelvin
Electrical
List tecniques
Based on changes of resistance
Elaborate on one technique eg wire platinum resistor
Non-electrical
List techniques eg mercury, alcohol
Based on expansion of liquid
Elaborate on one technique eg mercury thermometer
Thermocouple
Define/ describe
Diagram
Principle
Seebeck’s Effect
How it is calibrated
Define
Mild
Moderate
Severe
- CVS
- Resp
- CNS
- Plt
- Infection
- Others
Clinical applications
Eg cardiac bypass
ABG reading
Q.Write short notes on Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF)
Definition
~ transcellular fluid
Functions
Production
Choroid plexus 67%
Ependymal cells 33%
Volume 150 ml
500-600ml/day
3-4X daily
Flow
Lateral 3rd - 4th cisterna magna …
Absorption
Regulation
Rate of production
Rate of absorption : depending on pressure ICP
Graph
Clinical application
ICP in cerebral protection
hyrocephalus