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Overview
In this chapter an attempt has been made to enlighten the
details relating to concept of crime and the incidence of cognizable
crimes committed in Chennai City during 2013.
Meaning of Crime
A crime is defined as an action of violating or breaking the
law, having the intention of doing so or helping others in the process of
doing so. Crimes are viewed as offences against society, and as such are
punished by the State.
Cognizable Crimes
All cognizable crimes reported in the country are dealt by the
Police in which, a police officer may arrest a person without a warrant. In
such crimes, the police have a direct responsibility to take immediate
action on receipt of a complaint or of credible information, visit the scene
of the crimes, investigate the facts, apprehend the offender and arraign
him before a court of law having jurisdiction over the matter. Cognizable
crimes are broadly categorized as those falling either under the Indian
Penal Code or under the Special and Local Laws.
82
Non-Cognizable Offences
Non-Cognizable crimes are generally left to be pursued by
the affected parties themselves in Courts. Police does not initiate
investigation in non-cognizable crimes except with magisterial
permission. The first schedule of the Criminal Penal Code gives the
classification of the offences of the Indian Penal Code into cognizable &
non-cognizable.
Typology of Crimes
It is very difficult to classify the different types of crimes. For
the convenience of our study crimes are broadly classified into five types
on the basis of the commission of different types of crimes. They are
crimes under the category of property crimes, violent crimes, crimes
against women and children, other Indian Penal Code Crimes and special
and Local Laws Crimes.
Property Crimes
Property crime is a category of crime that includes, among
other crimes, burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, arson,
shoplifting, and vandalism. Property crime only involves the taking of
money or property, and does not involve force or threat of force against a
victim. Although robbery involves taking property, it is classified as a
violent crime, as force or threat of force on an individual that is present
is involved in contrast to burglary which is typically of an unoccupied
dwelling or other unoccupied building. Property crimes are high-volume
crimes, with cash, electronics (e.g. televisions), power tools, cameras, and
jewelry often targeted.1 "Hot products" tend to be items that are
concealable, removable, available, valuable, and enjoyable, with an ease
1 Freiberg, Arie, The Property Crime Market: A Regulatory Approach, Burglary and Car
Theft: Is Your Property Safe?, Melbourne, Australia, December, 1996.
83
of "disposal" being the most important characteristic.2 According to
Indian Penal Code criminals who commit crimes such as burglary (house
breaking) and theft are listed under the category of property crimes.
Violent Crimes
A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which the
offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim. This
entails both crimes in which the violent act is the objective, such as
murder, as well as crimes in which violence is the means to an end,
(including criminal ends) such as robbery. Violent crimes include crimes
committed with weapons. With the exception of rape (which accounts for
6% of all reported violent crimes), males are the primary victims of all
forms of violent crime.3 Violent crimes affect the life and safety of the
people. Such Crimes induce a sense of insecurity, fear and annoyance in
the community. The frequency and the magnitude of such occurrence
affect the public peace. The Indian Penal Code crimes which are reported
to the Police Authorities have been grouped as ‘Violent Crimes’ for the
purpose of crime analysis. They are violent crimes affecting life; Violent
crimes affecting property; Violent crimes affecting public safety; and
Violent crimes affecting women. Violent Crimes Affecting Life include
murder, attempt to commit murder, culpable homicide not amounting to
murder, dowry deaths and kidnapping and abduction. Violent Crimes
Affecting Property includes decoity, preparation and assembly for dacoity
and robbery. Violent Crimes Affecting Public Safety includes riots and
arson. Violent Crimes Affecting Women include rap, dowry death, cruelty
by husband and relatives, molestation, sexual harassment and
importation of girls.
2 Clarke, Ronald V., Hot Products: Understanding, Anticipating and Reducing Demand
for Stolen Goods, Police Research Series, Paper 112, Home Office, Policing and
Reducing Crime Unit, 1999.
3 Bureau of Justice Statistics Victim Characteristics.
84
Crimes against Women and Children
Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in
all socio-economic and educational classes. It cuts across cultural and
religious barriers, impeding the right of women to participate fully in
society. Violence against women takes a dismaying variety of forms, from
domestic abuse and rape to child marriages and female circumcision. All
are violations of the most fundamental human rights. Despite the fact
that Delhi is having the highest per capita income, it has more than 2.1
million people living in poverty, the majority of girls and women are
vulnerable to diseases, crime and exploitation. Most of the victims are
unskilled and illiterate. The capital is becoming ever more unsafe for
women and girls with a crime rate of 341 per million compared to 9.5 for
all over India in 1993. during 1993, as many as 233 rape cases were
reported which rose to 322 in 1994, 377 in 1995 and to 470 in 1996
showing an increase in 28.38% of registered crime. The figures for
unreported crime are not known. The various studies have shown that
the reporting of heinous crime like rape is more as compared to other
sexual crimes of harassment and exploitation. An analysis of 470 rape
cases has shown that 88% of the rape cases were committed by relatives
and close acquaintances of the victim. Of 30 rapes committed by
relatives of the victims, the fathers were responsible for 8 of them. Other
close relatives were father-in-law, uncles, cousins, ex-husbands, step
fathers and brother-in-laws. Close acquaintances that criminally violated
young girls include doctors, lovers, servants and fellow travelers. This
has also been reported from the West.
Issues relating to child victims and crimes committed
against children are a matter of serious concern for the Government,
parents and the society. The Indian Penal Code 1860 defines various
categories of offences against children. In addition, much legislation were
enacted from time to time to safeguard children from abuse, violence and
inhuman treatment. Besides legislative measures, Government has
85
started a number of programs to bring back children to school, educate
parents, etc. A number of social organizations have been working in this
field. However, the problem still remains very acute and needs better
attention from the Government agencies and Non Governmental
Organizations. There is a need for a clear definition of ‘Child’ in the
statutes of law. A Child is defined as a person who is not an adult and
who has not attained the age of 18 years. The new Juvenile Justice Act
i.e. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 defines a
child as a person up to 18 years of age. The ‘Child Marriage Restraint
Act’ of 1928 also specifies 18 years as the cut off age for restraining the
child marriage. Convention on the Rights of the Child, which has been
ratified by India in 1992, also defined a child a person upto the age of 18
years. There is no separate classification of offences categorized as
offences against children. Generally, the offences committed against
children or the crimes in which children are the victims are considered
as Crime against children. The general penal code of this country and the
various protective and preventive ‘Special and Local Laws’ specifically
mention the offences wherein children are known to be victims. The data
on crimes against children is compiled through the revised annual
returns w.e.f. year 2001. Till 2000, cumulative totals of crime statistics
available on monthly basis were used for this analysis. The revised
annual returns have additional heads like ‘murder of children’ and ‘other
unspecified crimes’. Therefore, incidents of crimes against children
during 2001 and later years may not be comparable with the figures of
2000 or prior years.
The cases in which the children are victimized and abused
can be categorized under two broad sections. They are Crimes committed
against children, who are punishable under Indian Penal Code (IPC) and
Crimes reported against children who are punishable under Special and
Local Laws (SLL).
86
Other Indian Penal Code Crimes
The core organized crime activity is the supply of illegal
goods and services to countless numbers of citizen customers. It is also
deeply involved in legitimate business and in labor unions. It employs
illegitimate methods monopolization, terrorism, extortion and tax-evasion
to drive out or control lawful ownership and leadership, and to extract
illegal profits from the public. Organized crime also corrupts public
officials to avert governmental interference and is becoming increasingly
sophisticated.
There are eight types of organized crimes. They are Drug
Abuse and Drug Trafficking; Smuggling; Money Laundering and Hawala;
Terrorism; Contract Killings; Kidnapping for Ransom; Illegal Immigration;
and Prostitution.
Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking is perhaps the most
serious organized crime affecting the country and is truly transnational
in character. India is geographically situated between the countries of
Golden Triangle and Golden Crescent and is a transit point for narcotic
drugs produced in these regions to the West. India also produces a
considerable amount of licit opium, part of which also finds place in the
illicit market in different forms. Illicit drug trade in India centres around
five major substances, namely, heroin, hashish, opium, cannabis and
methaqualone. Seizures of cocaine, amphetamine, and LSD are not
unknown but are insignificant and rare.
Smuggling, which consists of clandestine operations leading
to unrecorded trade, is another major economic offence. The volume of
smuggling depends on the nature of fiscal policies pursued by the
Government. The natural of smuggled items and the quantum thereof is
also determined by the prevailing fiscal policies.
Money Laundering means conversion of illegal and ill-gotten
money into seemingly legal money so that it can be integrated into the
legitimate economy Proceeds of drug related crimes are an important
87
source of money laundering world over. Besides, tax evasion and
violation of exchange regulations play an important role in merging this
ill-gotten money with tax evaded income so as to obscure its origin. This
aim is generally achieved via the intricate steps of placement, layering
and integration so that the money so integrated in the legitimate
economy can be freely used by the offenders without any fear of
detection.
Terrorism is a serious problem which India is facing.
Conceptually, terrorism does not fall in the category of organized crime,
as the dominant motive behind terrorism is political and/or ideological
and not the acquisition of money-power. The Indian experience, however,
shows that the criminals are perpetrating all kinds of crimes, such as
killings, rapes, kidnappings, gun-running and drug trafficking, under the
umbrella of terrorist organizations. The existing criminal networks are
being utilized by the terrorist leaders.
Contract Killing is an offence of murder punishable under
Section 302 IPC by life imprisonment or death sentence. Conviction rate
in murder cases is about 38%. The chance of detection in contract
killings is quite low. The method adopted in contract killings is by
engaging a professional gang for a monetary consideration. Part of the
prefixed amount will be paid in advance which is called ‘supari’. The rest
of the payment will be made after the commission of the crime.
Kidnapping for Ransom is a highly organized crime in urban
conglomerates. There are several local as well as inter-State gangs
involved in it at the financial rewards are immense vis-à-vis the labor
and risk involved. Generally, no injury is caused to the kidnappee if the
Kidnappers’ conditions are met. Terrorist gangs have also been
occasionally involved in kidnappings for quick money to finance their
operations. In one recent case, the kidnapee was killed even after his
family paid a huge ransom amount to a U.P. gang. The leader of the gang
was known to the victim and he feared the victim would disclose the
88
gang’s identity if released. Several arrests have been made in this case.
Incidentally, the leader of the gang is a Member of the Legislative
Assembly of the State of North India.
Illegal Immigration is a method used by Indians to get
employment in foreign countries. A large number of Indians are working
abroad, particularly in the Gulf region. Young people want to move to
foreign countries for lucrative jobs. Large scale migration is fostered by
the high rate of unemployment in the country and higher wage levels in
foreign lands. As it is not easy for the aspirants to obtain valid travel
documents and jobs abroad, they fall into the trap of unscrupulous
travel agents and employment agencies. These agencies promise to give
them valid travel documents and employment abroad on the payment of
huge amounts. Often the travel documents are not valid, and sometimes
they are simply dumped into foreign lands without giving them the
promised employment.
Prostitution is a very profitable business in which the under-
world plays an important part. Flesh trade has been flourishing in India
in various places and in different forms. The underworld is closely
connected with brothels and call girl rackets, making plenty of money
through this activity. They supply young girls to brothels in different
parts of the country, shuttling them to and from the city to minimize the
risk of their being rescued.
Economic offences form a separate category of crimes under
Criminal offences. Often they are referred as White Collar crimes. The
indulgences by Technocrats, highly qualified persons, well to do
businessmen, corporate persons, etc. in various scams and frauds
facilitated by the technological advancements, are also referred as Blue
Collared crimes. In Economic Offences, not only individuals get
victimized with pecuniary loss but also, such offences often damage the
economy and even the national defense. The offences, for example,
Smuggling of Narcotic substances, Counterfeiting of currency, Financial
89
Scams, Frauds, etc. are some of the crimes which evoke serious concern
and impact the Nation’s Security and Governance.
In India, more than 160 million people are grouped under
the category of untouchables. Human rights abuses against these people,
known as Dalits, are legion. Still today Dalits are not allowed to drink
from the same wells, attend the same temples, wear shoes in the
presence of an upper caste, or drink from the same cups in tea stalls, in
several parts of the country. The untouchables are relegated to the lowest
jobs, and live in constant fear of being publicly humiliated, paraded
naked, beaten and raped with impunity by upper caste Hindus seeking
to keep them in their place. Merely walking through an upper caste
neighborhood is a life-threatening offense. Nearly 90 percent of all the
poor Indians and 95 percent of all the illiterate Indians are Dalits,
according to figures presented at the International Dalit Conference that
took place May 16 to 18 in Vancouver, Canada.
Cyber crimes are new to India that is expanding rapidly on
use of Internet spreads. The Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000,
specifies the criminal acts. However, as the primary objective of the Act is
to create enabling environment for commercial use of IT certain
omissions and commissions for criminals with use of computers have not
been included. With the legal recognition of Electronic Records and the
amendments made in the several sections of the IPC vide the IT Act,
2000, several offences having bearing on cyber arena are also registered
under the appropriate sections of the IPC. Till now, data on cyber crimes
was not available. Concerned with the seriousness of these crimes, NCRB
has recently endeavored to collect statistical information on Cyber
Crimes under offences registered under the Information Technology Act
2000; and offences under the IPC (with use of Computers).
Let us examine the acts wherein the computer is a tool for
an unlawful act. This kind of activity usually involves a modification of a
conventional crime by using computers. Some examples are Financial
90
Crimes, Cyber Pornography, Sale of Illegal Articles, Online Gambling,
Intellectual Property Crimes, Email Spoofing, Forgery, Cyber Defamation,
Cyber Stalking, Frequently Used Cyber Crimes, Theft of Information
Contained in Electronic Form, Email Bombing, Data Diddling, Salami
Attacks, Denial of Service Attack, Virus/Worm Attacks, Logic Bombs,
Trojan Attacks, Internet Time Thefts, Web Jacking, Theft of Computer
System and Physically Damaging a Computer System.
91
Table 3.1
Incidence and Rate of Total Cognizable Crimes (IPC) During 2013 in
Chennai City
Rate of
Incidence of
Percentage Population Total
Si.No City Total Cognizable
Contribute (In Lakhs) Cognizable
Crime
Crime
1. Chennai 17747 3.2 86.96 204.1
As per actual population of the Population Census-2011
92
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) Of Cognizable Crimes (IPC) Under Different
Crime Heads in Chennai City during 2013
The details relating to Incidence and Rate of cognizable
crimes (IPC) under different crime heads in Chennai City during 2013 are
provided in the following table 3.3
Table 3.3
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) Of Cognizable Crimes (IPC) Under Different Crime Heads
in Chennai City During 2013
C.H. Not
Attempt to
Amounting to
Murder(Sec.302 IPC) Commit Murder
Si.No City Murder (Sec.304,
(Sec.307 IPC)
308 IPC)
I R I R I R
1. Chennai 201 2.3 202 2.3 1 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
93
The details relating to incidence and rate of rape committed
during 2013 provided in the above table reveal that incidence of rape
under Section 376 IPC committed was 83 and rate of rape under Section
376 IPC committed was 1.9 ; incidence of custodial rape under Section
376 IPC committed was 0 and rate of custodial rape under Section 376
IPC committed was 0.0; incidence of other rape crimes committed under
Section 376 IPC was 83 and rate of other rape crimes committed under
Section 376 IPC was 1.9.
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Kidnapping and Abduction during 2013
The details relating to incidence and rate of kidnapping and
abduction committed during 2013 are provided in the following table 3.5
Table 3.5
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Kidnapping and Abduction during 2013
94
was 0.2; incidence of dacoity under section 395-398 IPC committed was
5 and rate of dacoity under section 395-398 IPC committed was 0.1.
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of dacoity, robbery and burglary during
2013
Table 3.6
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of dacoity, robbery and burglary during 2013
Preparation and
Robbery (Sec. Burglary (Sec.499-
Assembly for
392-394, 452,454,455,457-
Si.N City Dacoity (Sec 399-
397,398 IPC) 460 IPC)
o 402 IPC)
I R I R I R
1. Chennai City 0 0.0 81 0.9 467 5.4
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Theft and Riots during 2013
The details relating to incidence and rate of theft and riots
during 2013 are provided in the following table 3.7
Table 3.7
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Theft and Riots during 2013
95
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Criminal Breach of Trust, Cheating, and
Arson during 2013
The details relating to incidence and rate of incidence and
rate of criminal breach of trust, cheating, and arson during 2013 are
provided in the following table 3.8
Table 3.8
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Criminal Breach of Trust, Cheating, and Arson during
2013
Criminal Counterfeitin
Cheating Arson
Breach of g (Sec.231-
Si. (Sec.419,42 (Sec.435,436,43
City Trust(Sec.406 254, 489A-
No 0 IPC) 8 IPC)
-409 IPC) 489D IPC)
I R I R I R I R
1. Chennai 13 0.1 492 5.7 148 1.7 22 0.3
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Hurt, Dowry Deaths, Assault on Women
and Insult to the modesty of Women during 2013
The details relating to incidence and rate of hurt, dowry
deaths, assault on women and insult to the modesty of women during
2013 are provided in the following table 3.9
Table 3.9
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Hurt,Dowry Deaths, Assault on Women and Insult to
the modesty of Women during 2013
Assault on Insult to
Women with the
Dowry
Hurt (Sec 323- intent to modesty of
Deaths (Sec
Si.No City 333,335-338 IPC) outrage her Women
304B IPC)
modesty (Sec.509
(Sec.354 IPC) IPC)
I R I R I R I R
1. Chennai 1213 13.9 12 0.3 55 1.3 155 3.6
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Importation
of Girls Causing Total
Cruelty by
from Death by Cognizable
husband or his Other IPC
Foreign Negligence Crimes
Si.No City Relatives(Sec.49 crimes
Country (Sec. 304 Under IPC
8A IPC)
(Sec.366B A IPC)
IPC)
I R I R I R I R I R
Chenn 14 1774
1. 221 5.1 0 0.0 1240 11315 130.1 204.1
ai .3 7
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
98
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) Under Different Crime Heads
during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012
99
Table 3.12
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under rape during 2013 and Percentage
Variation over 2012
101
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under robbery and burglary
during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012
The details relating to incidence of cognizable crime (ipc)
under robbery and burglary during 2013 and percentage variation over
2012 are provided in the following table 3.15
Table 3.15
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under robbery and burglary during 2013 and
Percentage Variation over 2012
Theft(Sec.379-382 IPC)
Total Auto Theft Other Theft
Si.No City %
% %
2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Variatio
Variation Variation
n
Chenn
1. 2169 1664 -23.3 263 292 11.0 1906 1372 -28.0
ai
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
102
The details relating to incidence of cognizable crime (ipc)
under theft during 2013 and percentage variation over 2012 provided in
the above table reveal that the total theft under Section 379-382 IPC
committed was 2169 during 2012 and 1664 during 2013 and percentage
variation was -23.3; auto theft under Section 379-382 IPC committed
was 263 during 2012 and 292 during 2013 and percentage variation was
11.0; other theft crimes under Section 379-382 IPC committed was 1906
during 2012 and 1372 during 2013 and percentage variation was -28.0;
103
under Section 419, and 420 IPC committed was 769 during 2012 and
492 during 2013 and percentage variation was -36.0
Counterfeiting(Sec.231-
Arson(Sec. 435,436,438 IPC)
254,489A-489D IPC)
Si.No City
% %
2012 2013 2012 2013
Variation Variation
1. Chennai 137 148 8.0 10 22 120.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
104
Table 3.19
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under hurt and dowry deaths crimes during
2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012
Hurt (Sec.323-333,335-338
Dowry Deaths (Sec.304B IPC)
IPC)
Si.No City
% %
2012 2013 2012 2013
Variation Variation
1. Chennai 1412 1213 -14.1 12 12 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
105
to the modesty of women under Section 509 IPC committed was 141
during 2012 and 155 during 2013 and percentage variation was 9.9
106
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under other crimes and total
cognizable crimes under IPC during 2013 and Percentage Variation
over 2012
The details relating to incidence of cognizable crime (IPC)
under other crimes and total cognizable crimes under IPC during 2013
and percentage variation over 2012 are provided in the following table
3.22
Table 3.22
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under other crimes and total cognizable
crimes under IPC during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012
107
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
108
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
109
Table 3.25
Incidence of Cognizable Crime arson, hurt, assult on women, insult to the
modesty of women, cruelty by husband or his relatives, girls from foreign country,
causting death by negligence, other crimes and cognizable crime (IPC) During
2013
Assault
Impo
on
rtatio Tota
Women Causi
Ars n of l
Hurt( Dow with Insult Cruelty ng
on( Girls Cog
Sec.3 ry Intent to the by Deat Oth
Sec. from niza
23- Deat to modest Husband h by er
Si. 435 Forei ble
District 333,3 h(Se Outrag y of or his Negli IPC
No ,43 gn Cri
35- c.30 e her Women Relative gence Cri
6,4 Coun me
338I 4B modest (Sec.50 s(SEc.49 (Sec. me
38 try Und
PC) IPC) y of 9 IPC) 8 A IPC) 304A
IPC) (Sec. er
Women IPC)
366B Ipc
(Sec.50
IPC)
9 IPC)
113 1774
1. chennai 22 1213 12 55 155 221 0 1240
15 7
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
110
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes(SLL) Under Different
Crime Heads Chennai Cities During 2013
The details relating to incidence and rate of cognizable
crimes (SSL) under difference crime heads in Chennai city during 2013
are provided in the following table 3.26
Table 3.26
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) Under
Different Crime Heads Chennai Cities During 2013
I R I R I R I R
1. Chennai 6 0.1 157 1.8 471 5.4 0 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
111
Table 3.27
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) prohibition, explosives and
explosive substances act, immoral traffic and Indian railways Act Chennai Cities
During 2013
112
foreigners Act was 0.1; incidence of PCR Act was one and rate was zero;
incidence of PCR Act for SCs was one and rate was zero.
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) PCR, Indian
passport and essential commodities Act During 2013
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) terrorist and
disruptive, antiquities, dowry prohibition Act During 2013
The details relating to incidence (I) and rate (R) of cognizable
crimes (SLL) terrorist and disruptive, antiquities, dowry prohibition act
during 2013 are provided in the following table 3.30
113
Table 3.30
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) terrorist and disruptive,
antiquities, dowry prohibition Act During 2013
Terrorist
Antiquities
and Dowry Prohibition of
and Art
Disruptive Prohibition Child Marriage
Si.No City Treasures
Activities Act Act @
Act
Act
I R I R I R I R
1. Chennai 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 0 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Indecent Commission of
Si.No City Representation of Copyright Act Sati Prevention
Women(P) Act Act
I R I R I R
1. Chennai 2 0.1 733 8.4 0 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
114
the incidence of indecent representation of women Act was two and rate
of 0.1; incidence of copyright Act was 733 and rate of copyright Act was
8.4; incidence of commission of sati prevention Act was zero and rate was
0.0.
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) forest Act,
other SLL crimes and total cognizable crimes under SLL Act During
2013
The details relating to incidence (I) and rate (R) of cognizable
crimes (SLL) forest act, other SLL crimes and total cognizable crimes
under SLL act during 2013 are provided in the following table 3.33
115
Table 3.33
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) forest Act, other SLL crimes
and total cognizable crimes under SLL Act During 2013
Total Cognizable
Forest Act Other SLL Crimes
Si.No City Crimes Under SLL
I R I R I R
1. Chennai 4 0.0 119946 1379.3 131931 1517.1
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
116
Incidence of Crimes Committed against Women During 2013
The details relating to incidence of crimes committed against
women during 2013 are provided in the following table 3.35
Table 3.35
Incidence of Crimes Committed Against Women During 2013
Kidnapping Cruelty by
Female and Dowry Husband or
Rape(Sec.3
Si. Populat Abduction(Sec Deaths(Sec. his
City 76 IPC)
No ion *(in .363-369,371- 304 B IPC) Relatives**(Se
Lakh) 373 IPC) c.498 AIPC)
I R P I R P I R P I R P
chen 8 1. 1. 0.9 0.4 1 0.2 1.5 22 5.1 1.0
1. 43.07 42
nai 3 93 69 8 8 2 8 1 1 3 6
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
117
Table 3.36
Incidence of Crimes Committed against Women assault, insult, importation,
commission of during 2013
118
Table 3.37
Incidence of Crimes Committed against Women immoral traffic, indecent
representation of women, dowry prohibition Act commission of during 2013
Indecent
Immoral Representati Dowry
Si. Traffic(P) on of Prohibition Total
City
No Act,1956 Women (P) Act,1961
Act,1986
I R P I R P I R P I R P
26 6.1 21.7 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.2 83 19.4 1.5
1. Chennai 2 4
4 3 1 5 0 9 5 8 6 7
I - Incidence R – Rate of Crime P – Percentage share
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
No.of Victims
No.of
Upto 10- 14- 18- 30- Above
Si.No City Cases Total
10 14 18 30 50 50
Reported Victims
Years Years Years Years Years Years
1. Chennai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
119
The details relating to age group wise victims of rape cases
during 2013 provided in the above table reveal that the number of
victims zero.
No.of Victims
No.of
Up to 10- 14- 18- 30- Above
Si.No City Cases Total
10 14 18 30 50 50
Reported Victims
Years Years Years Years Years Years
1. Chennai 83 3 10 35 32 1 2 83
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
120
The details relating to offenders relation and proximity to
rape victims 2013 provided in the above table reveal that the number of
cases in which offenders were known to the victims was 83; number of
cases in which offenders were parents close family members was zero;
number of cases in which offenders were relatives was two; number of
cases in which offenders were neighbors was 26; number of cases in
which offenders were other known persons was 55.
Incidence (I), Rate (R) And Percentage Contribution (P) To All India
Total Of Crimes Committed Against Children During 2013
The details relating to incidence, rate and percentage
contribution to all India total of crimes committed against children
during 2013 are provided in the following table 3.42
Table 3.42
Incidence(I), Rate (R) And Percentage Contribution (P) To All India Total Of Crimes
Committed Against Children During 2013
121
The details relating to incidence, rate and percentage
contribution to all India total of crimes committed against children
during 2013 provided in the above table reveal that the incidence of
infanticide under Section 315 IPC committed was zero and rate and
percentage zero; incidence of murder under Section 302 IPC committed
was 12 and rate was zero and percentage share of murder 302 IPC
committed was 6.3; incidence of rape under Section 376 IPC committed
was 48 and rate of rape under Section 376 IPC committed was zero and
percentage share of rape under Section 376 IPC committed was 2.2.
122
369,371-373 IPC committed was 0.6; incidence of abetment to suicide
under Section was zero and rate was zero and percentage share was zero.
Prohibiti
Buying of Girls Selling of Girls
on of
for for Other
Si. Child total
City Prostitution(Sec Prostitution(Sec Crimes
No Marriage
.373 IPC) .372 IPC)
Act 2006
I R P I R P I R P I R
P I R P
Chen 0. 0. 11 0.
1. 0 @ 0.0 0 @ 0.0 0 @ 0 @ @
nai 0 0 2 8
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
123
Table 3.45
Value of Property Stolen and Recovered and Percentage Recovery
During 2013
No.of Vehicles
Motor Cycles, Motor
Si.No City Buses
Scooters Car/Taxi/Jeep
S R C S R C S R C
1 Chennai 182 175 175 47 37 37 0 0 0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
124
and total motor vehicles during 2013 are provided in the following table
3.47
Table 3.47
Details Of Vehicles Stolen (S), Recovered(R) and Coordinated(C) number of goods
carrying, other motor and total motor vehicles during 2013
No.of Vehicles
Goods Carrying Vehicles Other Motor Total Motor
Si.No City
(trucks/Tempo Etc.) Vehicles Vehicles
S R C S R C S R C
1 Chennai 20 20 20 43 42 42 292 274 274
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Residential
Highways Rivers and Sea
Si.No City Premises
Number Value Number Value Number value
1. Chennai 1 0.1 2 79.0 0 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
125
committed number of residential premises was one and value was 0.1;
number of highways was two and value of highways was 79.0; number
and value of rivers and sea was zero.
Residential
Highways Rivers and Sea
Si.No city Premises
Number Value Number Value Number value
1. Chennai 23 33.6 0 0.0 0 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Commercial
Banks Other Places total
Si.No city Establishments
Number value Number value Number value Number value
1. Chennai 0 0.0 8 15.1 50 114.8 81 163.5
126
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Residential
Highways Rivers and Sea
Si.No city Premises
Number Value Number Value Number value
1. Chennai 339 231.5 0 0.0 0 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
127
Number of Burglary Cases Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place Of
Occurrence During 2013
Commercial
Banks Other Places total
Si.No City Establishments
Number value Number value Number value Number value
1. Chennai 0 0.0 87 71.9 41 15.0 467 318.4
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Residential
Highways Rivers and Sea
Si.No city Premises
Number Value Number Value Number value
1. Chennai 254 204.9 0 0.0 0 0.0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
128
Number of Theft (Sec.379-382 IPC) Cases Reported and Value of
Property stolen By Place of Occurrence During 2013
The details relating to number of theft cases reported and
value of property stolen by place of occurrence during 2013 are provided
in the following table 3.54
Table 3.54
Number of Theft Cases Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place of
Occurrence During 2013
Commercial
Banks Other Places total
Si.No city Establishments
Number value Number value Number value Number value
1. Chennai 1 0.5 190 327.3 1219 1297.9 1664 1830.6
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
129
The details relating to incidence of cases registered under
cyber crimes in Chennai city during 2012 and 2013 and percentage
variation provided in the above table reveal that the IT Act 15 during
2012 and during 2013 was five and percentage variation was -66.7.
Persons Arrested Under IPC Sections for Cyber Crimes by Age Group
During 2013
The details relating to persons arrested under IPC sections
for cyber crimes by age groups during 2013 are provided in the following
table 3.56
Table 3.56
Persons Arrested Under IPC Sections for Cyber Crimes By Age Group During 2013
Below Between Between Between Above
Si.No City 18 18-30 30-45 45-60 60 Total
Years Years Years Years Years
1. Chennai 0 8 3 0 0 11
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Hacking Failure
Loss /
To assist in
damage Obscene Of
Tampering decrypting
to Publication / compliance
Computer the
computer Hacking Transmission /
Si.No City Source information
resource (Sec. In Electronic orders of
Document intercepted
/ 66(2) Form Certifying
(Sec. 65) by Govt.
Utility Sec. 67 Authority
Agency
(Sec. (Sec. 68)
(Sec. 69)
66(1)
1. Chennai 0 0 4 1 0 0
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
130
The details relating to incidence of cyber crimes cases registered
during 2013 provided in the above table reveal that the hacking under
Section was four; obscene publication under Section was one.
Offen
Crimi
ces Destruc
nal tot
by / False tion
Breac al
Again electr of
Si. Forg h of
st onic electro Counterfeiting
No ery Trust
Publi eviden nic Curre
City / Prope
c ce evidenc Tampe ncy /
Frau rty
Serva e ring Stam
d Mark
nt ps
Chen
1. 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 0 8
nai
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
131
Table 3.59
Cases Registered Under Cyber Crimes Categorized By Motives During 2013
Motives
Reve Prank/
Frau
Si. nge / Gree Satisfacti Eve
City Cause d/
no Settli d/ Extorti on Teasing / Othe tot
Disrepu Illeg
ng Mone on of Harassm rs al
te al
Score y Gaining ent
Gain
s Control
1. Chennai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 13
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
Suspects
Neighbours
Disgrunted Cracker /
Foreign Business /
Si.no City Employee Student /
National Competit Friends Others Total
/ Professional
/Group or and
Employee learners
Relatives
1. Chennai 0 0 0 0 0 13 13
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
132
The details relating of incidence of total cognizable crimes
(IPC) cities during (2008-2013) along with percentage changes during
2013 in Chennai City are provided in the following table 3.61
Table 3.61
Incidence of Total Cognizable Crimes (IPC) During (2008-2013) Along with
Percentage Changes during 2013 in Chennai City
Quniquennial
SI.NO CITY 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 average 2013
(2008-12)
1. Chennai 11829 10905 10869 21346 19881 14966 17747
Crime in India 2013 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau Ministry Home Affairs, New Delhi
To Sum Up
In this chapter an attempt has been made to enlighten the
details relating to crime and the incidence of cognizable crimes
committed in Chennai City during 2013 under the headings Meaning of
Crime, Crimes under Indian Penal Code, Cognizable Crimes, Non-
Cognizable Offences, Typology of Crimes, Property Crimes, Violent
Crimes, Crimes against Women and Children, Other Indian Penal Code
Crimes, Special and Local Laws Crimes, Incidence and Rate of Total
Cognizable Crimes (IPC) during 2013 in Chennai City, Incidence and
Rate of Total Cognizable Crimes (SLL) in Chennai City During 2013,
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) Of Cognizable Crimes (IPC) Under Different
Crime Heads in Chennai City during 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of
Rape Committed during 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Kidnapping
and Abduction during 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of dacoity, robbery
133
and burglary during 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Theft and Riots
during 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Criminal Breach of Trust,
Cheating, and Arson during 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Hurt,
Dowry Deaths, Assault on Women and Insult to the modesty of Women
during 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cruelty by husband or his
Relatives, Girls from Foreign Country, Causing Death by Negligence and
Other Crimes, Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) Under Different Crime
Heads during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012, Incidence of
Cognizable Crime (IPC) under rape during 2013 and Percentage Variation
over 2012, Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under kidnapping and
abduction during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012, Incidence of
Cognizable Crime (IPC) under dacoity preparation and assembly for
dacoity during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012, Incidence of
Cognizable Crime (IPC) under robbery and burglary during 2013 and
Percentage Variation over 2012, Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC)
under theft during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012, Incidence
of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under riots, criminal breach of trust and
cheating crimes during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012,
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under counterfeiting and arson
crimes during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012, Incidence of
Cognizable Crime (IPC) under hurt and dowry deaths crimes during 2013
and Percentage Variation over 2012, Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC)
under assault and insult crimes during 2013 and Percentage Variation
over 2012, Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under cruetly husband or
his relatives, importation of girls from foreign country and causing death
by negligence crimes during 2013 and Percentage Variation over 2012,
Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) under other crimes and total
cognizable crimes under IPC during 2013 and Percentage Variation over
2012, Incidence of Cognizable Crime (IPC) crime preparation and
assembly dacoity, robbery, burglary, theft, riots, criminal Beach of trust,
cheating and counter feiting during 2013, Incidence of Cognizable Crime
134
arson, hurt, assult on women, insult to the modesty of women, cruelty by
husband or his relatives, girls from foreign country, causting death by
negligence, other crimes and cognizable crime (IPC) During 2013,
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes(SLL) Under Different
Crime Heads Chennai Cities During 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of
Cognizable Crimes(SLL) prohibition, explosives and explosive substances
act, immoral traffic and Indian railways Act Chennai Cities During 2013,
Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) PCR, Indian
passport and essential commodities Act During 2013, Incidence (I) and
Rate (R) of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) terrorist and disruptive, antiquities,
dowry prohibition Act During 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R) of
Cognizable Crimes (SLL) indecent representation of women, copyright,
commission of sati prevention Act During 2013, Incidence (I) and Rate (R)
of Cognizable Crimes (SLL) SC/ST prevention atrocities Act During 2013,
Incidence of Crimes Committed against Women During 2013, Incidence
of Crimes Committed against Women assault, insult, importation,
commission of during 2013, Incidence of Crimes Committed against
Women immoral traffic, indecent representation of women, dowry
prohibition Act commission of during 2013, Age-Group-Wise Victims of
(Incest) Rape Cases During 2013, Age-Group-Wise Victims Of (Other
Rape Cases During 2013), Offenders Relation and Proximity to Rape
Victims 2013, Incidence and Rate of Crime Committed Against Children
in Cities During 2013, Incidence(I), Rate (R) And Percentage Contribution
(P) To All India Total Of Crimes Committed Against Children During
2013, Incidence (I), Rate (R) And Percentage Contribution (P) kidnapping,
abetment, exposure and abandonment and procreation Committed
Against Children During 2013, Incidence (I), Rate (R) And Percentage
Contribution (P) buying of girls for prostitution, selling of girls for
prostitution, prohibition of child marriage and other crimes Committed
Against Children During 2013, Value of Property Stolen and Recovered
and Percentage Recovery During 2013, Details of Vehicles Stolen (S),
135
Recovered(R) and Coordinated(C) During 2013, Details Of Vehicles
Stolen (S), Recovered(R) and Coordinated(C) number of goods carrying,
other motor and total motor vehicles during 2013, Number of Dacoity
(Sec. 395-398 IPC) Cases Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place
of Occurrence During 2013, Number of Robbery (Sec. 392-394,397,398
IPC) Cases Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place of Occurrence
During 2013, Number of Robbery (Sec. 392-394,397,398 IPC) Cases
Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place of Occurrence During
2013, Number of Burglary (Sec.449-452,454,455, 457-460 IPC) Cases
Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place of Occurrence During
2013, Number of Burglary (Sec.449-452,454,455, 457-460 IPC) Cases
Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place of Occurrence During
2013, Number of Theft (Sec.379-382 IPC) Cases Reported and Value of
Property stolen By Place of Occurrence During 2013, Number of Theft
(Sec.379-382 IPC) Cases Reported and Value of Property stolen By Place
of Occurrence During 2013, Incidence of Cases Registered Under Cyber
Crimes in Chennai during 2012 and 2013 and Percentage Variation,
Persons Arrested Under IPC Sections for Cyber Crimes by Age Group
During 2013, Incidence of Cyber Crimes Cases Registered During 2013
(IT Act 2000), Cases Registered Under Cyber Crimes Categorized By
Motives and Suspects During 2013, Cases Registered Under Cyber
Crimes Categorized By Suspects During 2013 and the Incidence of Total
Cognizable Crimes (IPC) During (2008-2013) Along with Percentage
Changes during 2013 in Chennai City. The incidence and rate of total
cognizable crimes (IPC) during 2013 in Chennai City, incidence and rate
of total cognizable crimes (SLL) in Chennai City during 2013 reveal that
the crimes in Chennai city are important problems for Chennai city
Police. The incidence and rate of IPC crimes and Special and Local Laws
Crimes reveal that different types of crimes have been committed in
Chennai city.
136