Picture Puzzle of a Volcano

What are the three main volcanoes?

There are three main types of volcano - composite or strato, shield and dome.

Composite Volcanoes

Composite volcanoes, sometimes known as strato volcanoes, are steep sided cones formed from layers of ash
and [lava] flows. The eruptions from these volcanoes may be a pyroclastic flow rather than a flow of lava. A
pyroclastic flow is a superheated mixture of hot steam, ash, rock and dust. A pyroclastic flow can travel down the side
of a volcano at very high speeds with temperatures over 400 degrees celsius. Composite volcanoes can rise over
8000 feet.

When composite volcanoes erupt they are explosive and pose a threat to nearby life and property.Eruptions are
explosive due to the thick, highly viscous lava that is produced by composite cone volcanoes. This viscous lava has a
lot to do with why they are shaped the way they are. The thick lava cannot travel far down the slope of the volcano
before it cools.

Composite volcanoes are usually found at destructive plate margins. Examples of composite volcanoes include
Mount Fuji (Japan), Mount St Helens (USA) and Mount Pinatubo (Philippines).

Shield Volcanoes

Shield volcanoes are low with gently sloping sides and are formed from layers of lava. Eruptions are typically non-
explosive. Shield volcanoes produce fast flowing fluid [lava] that can flow for many miles. Eruptions tend to be
frequent but relatively gentle. Although these eruptions destroy property, death or injury to humans rarely occurs.

Shield volcanoes are usually found at constructive boundaries and sometimes at volcanic hotspots. Examples of
shield volcanoes include Mount Kilauea and Maunaloa on Hawaii.

Dome (Acid Lava Cones)

Acid [lava] is much thicker than [lava] which flows from shield volcanoes. Dome volcanoes have much steeper sides
than shield volcanoes. This is because the lava is thick and sticky. It cannot flow very far before ot cools and hardens.
An example is Puy de Dome in the Auvergne region of France which last erupted over 1 million years ago.

Why do people live close to volcanoes?

Volcanoes have a wide range of effects on humans. These can be problematic or beneficial. It is usually the
destructive nature of volcanoes which is more widely documented. However, many people rely on volcanoes for their
everyday survival. Today, many millions of people live close to volcanoes for this very reason.

People live close to volcanoes because Geothermal energy can be harnessed by using the steam from underground
which has been heated by the Earth's magma. This steam is used to drive turbines in geothermal power stations to
produce electricity for domestic and industrial use. Countries such as Iceland and New Zealand use this method of
generating electricity.

Volcanoes attract millions of visitors around the world every year. Apart from the volcano itself, hot springs and
geysers can also bring in the tourists. This creates many jobs for people in the tourism industry. This includes work in
hotels, restaurants and gift shops. Often locals are also employed as tour guides.

[Lava] from deep within the earth contains minerals which can be mined once the lava has cooled. These include
gold, silver, diamonds, copper and zinc, depending on their mineral composition. Often, mining towns develop around
volcanoes.

Volcanic areas often contain some of the most mineral rich soils in the world. This is ideal for farming. [Lava] and
material from [pyroclastic flows] are weathered to form nutrient rich soil which can be cultivated to produce healthy
crops and rich harvests.

List of active volcanoes in the Philippines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For a list of Philippine mountains which include those classified as active volcanoes, see List of
mountains in the Philippines.
Active volcanoes in the Philippines, as categorized by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS), include volcanoes in the country having erupted within historical times
(within the last 600 years), with accounts of these eruptions documented by humans; or having
erupted within the last 10,000 years (holocene) based on analyses of datable materials. However,
there is no consensus among volcanologists on how to define an "active" volcano. As of 2012,
PHIVOLCS lists 23 volcanoes as active in the Philippines, 21 of which have historical eruptions, one
strongly fumarolic volcano -Cabalian - and Leonard Kniaseff with activity dated 1800BP (C14).[1]
There are 50 Philippines volcanoes listed by the royal Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism
Program (GVP) at present,[2] of which 20 are categorized as "historical" and 59 as "holocene". [2] The
GVP lists volcanoes with historical, Holocene eruptions, or possibly older if strong signs of volcanism
are still evident through thermal features like fumaroles, hot springs, mud pots, etc.[3]

Mayon is a classic stratovolcano with a small central summit crater. The

cone is considered the world's most perfectly formed volcano for its symmetry, which was formed through layers of
lava flows and pyroclastic surges from past eruptions and erosion.

Taal Volcano (Filipino: Bulkang Taal) is a complex volcano located

on the island ofLuzon in the Philippines. It is the second most active volcano in the Philippines with 33 historical
eruptions. All of these eruptions are concentrated on Volcano Island, anisland near the middle of Taal Lake.

Taal in BatangasType · Stratovolcano ... Taal Volcano is an active volcano on the island of Luzon in the ... A
cinder cone in an acidic lake on Taal Volcano.

Type: Stratovolcano
Location: Luzon, Philippines
Last eruption: 1977
Elevation: 400 metres (1,312 feet)

/Kanlaon_Volcano

Its adjacent volcanic edifices are Mount Silay and Mount Mandalagan, north of Kanlaon. Canlaon, the city that has
jurisdiction on the Negros Oriental side of the volcano, lies on its lower slope about 8.5 km (5.3 mi) ESE of the
summit.
Volcanic arc/belt: Negros Volcanic Belt
Location: Negros Island, Philippines
Last eruption: June 18, 2016

Bulusan in Sorsogon
 PHYSICAL FEATURES
Elevation: 1.559 km
Base Diameter: 15 km
Type of Volcano: Stratovolcano formed inside a caldera
GEOLOGICAL FEATURES
Rock Type: Two-pyroxene andesite in Bulusan, dacite associated with caldera
Tectonic Setting: Bicol Volcanic Chain
Date of eruptive deposits:
a) 1500 - 5800 years based on material from pyroclastic deposits
b) 30K+ for caldera deposits

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
Number of Historical Eruptions: 16
Latest Eruption/Activity: 06 November 2010 - 13 May 2011
Precursors to Eruption:
1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds
2. Increased steaming activity
3. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano's upper slopes
4. Variation in the temperature of hot springs at San Benon
5. Rumbling sound
6. Increased amount of whitish to yellowish deposits of sulfur sublimates at NNW portion of the crater

VOLCANIC HAZARDS
Type of Hazards:
1. Pyroclastic flows (hot blasts, hot avalanche)
2. Lava flows
3. Lahars
4. Ashfall
2. Ground deformation – precise leveling, electronic distance measurement (EDM), tilt
3. Hotspring temperature and flow rate measurements
5. Visual observations – steaming activity and other visually observed phenomena

.
PHYSICAL FEATURES
Elevation: 0.688 km
Base Diameter: 4.5 km
Type of Volcano: Cinder cone

GEOLOGICAL FEATURES
Rock Type: Basalt
Tectonic Setting: Babuyan (Bashi) Segment of Luzon-Taiwan Arc.

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
Number of Historical Eruptions: 5
Latest Eruption/Activity: 1924
Eruption Type: phreatic, flank eruption
Volcanic Hazards: lava flow, tsunami
SMITH IN CALAYAN

Hibok-Hibok (left) and Mt Vulcan (right), the volcanic cone created in the

1871 flank eruption. Mount Hibok-Hibok (also known as Catarman Volcano) is a stratovolcano onCamiguin
Island in the Philippines. It is one of the active volcanoes in the country and part of the Pacific ring of fire.
 Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano, or a cone-shaped volcano, that is

made from many layers of hardened ash, lava and other volcanic rock. Stratovolcanoes are also called composite
volcanoes.
Pinatubo in Zambales

NAME OF VOLCANO: MUSUAN

LOCATION: Bukidnon, 4.5 km south of Valencia or 81 km southeast of Cagayan de
Oro City (7°52'N, 125°04.4' E)

PHYSICAL FEATURES
Elevation: 0.646 km
Base Diameter: 3 km
Type of Volcano: Dome, Tuff cone
GEOLOGICAL FEATURES
Rock Type: Olivine-bearing andesite and dacite
Tectonic Setting: Central Mindanao Arc
VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
Number of Historical Eruptions: 2
Year: 1866 and 1867
QUIZ
Identify the type of Volcanoes found in the Philippines

Mount Musuan- Bukidnon Mount Pinatubo- Zambales

Mount Mayon – Legaspi, Albay Mount Bulusan - Sorsogon

Mount Taal - Batangas