Cálculo de Várias Variáveis

Antônio de A. e Silva & Marivaldo P. Matos

Prefácio

Este texto é produto da experiência dos autores quando ministraram por diversas vezes a disciplina
para os cursos Ciências Exatas e Engenharias da UFPB e na Licenciatura em Matemática a Distância
da UFPBVirtual.
O principal objetivo deste texto é fazer com que os alunos compreendam com clareza os conceitos
envolvendo funções de várias variáveis, de um ponto de vista geométrico e algébrico, e desenvolvam a
capacidade de modelar problemas matemáticos e provas envolvendo conjuntos topológicos, bem como
as noções intuitivas de limites, continuidade, derivadas parciais, diferenciabilidade, comportamento de
funções, integrais de linha e de superfície.
O público a que o livro se destina são os estudantes com conhecimento prévio de cálculo diferencial
e integral, equivalente a um período letivo, familiarizados com as idéias de derivada e integral, em
seus aspectos fundamentais, e com uma noção razoável sobre simbologia e lógica matemática, de
modo a compreender etapas que vão da formulação à demonstração de resultados matemáticos pouco
so…sticados. Conhecimentos básicos sobre cálculo vetorial, retas, planos, cônicas e quádricas são
recomendados, mas não indispensáveis.
É nossa expectativa que este texto assuma o caráter de espinha dorsal de uma experiência perma-
nentemente renovável, sendo, portanto, bem vindas as críticas e/ou sugestões apresentadas por todos
- professores ou alunos que dele …zerem uso.
Os termos ou expressões que consideramos pouco comuns foram grafados em itálico e indicam
que estão sendo de…nidos naquele ponto do texto ou que serão formalizados nas seções ou capítulos
posteriores. Como parte do processo de treinamento e para desenvolver a capacidade do estudante de
pensar por si mesmo em termos das novas de…nições, incluímos no …nal de cada seção uma extensa
lista de exercícios.
O livro é composto de uma parte sobre cálculo diferencial e outra sobre cálculo integral, onde
apresentamos os conceitos e métodos fundamentais, com vistas às aplicações. Por se tratar de um
texto de cálculo, julgamos conveniente omitir a demonstração de alguns resultados, principalmente
na parte de cálculo integral, mas levando em consideração dois aspectos: primeiro, a formulação
matemática adequada e, depois, a exempli…cação de como utilizá-los.
No capítulo 1 apresentaremos algumas de…nições e resultados sobre conceitos topológicos, funções
reais de duas ou mais variáveis reais, limites e continuidade, que serão necessárias para o entendimento
dos próximas capítulos.
No capítulo 2 apresentaremos as de…nições de derivadas parciais, diferenciabilidade, Regra da
Cadeia, derivada direcional e gradiente que serão necessários para as aplicações.
No capítulo 3 apresentaremos os problemas de maximazação e minimização, o Método dos Multi-
plicadores de Lagrange, derivação implícita e transformações.
No capítulo 4 apresentaremos algumas de…nições e resultados sobre integrais múltiplas e mudança
de coordenadas.
No capítulo 5 apresentaremos algumas de…nições e resultados sobre campos de vetores, funções
vetoriais, integrais de linha e independência do caminho.
Finalmente, no capítulo 6 apresentaremos os conceitos de superfícies parametrizadas e integrais de
superfície, além dos teoremas clássicos do cálculo integral: Teorema de Green, Teorema da Divergência
de Gauss e o Teorema de Stokes.

agradecimentos
Os autores reconhecem e agradecem a gentileza dos colegas Ailton Ribeiro de Assis, Inaldo Bar-
bosa de Albuquerque, João Bosco Batista Lacerda, José Gomes de Assis, todos do Departamento de
Matemática do CCEN - UFPB, pelas sugestões incorporadas ao texto e, sobretudo, pelo encoraja-
mento para realizar esta obra. Agradecemos especialmente a Luizalba Santos e Souza pela leitura
cuidadosa da primeira versão. Aos nossos inúmeros ex-alunos, que de alguma forma contribuíram
para o sucesso deste trabalho, registramos nossos sinceros agradecimentos.

Antônio de A. e Silva & Marivaldo P. Matos

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