THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PREDICTION OF SHIP

MODEL RESISTANCE WITH SEMI ELLIPTICAL SECTION,

NOZZLE-LIKE SIDE STRIPS

M. A. Djabbar , Juswan, S. Hariyanto

Lecturers, Dept. Naval Architecture, Fac. Engineering, Hasanuddin University
Kampus Unhas , Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245 , Email : kapal9uh@indosat.net.id

Abstract
This year the number of ship accidence at sea due to instability is still significant, therefore the need of
stabilizing them is important. As previous works, since the resistance of strips added ships most probably
high, the accurate calculation is an interesting problems. This paper is aimed at finding the mixed
way(combined theory and experiment) to predict the resistance of full scale resistance ships with strips.The
model resistance was calculated using combined Guldhammer and Harvald way.The results are at lower
speeds the resistances about the same between theory and experiments, while at higher speeds the
experiment produced lower resistance

Keyword: Ship model, nozzle side strips, theoretical resistance

1. Introduction
Last October, 2007, Motor Ship of Acita 03 measuring 38 GT sank around South East
Sulawesi, killed a number of passengers (Fajar daily and Metro TV, 2007) Beside that, a
couple of ship accidents took place on Indonesian waters due to big waves, this year of
2007 ( January to October).
As previous work (Djabbar, 2005 and 2006), (Hanif, 2004), and (Mansyur, 2006), the
strips are expected to improve the stability of the ships and finding accurate resistance
force.
The work was estimated the resistance of the model experimentally and compared with
experimental related model.
This work emphasize the theory of resistance prediction of the model to predict full scale
ship.
This paper is aimed at finding the mixed way(combined theory and experiment) to
predict the resistance of full scale resistance ships with strips.
2. Ship Model
Model of ship called KM CARAKA JAYA made from wood, Figure 1 was used. The
model size are L x B x H x d : 1.02 m x 0.17 m x 0.085 m x 0.055 m. The
maximum wide of the strip is about half the hull breadth. The fore cross section is
approximately 0.0027 square meter while the aft cross section is about 0.00166 square
meter. The strip length is 0.44 m.
 Steam
Bow View
Tampak Buritan Tampak Haluan

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
10 11 12
a =0, 46 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

a =0, 66

8,5
5,5 4,5

18.5

Side view

43.8

Top View

98,8 cm

Figure 1. Model, Semi Elliptical Oblique Front Section

3. Mathematical Statements and Calculation Method
The basic of the theoretical calculation of ship resistance was Newton’s second law.
∑ Fx = m a x
du
ax =
dt
u = u ( x, y , z , t ) 1
The equation of motion in the x direction
Du
∑ Fx = m 2
Dt
Ship (total) resistance, obtained from the force against the moving direction, Eq. 3 reads
1
R=C ρ V2 S 3
2
where
C : Total resistance coefficient
V : Ship velocity
S : Wetted surface
C = Cf + Cr 4
Cf : Frictional coefficient
Cf = f (Rn )
The International Towing Tank Conference, 1957
0.075
Cf = 5
(log Rn − 2) 2
Cr : Residual coefficient
Cr = f ( Fn )
The model resistance was calculated using (Guldhammer and Harvald, 1985) based on an
assembly of published results from towing tests. The frictional resistance were
determined by the ITTC-57 diagram of Eq.5, while residual coefficient by diagrams
based on breadth-draught ratio of 2.5.
Since the model B/d is not the same as 2,5 the corrected Cr based on Eq. (6)
103 Cr = 103 Cr ( B/d = 2.5 ) + 0.16 ( B/d – 2.5 ) 6
The correction was +(ve), because B/d of the model was more than 2.5,i.e about 3.1,
made 0.096.
Using Eq.(3), the resistance in newton (N) was obtained, for model speeds of 0.6, 0.8,
1.0, and 1.2 m/s.s
4. Results and Discussion
The comparison of the theoretical calculated resistance with the experiment (Juswan, et
al, 2006), Table 1, up to speed of 1,0 m/s, since the maximum speed is 1,2 m/s due to
small size of the tank (Baharuddin, 2003).
At lower speeds ( less than 0.7 m/s) the theory produces same resistance as the
experiment, however at speeds from 1.0 m/s to 1.2 m/s the theory results was higher.
This is probably due to the interaction between water flow out side and in side strips
leaving the stern, reduced the resistance. At lower speeds, matching between the theory
and experiment was believed due to the effects of the flow was negligently small.
The results are indicated in Figure.2 for a clear comparison.
It will be useful to performed water flow based numerical calculation (packaged or non).
Theoretical as well as calculation examples were available in the book of Fluid
Mechanics (Lowe, 1979).

Table 1 : Ship Model ( with strips ) Resistances

Model
Velocity (m/s)
0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2
Theoretical
Resistance 0,82 1,47 2,21 3,18
force (N)

Comparison BetweenTheory and Experiment

2.5
Resistance Force (N)

1.5 RT(exp)

1 RT(theory)

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Velocity (m/s)

Figure. 2. Resistance of ship model

5. Conclusion
• The calculation of resistance was conducted, using Guldhammer and Harvald
methods.
• The resistance forces of the ship model with strips with semi elliptical, at lower
speeds the theory results about the same as the experiment, however the higher speed
of about 0.7 m/s to 1.0 m/s the theory was highers.
Further Work
• Numerical methods based on the water flows will be fruitful
• Better device of measuring the resistance digitally will be useful.
• Test at higher speeds ( bigger size of model and the tanks ) may produce better
outcomes i.e. the resistance approaching the model without strips

References
●
Fajar, Daily, local Newspaper, 2007, Motor Ship of Acita 03 sank around Baubau,
Southeast
Sulawesi
Indonesian Metro TV, 2007, M. S .Acita sank of instability due to passengers
concentration.
Hanif, 2004, The effect of fixing foil reinforced strip on resistance force of ‘M.S
Baharja’, Final Project, Dept. Naval Architecture., Fac. of Engineering, Hasanuddin
University.
Juswan et al, 2006, Experimental performance of ship model with semi elliptical oblique
front section, nozzle like side strips, Ocean Technology, Annual National Seminar, ITS,
Surabaya
M. Alham Djabbar, et al.,2005, Performance of ship model with nozzle-like side strips
at hydrodynamic laboratory, QIR International Conf., U. of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
M. Alham Djabbar, et al.,2006, Experimental studty of ship model with nozzle-like side
strips of semicircular section at hydrodynamic laboratory, RiVET 2006 International
Conf., UTM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Harvald, Sv.Aa.,1983, Resistance and Propulsion of Ships, john Wiley & Sons, pp 115-
126
M.I. Baharuddin, 2003 Hydrodynamic Experiment of Predicting Ship Resistance with
Physical Model, Report, Dept. Naval Architecture, Fac. of Engineering, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, Indonesia,
H.C. Lowe, 1979, Fluid Mechanics, The MacMillan Press, 131- 134
Mansyur, H.,et. al., 2006, Performance Of Ship Model With Semi elliptical Section,
Nozzle-Like Side Strips At Hydrodynamics Laboratory, 5th Int.Marine Technology
Conference, Unhas, Makassar, Indonesia