Virtualisation and

The Internet

Harish Pillay
MSEE, Fellow (SCS), Member IEEE, RHCE
harish@redhat.com
gpg id: 0x746809E3

January 18, 2011 1

 The Magic of Infinity
∞

January 18, 2011 2

 or how abundance drives
innovation and economies

January 18, 2011 3

 <1>

January 18, 2011 4

 Scarcity
Abundance
Vision
January 18, 2011 5
 Scarcity

January 18, 2011 6

 Atoms

January 18, 2011 7

 Atoms – while abundant
individually, are scarce in
blobs

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 Atoms/blobs -
constrained by classical
economic laws of supply
and demand
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 When you control
atoms, you define what
can be done ...

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 ... and at what price

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 With that, scarcity is
enforced

January 18, 2011 12

 Bits?

January 18, 2011 13

 Abundance

January 18, 2011 14

 “When you go through customs you
declare your atoms, not your bits.”

Nicholas Negroponte
“Being Digital”

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 Bits are abundant

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 The billionth copy of the
first bit is identical in
every way

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 So, the classical
economic theory of
scarcity is not applicable
to bits

January 18, 2011 18

 Abundance rulez!

January 18, 2011 19

 Theory of large numbers
rulez!

January 18, 2011 20

 When the numbers are
large enough -
approaching infinity -
magic happens

January 18, 2011 21

 Linux kernel in
Fedora 9 has
204,500,946
lines of source code
Linux Foundation October 2008

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 ... taken
59,389.53 man years to
develop ...
Linux Foundation October 2008

January 18, 2011 23

 And $10,784,484,309 to
deliver!
Linux Foundation October 2008

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 ... yet all the bits are free
in both beer and speech
terms

January 18, 2011 25

 hence, the classical
economic theory of
scarcity is not applicable
to bits

January 18, 2011 26

 </1>

January 18, 2011 27

 <2>

January 18, 2011 28

 Vision

January 18, 2011 29

 "The future belongs to those who see
possibilities before they become
obvious."
— John Scully

"Vision without execution is

hallucination.”
— Thomas Edison

January 18, 2011 30

 85%
of all companies
worldwide use
Open Source
(Gartner 2008-11)

January 18, 2011 31

 30%
of all servers
in companies
run Linux
(European Commission Report 2007)

January 18, 2011 32

 >2 in 5
Browsers used is
Firefox (since Nov 2004)
(http://marketshare.hitslink.com/browser-market-share.aspx?qprid=1,
Feb 2009)

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 >80%
of all commercially
deployed and supported Linux is

Red Hat
(Gartner 2008)

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 100%
of Red Hat
is Open Source and
Open Standards-based
(me, today)

January 18, 2011 35

 Communities
rule everything

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 Communities
in the thousands

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 Smart folks
Are evenly spread around the
world

January 18, 2011 38

 Internet + smart
folks
=> changes everything

January 18, 2011 39

 Don't let the

Past
control or dictate the

Future
January 18, 2011 40
 Creativity and
innovation needs

freedom
January 18, 2011 41
 </2>

January 18, 2011 42

 <3>

January 18, 2011 43

 ROSENCRANTZ AND ETHERNET
By
Vint Cerf

January 18, 2011 44

 All the world's a net!
And all the data in it
merely packets
come to store-and-forward
in the queues a while
and then
are heard no more.
'Tis a network waiting to be switched!

January 18, 2011 45

 To switch or not to switch?
That is the question.
Whether 'tis wiser in the net to suffer
the store and forward of
stochastic networks or to raise up circuits
against a sea of packets and,
by dedication, serve them.

January 18, 2011 46

 To net, to switch.
To switch, perchance to slip!
Aye, there's the rub.
For in that choice of switch,
what loops may lurk,
when we have shuffled through
this Banyan net?
Puzzles the will, initiates symposia,
stirs endless debate and
gives rise to uncontrolled
flights of poetry beyond recompense!
Act One - The Poems, August 1989 http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1121.html
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 And so in 1973
an edict from DARPA
sought means to interlink nets
which then grew from the
ARPANET of 1969
into The Internet

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 Many clever ideas
were offered and
many were implemented
the sweetest of which
was ...

January 18, 2011 49

 TCP/IP
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 An overarching
design principle
came forth to be

January 18, 2011 51

 be conservative in what you do,
be liberal in what you accept from
others

- Postel's Law

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 </3>

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 <4>

January 18, 2011 54

 Quick
History

January 18, 2011 55

 The Beginning

Why I Must Write GNU

“I consider that the golden
rule requires that if I
like a program I must share
it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to
divide the users and conquer them, make each user agree
not to share with others. I refuse to break solidarity with
other users in this way.”
The Gnu Manifesto Richard Stallman, Founder of the Free Software Foundation, 1985
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html

January 18, 2011 56

 Standards and
control
“The decision to make the
Web an open system was
necessary for it to be universal. You can't propose that
something be a universal space and at the same
time keep control of it.”
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, Creator of the World Wide Web, 1998
http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html

January 18, 2011 57

 The birth of Linux
Message-ID:

1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.helsinki.fi
From: torvalds@klaava.helsinki.fi (Linus Benedict Torvalds)

To: Newsgroups: comp.os.minix

Subject: What would you like to see most in minix?

Summary: small poll for my new operating system

Hello everybody out there using minix-I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and
professional like gnu) for 386 (486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get
ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat

Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)

Linus

January 18, 2011 58

 </4>

January 18, 2011 59

 <5>

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 Virtualisation

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 Foundation to the “cloud”

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 Hypervisor

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 Preferred State:
100% in-hardware
hypervisor

January 18, 2011 64

 Current State:
Some in-hardware
support, with rest of
hypervisor in software

January 18, 2011 65

 Whoever Controls
the software
hypervisor

January 18, 2011 66

 Whoever Controls
the software
hypervisor
CONTROLS ALL

January 18, 2011 67

 Open Source Hypervisors:
kvm and xen

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 kvm is upstream
and that is important

January 18, 2011 69

 FACT: The collective “we”
have control of the
hypervisor

January 18, 2011 70

 Virtualisation offers
the ability to create
unlimited VMs

January 18, 2011 71

 unlimited VMs

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 With unlimited VMs
you really NEED
IPv6

January 18, 2011 73

 Even then, IPv6
may not be
enough

January 18, 2011 74

 By extension, Clouds have
to be IPv6 NOW for scaling

January 18, 2011 75

 Let's recognize that ...

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 VMs offer liberation and
mobility

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 But when put in a cloud, the
VMs could get locked-in

January 18, 2011 78

 Solution: DeltaCloud.org

January 18, 2011 79

 DeltaCloud's APIs
restores mobility and
independence

January 18, 2011 80

 Four things:

OPEN source
OPEN standards
OPEN minds
OPEN data

January 18, 2011 81

 Find
Communities

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 Participate!

January 18, 2011 83

 GandhiCon 1:

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 GandhiCon 1:
First they ignore you

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 GandhiCon 2:

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 GandhiCon 2:
then they laugh at you

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 GandhiCon 3:

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 GandhiCon 3:
then they fight you

January 18, 2011 89

 GandhiCon 4:

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 GandhiCon 4:
then you win

January 18, 2011 91

 First they ignore you,
then they laugh at you
then they fight you
then you win

Mahatma Gandhi
January 18, 2011 92
 </5>

January 18, 2011 93

 Request:
Please consider
mirroring
fedoraproject.org,
jboss.org and related
projects
January 18, 2011 94
 The Near Future
● With Abundance, people succeed in
participation, sharing and becoming
innovative
● Open Source makes it possible
● Internet will drive even more change
● The $$$ is in creating and offering the Open
Infrastructure
● Old-School value chains will evolve
● New economics leads to Profits!

January 18, 2011 95

 Think about
● “Value for money, fit for purpose”
● Context is important. Is it tactical? Or is
it reactive? Or is it strategic?
● National agendas can move rapidly
when the open source community is
engaged and energized

January 18, 2011 96

 Acknowledgements

Free Software Foundation

Linux Foundation
Open Source Initiative
Fedora Project/JBoss.org
Red Hat
Opensource.com
Lawrence Lessig for this layout

January 18, 2011 97

 OLPC aka $100 Laptop

January 18, 2011 98

 <choice>

Thank You!
/me: harish@redhat.com
identi.ca: @harishpillay

January 18, 2011 99