Escolar Documentos
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Reflective practice
Caring for the carers
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Holistic care
Cleaning the toilet seat for the next person
Spiritual care is just “good care”
SPIRITUAL CARING
o Nursing faculty and students recognize that people are holistic beings = physical, mental,
spiritual, emotional
- “Considering a light bulb analogous to a human, think of the glass, aluminum, and
other tangible materials that compromise it as representing the physical dimension;
- think of the light and warmth the bulb elicits as the psychological; and the electrical
current that energizes and ultimately provides the meaning and function for the
bulb as the spiritual dimension.” Stallwood & Stoll 1975 as cited by Taylor, E. F. (2002)
*Caring actions are directed toward the welfare of the patient and family while focusing on
health promotion, disease prevention, health restoration and management of chronic disease.
>This focus addresses the whole patient, bio-psychosocial and spirituality, and facilitates
the movement toward a high level of wellness.
PAST—Florence Nightingale, and religious groups who cared for the body & soul (Egyptian
priests & priestesses, monks, nuns, etc)
PIONEERS IN SPIRITUALITY
Florence Nightingale
Martha E Rogers
Jean Watson
Betty Neuman
WHAT IS SPIRITUALITY?
Religion--a system of beliefs and practices that a person can use to express their spirituality.
Not required for spirituality
Examples: Christians—cross, Bible
Islam—Qur’an, prayer
Jewish—Torah, festivals
Buddhism—kharma, Buddha
• Remember—not all members of a religion practice, express their spirituality the same.
CULTURE/SPIRITUALITY
Spirituality can be
. . . determined by culture
. . . determined by life experiences unrelated to culture
. . . Influenced by both culture and personal experiences that are opposite to the cultural
norm.
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT -We grow spiritually, just like we grow cognitively, physically, and
morally.
o Faith is defined as universal human phenomenon that leads persons to need and
find meaning and understanding of themselves in relation to their world
Stage 0: age 0-2 Primal - Undifferentiated > is characterized by an early learning of the
safety of their environment (i.e. warm, safe and secure vs. hurt, neglect and abuse). If
consistent nurture is experienced, one will develop a sense of trust and safety about the
universe and the divine. Conversely, negative experiences will cause one to develop
distrust with the universe and the divine.
Stage 1: age 3-7 Intuitive-Predictive > Egocentric, becoming aware of time. Forming
images that will affect their later life.
Stage 2: age 6-12 Mythical-Literal > Aware of the stories and beliefs of the local
community. Using these to give sense to their experiences.
Stage 3: age 12 Synthetic-Conventional > Extending faith beyond the family and using
this as a vehicle for creating a sense of identity and values.
Stage 4: early adult Individuative-Reflective> The sense of identity and outlook on the
world are differentiated and the person develops explicit systems of meaning.
Stage 5: adult Conjunctive > The person faces up to the paradoxes of experience and
begins to develop universal ideas and becomes more oriented towards other people.
Stage 6: adult Universalizing > The person becomes totally altruistic and they feel an
integral part of an all-inclusive sense of being. This stage is rarely achieved.
o Sr.Callista Roy, a prominent nurse theorist, writer, lecturer, researcher and teacher.
~ Theory description:
o The central questions of Roy’s theory are: Who is the focus of nursing
care? What is the target of nursing care? When is nursing care
indicated?;
o To cope with a changing world, person uses both innate and acquired
mechanisms which are biological and social in origin
o Environment – stimuli
Nursing Mandates
o All clients should be assessed for spiritual beliefs/practices and offered spiritual
support
*Risk for Spiritual Distress—at risk for an altered sense of harmonious connectedness with all of
life and the universe in which dimensions that transcend and empower the self may be
disrupted.
*Spiritual Distress—disruption in the life principle that pervades a persons’ entire being and that
integrates and transcends one’s biological and psychosocial nature.
o Active listening
o Bibliotherapy (reading spiritually uplifting materials, including sacred writings)
o Caring touch
o Dream analysis
o Expressive art (music, sculpture, painting, knitting, dance, etc)
o Facilitate religious practices & social support
o Humor
o Journal writing/scrapbook making
o Meditation
o Nature
o Praying with or for clients or assisting clients to pray
o Presencing
o Story listening, reminiscence, or life review
o Collaborate w/ spiritual leaders – cited Taylor, E.F. (2002)
Patient/client will be
-less anxious
-verbalize feelings, concerns, fears, etc
-report feeling peace
-open to discuss spiritual concerns, issues, etc
õ Spiritual health is a PROCESS - Focus on the client outcome - NOT the nurse’s desired
outcome.
o Health care: Chronic Illness, Life Threatening Trauma and/or Disease, and others
Beyond the curriculum and what the students are learning, we are embracing
spirituality on campus. – samples: Capping Ceremony, etc
CONCLUSION – Let us start to recognize that quality, holistic nursing care includes
caring for the spiritual, as well as the physical, emotional and mental needs of our
patients and, we also recognize to care for our patients requires we first care for
OURSELVES!