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Cultura Documentos
Neutropenia
INF treatment is?
Antimicrobial prophylaxis
for a history of recurrent TMP-SMZ
UTIs
Antimicrobial prophylaxis
Ceftriaxone
for Gonorrhea
Antimicrobial prophylaxis
Rifampin (DOC),
for Meningococcal
minocycline
infection
Antimicrobial prophylaxis TMP-SMZ (DOC),
for PCP aerosolized pentamidine
Antimicrobial prophylaxis
Benzathine penicillin G
for Syphilis
Are Aminoglycosides
Yes
Teratogenic?
Mycobacterium
Clinical use of Isoniazid tuberculosis, the only
(INH)? agent used as solo
prophylaxis against TB
Common side effects Pseudomembranous colitis
associated with (C. difficile), fever,
Clindamycin include? diarrhea
Common toxicities
Teratogenic, Carcinogenic,
associated with
Confusion, Headaches
Griseofulvin are…...?
Glycoproteins from
Describe the MOA of leukocytes that block
Interferons (INF) various stages of viral RNA
and DNA synthesis
Do Tetracyclines penetrate
Only in limited amounts
the CNS?
Does Ampicillin or
AmOxicillin has greater
Amoxicillin have a greater
Oral bioavailability
oral bioavailability?
Leukopenia, Neutropenia,
Ganciclovir associated
Thrombocytopenia, Renal
toxicities?
toxicity
As PABA antimetabolites
How do Sulfonamides act that inhibit
on bacteria? Dihydropteroate Synthase,
Bacteriostatic
CMV, esp in
How is Ganciclovir used
Immunocompromised
clinically?
patients
How is Leishmaniasis
Pentavalent Antimony
treated?
How is Ribavirin used
for RSV
clinically?
1. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis 2. Delays
How is Rifampin used resistance to Dapsone
clinically? when used of Leprosy 3.
Used in combination with
other drugs
Used in combination
How is Trimethoprim used therapy with SMZ to
clinically? sequentially block folate
synthesis
Is Aztreonam cross-
No
allergenic with penicillins?
Is Aztreonam resistant to
Yes
penicillinase?
Is Aztreonam usually
No
toxic?
Is Imipenem resistant to
Yes
penicillinase?
Is Penicillin penicillinase
No - duh
resistant?
IV Penicillin G
Foscarnet = pyroFosphate
Mnemonic for Foscarnet?
analog
1)Binds penicillin-binding
proteins 2) Blocks
MOA for Penicillin (3 transpeptidase cross-
answers)? linking of cell wall 3)
Activates autolytic
enzymes
Penicillin, Cephalosporins,
Vancomycin,
MOA: Bactericidal
Aminoglycosides,
antibiotics
Fluoroquinolones,
Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol,
Erythromycin/macrolides,
MOA: Block protein
Lincomycin, Clindamycin,
synthesis at 50s subunit
Streptogramins
(quinupristin, dalfopristin)
Erythromycin,
Name several common
Azithromycin,
Macrolides (3)
Clarithromycin
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ),
Name some common
Sulfisoxazole, Triple
Sulfonamides (4)
sulfas, Sulfadiazine
Tetracycline, Doxycycline,
Name some common
Demeclocycline,
Tetracyclines (4)
Minocycline
Gentamicin, Neomycin,
Name the common
Amikacin, Tobramycin,
Aminoglycosides (5)
Streptomycin
Fluconazole,
Ketoconazole,
Name the common Azoles
Clotrimazole, Miconazole,
Itraconazole
Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin,
Name the common
Ofloxacin, Grepafloxacin,
Fluoroquinolones (6)
Enoxacin, Nalidixic acid
Name the common Non-
Nucleoside Reverse Nevirapine, Delavirdine
Transcriptase Inhibitors
Zidovudine (AZT),
Name the common Didanosine (ddI),
Nucleoside Reverse Zalcitabine (ddC),
Transcriptase Inhibitors Stavudine (d4T),
Lamivudine (3TC)
Oral Penicillin V
Modification via
Resistance mechanisms for
Acetylation, Adenylation,
Aminoglycosides
or Phosphorylation
Altered bacterial
Dihydropteroate
Resistance mechanisms for
Synthetase, Decreased
Sulfonamides
uptake, or Increased PABA
synthesis
Decreased uptake or
Resistance mechanisms for
Increased transport out of
Tetracycline
cell
Terminal D-ala of cell wall
Resistance mechanisms for
replaced with D-lac;
Vancomycin
Decreased affinity
Hormone synthesis
Toxic side effects of the inhibition (Gynecomastia),
Azoles? Liver dysfunction (Inhibits
CYP450), Fever, Chills
Fever/Chills, Hypotension,
What are common side
Nephrotoxicity,
effects of Amphotericin B?
Arrhythmias
GI intolerance (nausea,
What are common side diarrhea), Hyperglycemia,
effects of Protease Lipid abnormalities,
Inhibitors? Thrombocytopenia
(Indinavir)
BM suppression
What are common side
(neutropenia, anemia),
effects of RT Inhibitors?
Peripheral neuropathy
-Hypersensitivity reactions
-Hemolysis -
What are common toxic Nephrotoxicity
side effects of (tubulointerstitial nephritis)
Sulfonamides? (5) -Kernicterus in infants
Displace other drugs from
albumin (e.g., warfarin)
GI distress, Tooth
What are common discoloration and
toxicities associated with Inhibition of bone growth
Tetracyclines? in children, Fanconi's
syndrome, Photosensitivity
Gram + cocci,
Haemophilus influenza,
What are the clinical uses Enterobacter aerogenes,
for 2nd Generation Neisseria species, P.
Cephalosporins? mirabilis, E. coli, K.
pneumoniae, Serratia
marcescens ( HEN PEcKS )
1) Serious Gram -
What are the clinical uses infections resistant to
for 3rd Generation other Beta lactams 2)
Cephalosporins? Meningitis (most penetrate
the BBB)
1) Hypersensitivity reactions
2) Increased nephrotoxicity
What are the major toxic of Aminoglycosides 3)
side effects of the Disulfiram-like reaction
Cephalosporins? with ethanol (those with a
methylthiotetrazole group,
e.g., cefamandole)
Giardiasis, Amoebic
What conditions are dysentery (E. histolytica),
treated with Bacterial vaginitis
Metronidazole? (Gardnerella vaginalis),
Trichomonas
What do Aminoglycosides
Oxygen
require for uptake?
What is an acronym to
RESPIre
remember Anti-TB drugs?
Blastomyces, Coccidioides,
What is Ketoconazole
Histoplasma, C. albicans;
specifically used for?
Hypercortisolism
What is Metronidazole
Bismuth and Amoxicillin or
combined with for 'triple
Tetracycline; against
therapy'? Against what
Helobacter pylori
organism?
Antiprotozoal: Giardia,
Entamoeba, Trichomonas,
What is Metronidazole
Gardnerella vaginalis
used for clinically?
Anaerobes: Bacteroides,
Clostridium
Cestode/tapeworm (e.g.,
What is Niclosamide used
D. latum, Taenia species
for?
Except Cysticercosis
What is the clinical use for Topical and Oral, for Oral
Nystatin? Candidiasis (Thrush)
Same as penicillin.
What is the MOA for
Extended spectrum
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin?
antibiotics
Inhibits bacterial
What is the MOA for
Dihydrofolate Reductase,
Trimethoprim (TMP)?
Bacteriostatic
What microorganisms is
Aztreonam not effective Gram + and Anerobes
against?
What musculo-skeletal
side effects in Adults are Tendonitis and Tendon
associated with rupture
Floroquinolones?
What neurotransmitter
Dopamine; causes its
does Amantadine affect?
release from intact nerve
How does it influence this
terminals
NT?
What organism is
Imipenem/cilastatin the Enterobacter
Drug of Choice for?
Giant Roundworm
What parasites are treated
(Ascaris), Hookworm
with Pyrantel Pamoate
(Necator/Ancylostoma),
(more specific)?
Pinworm (Enterobius)
What parasitic condition is Onchocerciasis ('river
treated with Ivermectin? blindness'--rIVER-mectin)
1. Meningococcal carrier
When is Rifampin not used
state 2. Chemoprophylaxis
in combination with other
in contacts of children
drugs?
with H. influenzae type B
Which Aminoglycoside is
Neomycin
used for Bowel Surgery ?
Which antimicrobial 1) Aminoglycosides =
classes inhibit protein bactericidal 2)
synthesis at the 30S Tetracyclines =
subunit? (2) bacteriostatic
1) Chloramphenical =
bacteriostatic 2)
Which antimicrobials Erythromycin =
inhibit protein synthesis at bacteriostatic 3)
the 50S subunit? (4) Lincomycin = bacteriostatic
4)cLindamycin =
bacteriostatic
To inhibit renal
Why is Cilastatin Dihydropeptidase I and
administered with decrease Imipenem
Imipenem? inactivation in the renal
tubules
-S-phase anti-metabolite
List the mechanism, Pyr analogue -Colon, solid
clinical use, & toxicity tumors, & BCC/ -
of 5 FU. Irreversible
myelosuppression
-Alkalating agent -
List the mechanism,
testicular,bladder,ovary,&a
clinical use, & toxicity
mp;lung -Nephrotoxicity
of Cisplatin.
& CN VIII damage.
-Topo II inhibitor(GII
specific) -Oat cell of Lung
List the mechanism,
& prostate, &
clinical use, & toxicity
testicular -
of Etoposide.
Myelosuppression &
GI irritation.
-S-phase anti-metabolite
folate analogue -Luk,
List the mechanism,
Lymp, sarc, RA,
clinical use, & toxicity
&psoriasis / -
of Methotrexate.
Reversible
myelosuppression
-Estrogen receptor
List the mechanism,
antagonist -Breast CA -
clinical use, & toxicity
increased endometrial CA
of Tamoxifen.
risk
-MT polymerization
inhibitor(M phase) -MOPP,
List the mechanism,
clinical use, & toxicity lymphoma, Willm's &
choriocarcinoma -
of Vincristine.
neurotoxicity and
myelosuppression
-Alkalating agents
Which cancer drugs effect +cisplatin -Doxorubicin
nuclear DNA (4)? +Dactinomycin -Bleomycin
-Etoposide
reduce levels of
Angiotensin II, thereby
ACE inhibitors- preventing the inactivation
mechanism? of bradykinin (a potent
vasodilator); renin level is
increased
glaucoma, urinary
Acetazolamide- clinical
alkalinization, metabolic
uses?
alkalosis, altitude sickness
acts at the proximal
convoluted tubule to
inhibit carbonic anhydrase.
Acetazolamide-
Causes self-limited
mechanism?
sodium bicarb diuresis and
reduction of total body
bicarb stores.
hyperchloremic metabolic
Acetazolamide- toxicity? acidosis, neuropathy, NH3
toxicity, sulfa allergy
ACIDazolamide' causes
Acetazolamide causesÉ?
acidosis
DOC in diagnosing and
Adenosine- clinical use? abolishing AV nodal
arrhythmias
impotence, asthma, CV
effects (bradycardia, CHF,
adverse effects of beta-
AV block), CNS effects
blockers?
(sedation, sleep
alterations)
fetal renal toxicity,
hyperkalemia, Cough,
adverse effects of Angioedema, Proteinuria,
Captopril? Taste changes, hypOtension,
Pregnancy problems, Rash,
Increased renin, Lower
Angiotensin II (CAPTOPRIL)
severe orthostatic
adverse effects of hypotension, blurred
ganglionic blockers? vision, constipation,
sexual dysfunction
hypokalemia, slight
hyperlipidemia,
adverse effects of
hyperuricemia, lassitude,
Hydrochlorothiazide?
hypercalcemia,
hyperglycemia
K+ wasting, metabolic
adverse effects of Loop
alkalosis, hypotension,
Diuretics?
ototoxicity
hypertrichosis, pericardial
adverse effects of effusion, reflex
Minoxidil? tachycardia, angina, salt
retention
dizziness, flushing,
adverse effects of
constipation (verapamil),
Nifedipine, verapamil?
nausea
BP? decrease
BP? decrease
new arrhythmias,
Bretyllium- toxicity?
hypotension
increased AP duration,
increased ERP increased
class IA effects?
QT interval. Atrial and
ventricular.
post MI and digitalis
class IB- clinical uses?
induced arrhythmias
decrease AP duration,
affects ischemic or
class IB- effects?
depolarized Purkinje and
ventricular system
NO AP duration effect.
useful in V-tach that
class IC- effects? progresses to V-fib and in
intractable SVT LAST
RESORT
class IC- toxicity? proarrhythmic
impotence, exacerbation
of asthma, CV effects, CNS
class II- toxicity?
effects, may mask
hypoclycemia
increase AP duration,
increase ERP, increase QT
Class III- effects?
interval, for use when
other arrhythmics fail
prevention of nodal
class IV- clinical use?
arrhythmias (SVT)
decrease conduction
class IV- effects? velocity, increase ERP,
increase PR interval
diuretics,
sympathoplegics,
classes of antihypertensive
vasodilators, ACE
drugs?
inhibitors, Angiotensin II
receptor inhibitors
contractility? decrease
NO HYPERURICEMIA, NO
Ethacrynic Acid- toxicity? SULFA ALLERGY; same as
furosemide otherwise
Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia,
Furosemide- toxicity? (OH Dehydration, Allergy
DANG) (sulfa), Nephritis
(interstitial), Gout
HR? decrease
vasodilator- increases
cGMP to induce smooth
Hydralazine- class and
muscle relaxation
mechanism?
(arterioles>veins;
afterload reduction)
Hydralazine- clinical use? severe hypertension, CHF
compensatory tachycardia,
Hydralazine- toxicity? fluid retention, lupus-like
syndrome
depresses ectopic
K+- clinical use? pacemakers, especially in
digoxin toxicity
hyperkalemia, endocrine
K+ sparing diuretics-
effects (gynecomastia,
toxicity?
anti-androgen)
loop diuretics
(furosemide)- site of thick ascending limb
action?
ARF, shock, drug
overdose, decrease
Mannitol- clinical use?
intracranial/intraocular
pressure
Mannitol-
anuria, CHF
contraindications?
proximal convoluted
mannitol- site of action? tubule, thin descending
limb, and collecting duct
pulmonary edema,
Mannitol- toxicity?
dehydration
vasodilate by releasing NO
in smooth muscle, causing
mechanism? and increase in cGMP and
smooth muscle relaxation
(veins>>arteries)
MVO2? decrease
MVO2? decrease
propanolol, esmolol,
name five in class II? metoprolol, atenolol,
timolol
name four HMG-CoA Lovastatin, Pravastatin,
reductase inhibitors. Simvastatin, Atorvastatin
Quinidine, Amiodarone,
name four in class IA. Procainamide,
Disopyramide
Sotalol, Ibutilide,
name four in class III.
Bretylium, Amiodarone
Captopril, Enalapril,
name three ACE inhibitors?
Lisinopril
name three calcium Nifedipine, Verapamil,
channel blockers? Diltiazem
Lidocaine, Mexiletine,
name three in class IB.
Tocainide
Flecainide, Encainide,
name three in class IC.
Propafenone
Verapamil, Diltiazem,
name three in class IV.
Bepridil
Spironolactone,
name three K+ sparing
Triamterene, Amiloride
diuretics?
(the K+ STAys)
reversible SLE-like
Procainamide- toxicity?
syndrome
expensive, reversible
side effects/problems? increase in LFTs, and
myositis
red, flushed face which is
side effects/problems? decreased by ASA or long
term use
torsade de pointes,
Sotalol- toxicity?
excessive Beta block
competitive inhibirot of
Spironolactone-
aldosterone in the cortical
mechanism?
collecting tubule
TG effect? decrease
TG effect? decrease
TG effect? large decrease
TG effect? no effect
tachycardia, hypotension,
toxicity? headache - 'Monday
disease'
nausea, vomiting,
toxicity? diarrhea, blurred vision,
arrhythmia
1. Hydrocortisone 2.
Predisone 3.
List five common
Triamcinolone 4.
glucocorticoids.
Dexamethasone 5.
Beclomethasone
Secretion of what drug is
inhibited by Probenacid Penicillin.
used to treat chronic gout?
1. Gastric ulceration 2.
What are five possible Bleeding 3.
toxic effects of Aspirin Hyperventilation 4. Reye's
therapy? syndrome 5. Tinnitus (CN
VIII)
1. Significant:
What are five toxicities nephrotoxicity 2.
associated with Tacrolimus Peripheral neuropathy 3.
(FK506)? Hypertension 4. Pleural
effusion 5. Hyperglycemia.
1. Better bioavailability 2.
What are four advantages 2 to 4 times longer half
of newer low-molecular- life 3. Can be administered
weight heparins subcutaneously 4. Does
(Enoxaparin)? not require laboratory
monitoring
1. Antipyretic 2. Analgesic
What are four clinical
3. Anti-inflammatory 4.
activities of Aspirin?
Antiplatelet drug.
1. Addison's disease 2.
What are four clinical uses
Inflammation 3. Immune
of glucocorticoids?
suppression 4. Asthma
1. Cimetadine 2. Ranitidine
What are four H2 Blockers?
3. Famotidine 4. Nizatidine
1. Tolbutamide 2.
What are four
Chlorpropamide 3.
Sulfonylureas?
Glyburide 4. Glipizide
1. Streptokinase 2.
What are four Urokinase 3. tPA
thrombolytics? (alteplase), APSAC
(anistreplase)
1. Infertility (pulsatile) 2.
Prostate cancer
What are three clinical
(continuous: use with
uses of the Leuprolide?
flutamide) 3. Uterine
fibroids
What are three clinical 1. Antipyretic 2. Analgesic
uses of the NSAIDs? 3. Anti-inflammatory
1. Skin rash 2.
What are three toxicities of
Agranulocytosis (rare) 3.
Propylthiouracil?
Aplastic anemia
1. Aluminum hydroxide:
constipation and
What are three types of hypophosphatemia 2.
antacids and the problems Magnesium hydroxide:
that can result from their diarrhea 3. Calcium
overuse? carbonate: Hypercalcemia,
rebound acid increase - All
may cause hypokalemia
1. Heavy bleeding 2. GI
What are three unwanted
effects (n/v, anorexia) 3.
effects of Mifepristone?
Abdominal pain
1. Kidney transplantation
2. Autoimmune disorders
What are two clinical uses
(including
of Azathioprine?
glomerulonephritis and
hemolytic anemia)
1. Phospholipase A2 is
prevented from releasing
What are two processes
arachidonic acid 2.
Corticosteroids inhibit
Decreases protein
leading to decreased
synthesis thus lowering
inflammation?
amount of Cyclooxygenase
enzymes
1. Predisposes to viral
What are two toxicities infections and lymphoma
associated with 2. Nephrotoxic
Cyclosporine? (preventable with mannitol
diuresis)
1. Weight gain 2.
What are two toxicities of
Hepatotoxicity
the Glitazones?
(troglitazone)
1. Hypoglycemia (more
common with 2nd-
generation drugs:
What are two toxicities of
glyburide, glipizide) 2.
the Sulfonylureas?
Disulfiram-like effects (not
seen with 2nd-generation
drugs).
1. Suppresses organ
What is are two clinical rejection after
uses of Cyclosporine? transplantation 2. Selected
autoimmune disorders.
Methylzanthine; desired
What is the category, effect is bronchodilation,
desired effect, and may cause bronchodilation
possible mechanism of by inhibiting
Theophylline in treating phosphodiesterase, enzyme
Asthma? involved in degrading cAMP
(controversial).
Muscarinic antagonist;
What is the category,
competatively blocks
mechanism of action, and
muscarinic receptors,
effect of Ipratroprium in
preventing
Asthma treatment?
bronchoconstriction.
Corticosteroids; prevent
What is the category,
production of leukotrienes
mechanism of action, and
from arachodonic acid by
particular use of
blocking phospholipase A2.
beclomethasone and
Drugs of choice in a patient
prednisone in Asthma
with status asthmaticus (in
treatment?
combination with albuterol.)
Prevention of NSAID-
What is the clincial use for
induced peptic ulcers,
Misoprostol?
maintains a PDA.
Potent immunosuppressive
What is the clinical use of
used in organ transplant
Tacrolimus (FK506)?
recipients.
Finasteride inhibits 5
What is the enzyme
Alpha-reductase, this
inhibited, the effect of this
decreases the conversion
inhibition, and the clinical
of testosterone to
use of the antiandrogren
dihydrotestosterone,
Finasteride?
useful in BPH
What is the lab value used
to monitor the The PTT.
effectiveness of Heparin
therapy?
Prevents release of
What is the mecanism of
mediators from mast cells.
action, effective period,
Effective only for the
and ineffective period of
prophylaxis of asthma. Not
use for Cromolyn in
effective during an acute
treating Asthma?
attack.
Flutamide is a nonsteroidal
What is the mechanism of competitive inhibitor of
action and clinical use of androgens at the
the antiandrogen testosterone receptor,
Flutamide? used in prostate
carcinoma.
Clomiphene is a partial
agonist at estrogen receptors
in the pituitary gland.
What is the mechanism of Prevents normal feedback
action of Clomiphene? inhibition and increses
release of LH and FSHfrom
the pituitary, which
stimulates ovulation.
Depolymerizes
What is the mechanism of
microtubules, impairing
action of Colchicine used
leukocyte chemotaxis and
to treat acute gout?
degranulation.
Binds to cyclophilins
(peptidyl proline cis-trans
isomerase), blocking the
What is the mechanism of
differentiation and
action of Cyclosporine?
activation of T cells mainly
by inhibiting the production
of IL-2 and its receptor.
Reversibly inhibit
What is the mechanism of
cyclooxygenase (COX I and
action of NSAIDs other
COX II). Block
than Aspirin?
prostaglandin synthesis.
Inhibits platelet
What is the mechanism of aggregation by irreversibly
action of Ticlopidine, inhibiting the ADP pathway
Clopidogrel involved in the binding of
fibrinogen.
Similar to cyclosporine;
binds to FK-binding
What is the mechanism of
protein, inhibiting
Tacrolimus (FK506)?
secretion of IL-2 and other
cytokines.
Mechanism unknown;
What is the possible possibly inhibits
mechanism and effect of gluconeogenesis and
Metformin in treating increases glycolysis; effect
diabetes? is to decrease serum
glucose levels
What is the specific clinical Indomethacin is used to
use of Indomethacin in close a patent ductus
neonates? arteriosus.
Misoprostol is
What type of patient contraindicated in women
should not take of childbearing potential
Misoprostol and why? because it is an
abortifacient.
Cimetidine is a potent
inhibitor of P450; it also has
Which H2 Blocker has the an antiandrogenic effect and
most toxic effects and decreases renal excretion of
what are they? creatinine. Other H2
blockers are relatively free
of these effects.
Acetaldehyde is
metabolized by -Disulfram & also
Acetaldehyde sulfonylureas,
dehydrogenase, which metronidazole
drug inhibs this enzyme?
-Weak Acids>Alkinalize
urine(CO3) to remove
Explain pH dependent
more -Weak
urinary drug elimination?
bases>acidify urine to
remove more
-Airway -Breathing -
How do you treat coma in Circulation -Dextrose
the ER (4)? (thiamine &narcan) -
ABCD
-Infections -Trauma -
In coma situations you rule Seizures -CO -Overdose -
out what (7)? Metabolic -Alcohol (IT'S
COMA)
-A57Blue lines in
gingiva& long bones
List some specifics of lead -Encephalopathy &
poisoning(4)? Foot drop -Abdominal
colic / -Sideroblastic
anemia
-Metronidazole -certain
Which drug(s) cause this
cephalosporins -
reaction: Disulfram-like
procarbazine -
reaction (4) ?
sulfonylureas
-Sulfonamides -
Which drug(s) cause this
furosemide -methicillin -
reaction: Tubulointerstitial
rifampin -NSAIDS (ex.
Nephritis (5)?
ASA)
Constant FRACTION
Describe first-order
eliminated per unit time.
kinetics?
(exponential)
-reduction, oxy, &
Describe Phase I
hydrolysis -H2O sol. Polar
metabolism in liver(3)?
product -P450
-acetylation,
Describe Phase II glucuron.,& sulfation
metabolism in liver(3)? -Conjugation -Polar
product
Explain differences
- Act on same receptor -
between full and partial
Full has greater efficacy
agonists(2).
How does a
- Shifts the curve down -
noncompetitive antagonist
reduces Vmax
effect an agonist?
-Phase I (clinical tests) -
Name the steps in drug
Phase II -Phase III -PhaseIV
approval(4)?
(surveillance)
Ld= (CpxVd)/F
What is the loading dose
Cp=plasma conc. F=
formula?
Bioaval.
A 57 yo heart failure pt
develops cardiac
decompensation, what
drug will give you Dopamine
adequate perfusion of his
kidneys as well as tx for
his Hypotension
A fellow passenger on a
Carnival cruise ship looks
pale and diaphoretic, what scopolamine
antimuscarinic agent
would you give them?
Cocaine casues
vasoconstriction and local Indirect agonist, uptake
anesthesia by what inhibitor
mechanism
Cocaine shares is
mechanism of action with TCA
what antidepressant
Diarrhea, Urination,
What are the classic Miosis, Bronchospasm,
symptoms of Bradycardia, Excitation of
cholinesterase inhibitor skeletal muscle and CNS,
poisoning (parathion or Lacrimation, Sweating, and
other organophosphates)? Salivation = DUMBBELS;
also abdominal cramping
Activates cholinergic
receptors on bladder and
What are the clinical
bowel smooth muscle,
indications for
alleviating post-op and
bethanechol?
neurogenic ileus and
urinary retention.
In treatment of malignant
hyperthermia, due to
What conditions would you concomitant use of halothane
use dantrolene? and succinylcholine. Also in
neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, a toxicity of
antipsychotic drugs.
What drug is used to edrophonium (extremely
diagnose myasthenia short acting
gravis? anticholinesterase)
Neostigmine,
pyridostigmine
What drugs target this
edrophonium
enzyme
physostigmine
echothiophate
Theoretically it could be
What effect would atropine
used to block the cephalic
have on a patient with
phase of acid secretion
peptic ulcer disease?
(vagal stimulation).
What enzyme is
responsible for the Acetylcholine esterase
degredation of Ach
What enzyme is
responsible for the Choline acetyltransferase
production of Ach from
Acetyl CoA and Choline
Treatment of
hypertension, especially
What is the clinical utility
with renal disease (lowers
of clonidine?
bp centrally, so flow is
maintained to kidney).
The only local anesthetic
What is the clinical utility
with vasoconstrictive
of cocaine?
properties.
It antagonizes Ach M
What makes this drug
receptors and decreases
effective
parasym (GI) rxn
What nondepolorizing
Tubocurarine, atra-, miv-,
agents could you have
pan-,ve-, rapacuronium
used
SLUD (salivation,
What physiological effects Lacrimation, urination,
was the Anes using Defecation)as well as
Atropine to tx airway secretion, GI
motility, acid secretions
Hexamethonium is a
What type of neurological
nicotinic antagonist, and
blockade would
thus is a ganglionic
hexamethonium create?
blocker.
Initially vasoconstriction
would increase bp, but
What would be the effect
then it acts on central
on blood pressure with
alpha-2 receptors to
infusion of the alpha -2
decrease adrenergic
agonist clonidine?
outflow resulting in
decreased bp.
As an anticholinesterase it
Why is pyridostigmine
increases endogenous ACh
effective in the treatment
and thus increases
of myasthenia gravis?
strength.
Reserpine inhibits
dopamine transport into
Why is reserpine effective vesicles, attenuating its
in treating HTN? conversion to NE by
dopamine beta-
hydroxylase.
Receptors =
D1=D2>beta>alpha,
Why would dopamine be thus increasing heart rate
useful in treating shock? (beta) and blood pressure
(alpha vasoconstriction) while
maintaining kidney perfusion
(dopamine receptors)
Why would you give a drug Useful in muscle paralysis
like pancuronium or during surgery or
succinylcholine? mechanical ventilation.