Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
• Sender
• encoder
• Generates a message.
• stem from a person’s need to relate
• to others,
• to create meanings,
• to understand various situations
• Sender
• Messages are generated
• external factors,
• internal stimuli
• Encoding
• the use of language and other specific signs and
symbols for sending messages
• The Message
• a stimulus produced by a sender and responded to
by a receiver.
• may be
• Verbal
• Nonverbal
• Written materials
• Arts
• The Channel
• The medium through which a message is transmitted.
• major communication channels:
• Visual
• sight, observation, and perception
• Auditory
• spoken words and cues
• Kinesthetic
• experiencing sensations
• The Receiver
• the person who intercepts the sender’s message.
• influenced by
• Complex physiological
• Psychological
• Cognitive processes
• Feedback
• Perception
• Cultural Context
• Space and Distance
• Time
• Perception
• person’s sensing and understanding of the world
• Cultural Context
• Time
• chronemics - The study of the effects of time on the
communication process
• The amount of time spent in communicating depends
on the client’s needs.
• Keeping clients waiting conveys a message that they
are unimportant.
• Prompt and who allows time for the client to talk
communicates nonverbally, “You are important to
me,” and “I value you as a person.”
Perception
Cultural Context
Space and Distance
Time
Verbal Messages
• messages communicated through words and
language, either spoken or written
• paraverbal (paralinguistic) cues:
• tone and pitch of voice;
• Speed
• Inflection
• Volume
• Grunts
• Other nonlanguage vocalizations
Nonverbal Messages
• Unspoken messages often carry more weight
• can be more reliable.
• Cues to determine the meaning of changes in
client behavior
• Facial Expression
• Posture
• Gesture
• Touch
• Physical Appearance and Artifacts
Nonverbal Messages
• Unspoken messages often carry more weight
• can be more reliable.
• Cues to determine the meaning of changes in
client behavior
• Facial Expression
• Posture
• Gesture
• Touch
• Physical Appearance and Artifacts