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SUSTAINED INTERRUPTIONS
CAUSED BY SYMPATHETIC TRIPPING PHENOMENA
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a case study of sustained interruptions caused by unintentional tripping of ground
fault relays, and describes the causes of such phenomena which is known as sympathetic tripping. The
configuration of distribution network, the aging effect on under ground cables used for feeders, the
capacitive current discharged by cable capacitance, and the ground fault relay setting are analyzed. The
part of the system having the sympathetic tripping phenomena had been simulated and analyzed using
ETAP (power system analysis software). The ground fault simulation showed that the voltage
increased up to more than 170% of the nominal voltage. Frequent application of such over voltages
on cables might cause the insulation to age and large leakage current to flow (temporary insulation
break down) leading to permanent insulation break down. The long and old 13.8 kV feeder cables
increased the discharged capacitive currents greater than the ground fault relay setting when a ground
fault occurred. Such phenomena could be the cause of sympathetic tripping.
KEYWORDS : Power quality, sustained interruption, sympathetic tripping, discharged capacitive current, relay
setting, insulation break down.
31-Jul-96 03-Nov-98
30FDR-46 repaired Sympathetic trip caused by GF at 31GT-7
test result : generator terminal.
% PF (2/4/8KV) : less than 0.1 There is no action taken after fault, test result :
(good/satisfactory until next Megger 5000 Volt:
year test). Phase A : 7.5 MOhm.
Phase B : 5 MOhm.
Phase C : 7.5 MOhm
Establish monitoring/measurement Increase the relay setting to cover Replace the cable to avoid
of cable parameter such as high capacitive current. temporary flash-over
insulation strength, capacitance,
and relay calibration.
The insulation break down on cable that has been showing the sequence of events which result in cable
identified as sympathetic tripping is not absolutely insulation failure.
right, because when the temporary insulation
breakdown occurred the current flowed was as high 5. CONCLUSIONS
as the ground fault current in the system. In this case,
replacement of cable is meant for preventive action The conclusions based on the simulation results and
due to the fact that the cables have been on operation analysis are :
for more than 15 years. Those cables are potential to
experience temporary as well as permanent insulation 1. The configuration of the distribution networks
break down. The time diagram is given in Figure 3 that have very long 13.8 kV feeders and the
condition of the under ground cables used for
feeders that have been installed since about ITB Bandung, 1-4 Februari 1993.
fifteen years ago might change the cable [8] Wardhani, “Pengaruh Beban Industri Pada mutu
capacitance which increases the discharged Tenaga Listrik”, ENERGI & LISTRIK, Volume VI,
capacitive currents greater than the ground No.2, Juni 1996.
fault relay setting, especially in the transient [9] Barker P.P., ”Power Quality Monitoring Of A
period due to the existence of DC component Distribution System”, IEEE Transaction on Power
during the occurrence of a fault. Such Delivery, Vol.9, No.2, April 1994.
phenomena would result in sympathetic [10] Burke J.J., Griffith D.C., Ward D.J., “Power
tripping Quality – Two Different Perspectives”, IEEE
Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.5, No.3, July
2. The effect of aging on cables may degrade 1990.
the insulation strength to the point of failure [11] Power Systems Quality, Penerbit : McGraw-Hill,
and may result in current leakage. When a New York, 1996
ground fault occurs the bus voltage of the [12] Michael, K.,”Four Keys Steps In Performing A
unfaulted phases would increase (>170%). Power Quality Site Survey”,EC&M, Februari 1998
Frequent application of such over voltages [13] Melhorn, CJ.,”Characterization Of Power Quality
on cables might cause the insulation to age Problems Associated With Large Commercial
and large leakage current to flow (temporary Customers Served From Large Underground
insulation break down) leading to permanent Distribution Network System”,IEEE, 1994.
insulation break down to happen. Such [14] Penangsang O., Suyasa I.B.Kt.D., “ Identifikasi
temporary insulation break down could be Dan Penentuan Pola Gangguan Kualitas Daya
the cause of sympathetic tripping. Listrik Pada Sistem Distribusi 20 KV Di
Wilayah Surabaya”, Media Teknik , Fakultas
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