INTRODUCTION

Jet Dyeing Machine.

In mid-60s garments made from textured-filament polyester yarns & knitted into
double jersey fabric became very popular. The fabric was dyed in tubular form in
winches with carriers but results were not satisfactory. Main problem were Barry
dyeing & poor built-up of deep shade. To overcome these, pressure-beam dyeing
machines were used butting these handle of the fabric would become flat & thin
and also dark shade were glazed. At this stage. Mr. foreigner the chief engineer of
giant US textile processing firm the Burlington Industries, was first to patent the
principal of the using a jet of dye liquor to transport fabric in a dyeing machine .
This system, the fabric was rotated at a high speed of about 400 meters per minute
through a circular tube with the help of circulating dye liquor. The liquor was
collected from the bottom of the machine passed through a heat exchanger & then
a high volume centrifugal pump and injected at the top of the machine along with
the fabric through the tube. In spite of being much more expensive then a winch,
the equipment became a success because it could dye the textured polyester fabric
at 1250 c. dyeing at this temperature yields rapid, better penetrated and more level
dyeing that made in economic sense. The Burlington patent was purchased by the
US machinery manufacturers, M/s Gaston country & they marketed the first jet
machine in 1961. However the machine became commercially successful only after
1968 when the polyester textured double jersey fabric became very popular.

Machines in which both dye liquor & textile are mobile

jet dyeing machines are designed to simultaneously move or agitate fabrics and dye
liquor. They are practical & economical because if their low fabric to liquor
ratios(1:10 or less). These dying machine used venturi jet or tube, whose narrow
passage cause suction which import movement to the fabric while a standard
centrifugal pump import movement to the dye liquor. Since there introduction in the
late 1960’s jet dyeing machine have replace many other types of the batch dyeing
machine (such as winches and becks), and in many instances the method of choice
for commercial batch dyeing process

Improvement and modifications of the earlier jet dyeing machines have been
critically reviewed and describe. The first generation of the jet dyeing machines
were fully flooded with dye liquor and relied only on jet action to move the fabric to
minimize problem that occurred in the dyeing of light weight and certain type of
knit fabric. The jet pressure was not sufficient to prevent crush marks on these type
of fabric and increasing the jet pressure led to undesirable twist and different types
of crease marks defects. 2nd generation jet dyeing machine were base on the “soft

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flow” principle in which machine were designed horizontally to make the fabric
follow a path similar to that taken by it in a conventional winch. There are basically
to types of soft flow jet dyeing machine:

a) Those with a transportation tube outside the machine having a considerable

lift from the liquor level to the reel.

b) Those with the transportation tube within the dye autoclave parallel to dye
compartment with a short lift from the dye liquor to the reel. The Platt
Ventura jet dyeing machine is typical of a soft-flow system that has a
transportation tube within the autoclave and that is also equipped with liquor
over flow system.

The next generation of jet dyeing machines may be characterized as those that use
low liquor to fabric ratio (5:1 or less) to reduce energy consumption. Both
atmospheric and high pressure dyeing machines of this type have been designed.

With the former particular suitable for dyeing cotton knit fabrics with reactive dyes.
Initial designs (such as the thies R-140 & the temperature Texpro HI jet) included a
system of circular movement of the fabrics with variable speed reel and powerful jet
action. Yet at very low liquor/fabric ratios some type of fabric became distorted,
had crush marks or similar defects in these types of machine, later jet dyeing
machines, such as thies rotor stream and the schoil compact, had markedly
different designs from the initial low liquor, jet dyeing machines rotor stream was
design to avoid crush marks by using a special design jet and transportation tube
that allows the fabric to pass throw the jet with minimum pressure and plaiting it
across and inside to perforated circular cages, the schoil compact has an over flow
chamber above and before the jet with a very long transportation tube that makes
the opening of the fabrics in rope form more facile.

Fully flooded, soft flow and low liquor ratio jet dyeing machine have been further
modified to produce a class of rapid jet dyeing machines. Such machines have the
advantages of increased productivity, versatility and reduce dyeing time. The
reduce dyeing time also give fewer fabric defects to due in a increase liquor
circulation rate. Comparative features of conventional and rapid jet dyeing
machines. The ESPA miniflott machines is a prototype jet dyeing machines that uses
the principle of a very long dye tank that has a transportation tube above it of the
same length is the dye tank and a pick up reel and jet at the front of the machines.

Later jet dyeing machines such as jawetex jigged in Switzerland have features such
as a J-shaped dye box that make the unit of combination of a jig & jet system.

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Newer concepts includes the development of a continuous jet dyeing machines for
treatment of fabric in rope form and the adaptation of link jet dyeing techniques for
paper to the coloration of textile.

The principal of jet dyeing is considered a revolutionary development in the design

of the dyeing machine. As it often happens that once an idea is successfully
established many evolutionary developments take place in rapid succession to
improve the original invention. In next decade almost every dyeing machinery
manufacturer marketed its own Jet dyeing machine it is not possible to give even
the salient features of all these machines that were developed in rapid succession
and only principal of the more popular jets will discussed below.

Fully Flooded Jet Dyeing Machine.

In the Gaston country jet fabric is lifted and circulated with the help of powerful jet
of liquor and this tends to create longitudinal creases in the fabric in order to reduce
the tension design of the machine was modified to give the fabric an upward lift by
filling the dyeing tube with the dye solution. Several design of fully flooded machine
have been patented and one interesting one made by Vald Henriksen has horizontal
tubes of doughnut shape mounted one above the other. The machine is very
compact and saves floor space but was not very successful because the delicate
fabrics were damaged by the centrifugal force generated with the high-speed
rotation.

Most machines have two or three tubes mounted side by side with a common pump
and heater. Depending upon the fabric characteristics, capacity of each tube ranges
between 100 to 150 kg and cloth speed varies from 100 to 200 m/mint.

Soft Flow Jet Dyeing Machines:

The main difference between the fully flooded and the soft flow machines is that is
that latter fabric is positively lifted from the bath with a driven reel and then carried
to the far end of the machine. As the rate of flow of the liquor is lower than the jets
of earlier models, the machine is termed “soft Flow”. Dye additions are made
through a secondary pressure pump when operating above 100oc. As the fabric is
lifted with a driven reel, there is a minimum of tension and creasing it. The soft flow
jet were again modified when the oil prices quadruped in 1974-5 and low liquor ratio
machines were introduced in order to economize on energy. In some machines,
fabric is dropped in a rotating so as to reduce longitudinal tension still. It is also
customary now to line floor of the dyeing tube with Teflon sheet whose surface
allows the fabric to move with a minimum of drag resistance. For knit fabrics, some

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machines provide a ballooning device before the lifting reel so that the creases In
the fabric are removed continuously and dyeing is even. The liquor ratio is usually
around 10 to 8:1. However, in modern jets especially those required for cotton
goods, the trend is to reduce the liquor ratio still more so as to conserve steam and
chemicals and decrease effluent. Recently M/s then have introduced an air-blowing
device to propel the fabric rope and has managed to reduce liquor ratio to 5:1 for
cotton goods. For synthetic fibers, a very low liquor ratio 2:1 has also been claimed

The advantages of Jet Dyeing Machine

The Jet Dyeing Machine offers the following striking advantages that make them
suitable for fabrics like polyesters.

• Low consumption of water

• Short dyeing time

• Can be easily operated at high temperatures and pressure

• Comparatively low liquor ratios, typically ranges between 1:4 and 1:20

• Fabrics are handled carefully and gently

The Advantages of Overflow Dyeing Machine

• No evaporative losses- As the dyeing vessel is closed, there is no

evaporative losses stemming from the dye bath. Further, depending on the
situation the temperature may be raised to more than 1000oC.

• No build up of steam condensate in the dye bath- The latest technology

implies that the dye bath gets heated by a heat transducer which is steam
driven. This technology apart from being very efficient ensures that there is
no build up of steam condensate in the dye bath.

• Low liquor ratios- Dyeing is conducted at relatively low liquor ratios, e.g.
10:1 and may be lesser resulting in substantial savings in water and energy.

• Excellent dye liquor contact- Excellent dye liquor contact with the fabric
rope results in better and more improved level dyeing.

• Computer control- The machines are operated by computer and hence,

operator error is eliminated.

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Specification of Soft Flow Dyeing Machine

Multi Nozzle soft flow dyeing machine

• Very low Liquor ratio - around 1:1 (Wet Fabric)

• Can reach high temp. up to 140°C

• Easily dye 30 to 450 g/mt. sq. of fabrics (woven & knitted fabrics)

• Number of very soft-flow nozzles

• No pilling effect

• Wide capacity

High Temperature High Pressure Soft Flow Dyeing Machine

• Compact body made of stainless steel.

• High efficiency heat exchanger for quick heating/cooling.

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 • Compact body made of stainless steel.

• Heating rate - around 4°C/Min up to 900°C - around 3°C/Min up to 135°C At

steam pressure of 6 Bar.

• Cooling Rate- around 4°C/ Min At water pressure of 4 Bar and 15°C.

• Maximum working temp is 135°C.

• Maximum working pressure of 3.2 Bar.

• Control manual as well as automatic.

• Heavy duty stainless steel pump.

Advantages of Air Flow Machine

• Completely Separated circuit for liquor circulation without getting in touch

with the textile

• Bath less Dyeing operation

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 • Rinsing process offers all the added benefits of continuous processing as it is
no longer a batch operation

• Extremely low liquor ratio

• Virtually non stop process

• Comparatively lesser energy requirement due to faster heating/cooling and

optimum heat recovery from the hot exhausted dye liquors

• Reduction in consumption of the chemicals (e.g. salt) dosage of which is

based on the amount of dye bath

• Lesser water consumption savings up to 50% from the conventional Jet

dyeing machines

• Sensitivity towards ecology

• Economical operation

• More safety while dyeing

INNOVATIONS IN JET DYEING MACHINE

Jet Dyeing Machine (Fabric Dyeing machine)

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 • Capacity : 200-250 Kg. (Single Tube)
• Liquor Ratio - 1:1 (Wet Fabrics)
• Dye - 30 To 450 Gm /m. Sq Fabrics (Polyester, Polyester blends, Woven &
Knitted Fabrics)
• High Temp.- Up to 140 Deg C.
• Fabric Speed - 300 Miters / Min.

Exclusive Features:

In this development, there is no fabric drive reel to move the fabric. The fabric
movement by only force of water. It is economical, because of low liquor ratio it's
reduce every think. It is users friendly because comparison with long tube dyeing
machine, to control the fabric movement 4 valves required.

Multi-Nozzle Soft Flow Dyeing Machine

(Fabric Dyeing machine)

Dervish’s new textile and fabric dyeing plant has penetrated internationally dye-
house machinery market with its new multi-nozzle soft flow dyeing machines that

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offers high productivity with low liquor ratio in fabric dyeing compared to the
conventional dyeing machinery.

Dervish’s multi-nozzle soft flow dyeing machinery is the new age solution. The
DEVREKHA Multi-Nozzle Low/High Temperature Dyeing technology works as soft
flow as well as jet dyeing machine. The main advantage of this development is to
increase the machine flexibility / versatility, to process all types of fabrics.

In this new technical development, the soft-nozzles have big diameter and fix nozzle
has an individual flow control valve. The main nozzle is adjustable. By increasing
and decreasing the gap of nozzle, flow and pressure increases and decreases as per
fabric quality demand. To run this machine as a soft flow machine, increase the gap
that decreases the pressure and increases water flow. At that time all three nozzles
work as soft flow and water flow gets control individually by control valve as per
fabric quality demand.

To run machine as a jet dyeing machine, decrease the gap of nozzle that increases
the pressure and decreases the water flow. That time close the soft-nozzle control
valve.

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EXCLUSIVE FEATURES

• Ultra low liquor ratio – 1;1 (Wet Fabric)

• Number of very soft-flow nozzles
• No pilling effect
• Dye 30 to 500 g./m. sq fabrics (Woven & knitted fabrics)
• Work as a Jet Dyeing machine for polyester, cotton blend fabrics
• Counter flow as well as reverse flow
• Reduce pollution plant size
• High temperature up to 140µ 6;C.
• Capacity – 10 Kg. To 300 kg
• Work as a Soft Flow machine for Woven & Knitted Cotton Fabrics

Multi Nozzle Soft Flow Economical Dyeing Machine

(Fabric / Piece Dyeing Machine)

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EXCLUSIVE FEATURES

• Ultra low Liquor ratio - 1:1 (Wet Fabric)

• Dye - 30 to 450 g/ m. sq Fabrics (woven & knitted fabrics).
• Number of very soft-flow nozzles & jet nozzles.
• No pilling effect.
• Work as a jet dyeing machine for polyester & blend fabrics.
• Work as a soft flow machine for cotton fabrics.
• Reduce pollution plant size.
• No color inlet pump (optional) - Dozing pump
• High temp. up to 140° C.
• Capacity 50 to 2000kgs.

Atmospheric Soft Flow Dyeing Machine

(Fabric / Piece Dyeing Machine)

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EXCLUSIVE FEATURES

• Removable full basket.

• Totally tangle free operation with help of angular design nozzle & fully
floatable
• Square pipe.
• Dye 30 to 500g./mtr. Sq. Fabrics (Polyester, Cotton, Woven & Knitted fabrics).
• Excellent & even Dyeing with low tension & perfect rinsing system.
• Capacity available 100kg. To 800 kg.
• Stirrer mechanism.
• Low tension volumetric soft nozzles.
• Fully dismantle design.
• Vessel made by SS 316L.
• Low temp. - Up to 90° C. (Max.)

Different views of this machine

Long Tube Rapid Jet Dyeing Machine

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Economical Long Tube Rapid Jet Dyeing Machine
Even difficult materials that allow processing by soft flow jet dyeing machines are
dyed smoothly in this method. For example. M/s – Alignment of lining can be
prevented. Most suitable direct fabric and multiple materials such as non- – woven
and blended materials etc.

Vastly Improved Smother Running Condition

Dyeing of Micro – fiber lower liquor ration (lower than 1.8) reducing of running coat
and total water consumption with effluent treatment cost.

Running at stable, Lower tension

No more clogging up in the back of the chamber at room temperature to get better
result of Bo-finish & of shirting & suiting also.

Our latest design required slop on rear construction improves smother fabric
transportation and stable loading condition to get tangle free operation during the
low & high temp. Process.

Low liquor ration dyeing

more uniform circulation and better liquid better separating structure contributes to
stable and lower tension running while process.

EXCUSIVE FEATURES

• Liquor ration – 1:5 to (Wet Fabrics)

• Adjustable ball type nozzle.
• Main vessel & basket – SS 316 L
• Motor – 10 HP, To 15 HP
• Fabric drive reel with A.C Motor & Frequency controller.
• High temp. Up to 140°C
• Working pressure – 4Kg. / Cm²
• Capacity. 25 to 200 Kg

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Capacity (A) (B) mm/ © mm/
(Kgs) mm/inch inch inch)

100 8000/315 1700 / 3000/

67 118

150 11250/443 1700 / 3000/

67 118

200 12500/492 1700 / 3000/

67 118

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