Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
14
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
µ S wave velocity
VS =
ρ E wave velocity
E
VE =
ρ
where
ρ density
K bulk modulus = 1/compressibility
µ shear modulus
λ Lamé's coefficient
E Young's modulus
ν Poisson's ratio
M P-wave modulus = K + (4/3) µ
ρ1V1
ρ2V2
AVO
Amplitude Variation with Offset
V P1, VS1, ρ1 φ1 Deepwater
Well Oil
#2 Sand
Reflected
θ1 S-wave
Incident Reflected
P-wave P-wave
Transmitted
P-wave
φ2 θ2
Transmitted
VP2, V S2, ρ 2 S-wave C N.4 D
Recorded CMP Gather Synthetic
17
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
1 ⎜⎛ ∆VP ∆ρ ⎞
R0 ≈ + ⎟
2 ⎝ VP ρ⎠
18
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
Seismic Amplitudes
Many factors influence seismic amplitude:
• Source coupling
• Source radiation pattern
• Receiver response, coupling, and pattern
• Scattering and Intrinsic Attenuation
• Sperical divergence
• Focusing
• Anisotropy
• Statics, moveout, migration, decon, DMO
• Angle of Incidence
…
• Reflection coefficient
Source Rcvr
19
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
Intervals or Interfaces?
Crossplots or Wiggles?
Rock physics analysis is usually applied to intervals, where
we can find fairly universal relations of acoustic properties to
fluids, lithology, porosity, rock texture, etc.
20
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
Convolutional Model
Impedance Normal Incidence
Reflectivity
vs. depth Seismic
Convolve
With
wavelet
Rock properties Derivatives of Smoothed image
in each small layer of derivative of
layer properties impedance
21
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
Inversion
22
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
Problem of Resolution
Log-scale rock physics may be different
than seismic scale
24
Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Tapan Mukerji
Units of Stress:
25