Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
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subjectsand in those days obviously attractive to the visitors; above all, in their regular visiting on both sides. The full implications of
probablynot identifying view their property is safer in Turkey than in almost all these increasedcontacts, particularlyin view of eth-
themselvesprimarilyas any part of the ex-USSR. More speculatively, it is pos- nic complexities on both sides of the border, are too
Turks)used to seek
sible that some other features of this region command complex to analyze in a short article.
temporaryworkin
Russia.The city of
respect, even though they are an inconvenience to As a postscript, we must acknowledge that these
Batumiwas one of their traders- for example, almost complete observance by market developments have affected our main research
most favoured adults of the Ramazan fast. On the other hand, some plans and altered the way we are perceived in the
destinations.The details visitors may notice, for example, in Turkey's secular region. In 1983 and 1988 we were not ourselves mis-
differed,but then as rituals and the ubiquitouscult of Atatuirk,hints of what taken for Rus, as we frequently are this year, and not
todaythe main factor has been so dramatically swept away in their own without some discomfort. Nor do we recall having in
promotingcross-border countries. earlier years to fend off quite so many questions about
movementwas severe
Images and myths form a rich and ever-changing our own material circumstances, about who is paying
economichardship.
Hann,C.M. 1990. Tea and
backcloth to these marketplaceexchanges. The myth of us to live in Turkey, and how much money can various
the Domesticationof the the wealthy socialist superpower has been exposed, types of worker expect to receive in England today
TurkishState (SOAS while myths concerning blonde women live on for the (after stoppages). We too have been caught up willy
OccasionalPapersin time being. On both sides one may expect more realis- nilly in this ever-increasing dissemination of the lan-
ModemTurkishStudies tic pictures to emerge, with poverty, corruption and guage of the market. As it happens, economic themes
No. 1. Huntingdon: civil conflict among the most frequently recurring figure prominently on our research agenda here. We
EothenP.). themes. In this way a border that was sealed for two hope to complete a study of the small business sector,
Meeker,Michael E. 1971.
generationshas been truly opened. Alongside the high- to complement earlier rural work. Like other
'The Black Sea Turks:
Some aspects of their
lighting of culturaldifferences, new affinities are start- anthropologists elsewhere we had expected to make
ethnicand cultural ing to emerge, and it is possible that some old ones will many useful contacts in the course of satisfying routine
background', be renewed. Already some people we know are expand- wants by patronizinglocal establishments.But we too
InternationalJournal of ing a cross-border relationship from its original are finding the lure of the Rus pazari impossible to
MiddleEasternStudies, economic base into a more meaningful friendship,with resist. E]
2, 4, pp.318-45.
Anthropology
and the study o
refugees
B.E. HARRELL-BONDand E. VOUTIRA
Dr Barbara E. Throughoutthis century, scholars scattered around the general for its neglect of the subject:
Harrell-Bondis Director of world and from a wide range of disciplines have It has been estimated that up to 140 million people have
the RefugeeStudies engaged in refugee-relatedresearch, with publications been forcibly uprooted in this century alone! In view of
Programme,Queen this it is remarkablethat social scientists have generally
relating to legal issues dominating the field. Of all the neglected refugee studies and research. Further, no
ElizabethHouse, University disciplines involved in the study of human behaviour,
of Oxford.Dr Eftihia 'Departmentfor Refugee Studies' exists in any university
Voutiraworksat the we contend that anthropology has the most to con- or other higher education institution.It is pertinentto ask
Departmentof tributeto the study of refugees. The relationruns in the why...? May it be that in many minds...refugees are seen
other direction as well; anthropologycan also gain by as immigrantswith little distinction drawn between them?
Anthropology,Universityof
Or could it be too difficult an area to research,involving a
Cambridge,and is a recognizing refugees as falling within its disciplinary multidisciplinaryapproach which academics tend to dis-
research associate in the concerns. like? Or maybe it has little kudos attachedto it and attracts
RefugeeStudies
During the 1980s the study of forced migration has few researchgrants, hence ...not useful for promotionpur-
Programmeat Oxford.
gained greater recognition as a legitimate academic poses? Perhaps it is also too painful a subject for social
Both authors wish to scientists to get close to? (1983)
express their appreciation field for research and instruction.A significant number
Three related issues may be singled out. The first is the
to Professor Rene of new publicationshave appeared,including the multi-
Hirschon, Universityof the conceptual confusion surroundingour perceptions of
disciplinaryJournal of Refugee Studies and the Journal
Aegean and the displacement,and the lack of rigorousclassification for
of InternationalRefugee Law - the latter sponsored by
Departmentof the different conditions, causes and patterns'of refugee
Anthropology,Oxford the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner
movements in time and space. The second is the limita-
Polytechnic,for her for Refugees (UNHCR). A few university-based re-
tions of our institutionalarrangements,the 'culture' of
commentson an earlier search centres specifically devoted to this field have
draft and also to Laura academia,which does not get beyond renderinglip ser-
been established.1 However, when the Association of
Hammond,Research vice to the need for an inter- or multi-disciplinaryun-
Social Anthropologists and the Journal of Refugee
Student,Departmentof derstandingof human society. The third is the need for
Anthropology,Universityof Studies co-sponsored a prize essay in this field, none
reconsiderationof the very expertise and subject-matter
Wisconsin,Madison, who could be offered the first year and, in the second, there
which are regardedas defining anthropology.
helped the authors when were still insufficient contributionsto justify its con-
she was visiting the RSP in tinuation.More generally too, althoughforced displace-
January. Who are refugees?
ment, uprootings and other refugee-relatedphenomena
The history of refugees in this century began with the
- including the events which give rise to them - are a
replacement of the old multi-ethnic European empires
standardfeature of human social experience, relatively
by the new world order of sovereign nation states.
little attention has been paid to it by the academic es-
Hundreds of thousands of people were forced to flee
tablishment. In 1982, at a conference on the
their homes because they did not 'belong', they did not
psychological problems faced by refugees, Ron Baker,
fit the nationalist principle of 'one state, one culture'
a professor of social work, criticized academia in