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List of Contents
List of Contents....................................................................................................................2
1. RATIONALES FOR A NEW CONCEPT FOR DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING.......................................................................................4
1.1 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH.............................................4
Step 1 - Getting Organized to Work with the IDDP and Identifying Stakeholders ...................5
Step 2 - Setting the Vision for the IDDP from a National Perspective.....................................5
Step 3 – Analyzing the Situation.........................................................................................5
Step 4 – Setting the Goals and Objectives for the IDDP.......................................................6
Step 5 – Establishing the Development Thrust and Spatial Strategies...................................6
Step 6 - Conducting Hearings on IDDP...............................................................................6
Step 7 - Preparing the Detailed Draft IDDP .........................................................................7
Step 8 - Reviewing, Adopting and Approving the IDDP........................................................7
Step 9 - Implementing the IDDP.........................................................................................7
Step 10 – Monitoring, Reviewing & Evaluating the IDDP......................................................7
METHODOLOGY APPLIED FOR IDDP .................................................7
BASE MAP.......................................................................................................................9
POPULATION PROJECTED PER DISTRICT 2010-2020 .................................................14
1.2 MAYOR’S FOREWORD.........................................................15
1.4 NATIONAL AND DISTRICT OBJECTIVES TO BE FOCUSED
ON/PRIORITIZED/IMPLEMENTED DURING THE PLANNING PERIOD 2012-
2017..............................................................................................15
Vision 2020.........................................................................................................................15
Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) ...................................16
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The NICI – 2010 Plan ..........................................................................................................16
District Profile ....................................................................................................................16
Some Performance Indicators and Assessment Tools for Kayonza District.....................21
1.5 SECTOR NEEDS ASSESSMENT ............................................22
A. Education, Youth, Sport and Culture.............................................................................22
B. Health, Gender, Family Promotion and Child’s Protection............................................30
Example in a District Development Plan ...........................................................................30
C. Economic Development and Job Promotion.................................................................33
D. Administration and Good Governance..........................................................................39
E. Infrastructure, Water, Land, Housing and Urban Development.....................................41
Imidugudu Development....................................................................................................41
Umujyi Implementation......................................................................................................43
Sustainable District Centre Development..........................................................................43
Informal Settlement Upgrading.........................................................................................43
General Description.........................................................................................................44
Comprehensive Inventory................................................................................................44
Waste Management ...........................................................................................................51
Solid waste .....................................................................................................................51
Toxic waste.....................................................................................................................51
Waste Water...................................................................................................................52
District Planning Implications............................................................................................52
F. Human Resource Development and Supporting Services ............................................52
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The major challenges in this Sector are linked to lack of experienced human resources Implementation of Projects for Tourism Development........................................................70
which impacts negatively on the will of the District to deliver rapid, quality and less Exploitation and Supply of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Resources........................70
expensive services. The financial potential of the District has not yet been .....................52 Revitalization of Transportation System............................................................................70
Conservation and Protection of Natural Biodiversity...........................................................70
1.6 RISK AND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS........................................52
1.10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION – PLAN PROPOSAL.....................74
1.7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION – SITUATION ANALYSIS ..................57
1.11 APPROVAL AND APPEAL PROCESS .................................74
1.8 PROPOSED LAND USE DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PLANNING
PERIOD 2012-2017..........................................................................57 1.12 PROTOCOLS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION............74

BINDING DIRECTIVES FOR LAND USE CHANGES OF AREAS AND HUBS OF NATIONAL Creating an IDDP Project Management GIS Application ...................................................74
INTEREST TILL 2020..........................................................................................................57 Project Objectives ...........................................................................................................75

DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN...............................................................................................69

1.13 APPENDIX.......................................................................78

1.9 PROPOSED PROJECTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE Vision 2020.........................................................................................................................78

PLANNING PERIOD 2012-2017 .........................................................69
Equitable Distribution of Public Services over the Country..................................................69 EDPRS ...............................................................................................................................78
Implementation of Deconcentration Urban Policy ..............................................................69
Implementation of Sound Imidugudu Policy.......................................................................69 NICI – PLAN 2010...............................................................................................................78
Implementation of Projects for Improved Agricultural Production ........................................70
Implementation of Projects for Increased Forestry Production ............................................70 Population Projections 2010-2020 .....................................................................................78
Intensification of Mineral Deposit Exploitation ....................................................................70

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This is the first attempt to present guidelines for Integrated District Development
Planning. More elaborations of this guidelines will be made onwards for the rollout
of the institutional building projects to be implemented in 2012 .For the continuous
work it is proposed that a working group with participants from responsible
authorities ( MINALOC, NLC, etc.) jointly will be working with the task..
The National Land Use and Development Master Plan is referred to as the Plan in the
text. STUDA is an abbreviation for the Plan being used in some cases. IDDP stands
for Integrated District Development Plan – the proposed modern concept for District
planning coordinated with the Plan.
RATIONALES FOR A NEW CONCEPT
FOR DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING
While the District Development Plans (DDPs) are well placed to be prioritization and
implementation tools of the Plan, it is recommended that they be significantly
improved to serve as adequate tools for good governance at local government level.
Conceptual ideas on how to improve the current District Planning process to become
a comprehensive tool for planning, implementation and monitoring at local level has
been presented in Part II (see Chapter 4 ‘Housing and Urbanization’, pg 16 onwards).
The justification was well received by the stakeholders during the consultation period.
In the preparation of the Final Part of the Plan a Pilot Study involving three Districts:
Rubavu; Gasabo and Kayonza, was conducted to touch base with the day-to-day
situation and to prepare guidelines for improved District development planning. The
encounter underlines the need of a modern planning instrument. The general
impression is that it is a quite cumbersome situation at the local government level at
present; nobody seems to have a clear overview of the situation and projects
implementation in particular, too many uncoordinated progress reports are being
requested by central government, and very late requests for attendance at various
meetings outside the District complicates the daily schedule at office. Moreover, the
existing District Development Plans, in reality prepared by consultants, seem not to
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have in-house staff ‘custodian’ for follow-up and lack practical influence on decision-
making and monitoring of development projects.
1.1 Methodological Approach
District development Planning should utilize the best available scientific information to
identify and protect significant natural resources and to ensure the viability of both
human and natural communities. Advancement in the fields of landscape ecology and
conservation biology have led to a greater understanding of the importance of
protecting buffer areas, wildlife corridors, and other landscape characteristics essential
for healthy, functioning ecosystems. New innovative attempts to ‘modernize’ planning
and monitoring, such as the Pressure-State-Response Model, promise to make the
work more effective. The approach found in these guidelines will introduce methods,
which make it possible to predict the socio-economic and environmental impact of
various decisions and discuss alternatives at an early stage. Indicators showing
whether plans promote or work against the achievement of socio-economic and
environmental objectives are presented in different stages of the planning process.
Furthermore, the approach will introduce the means by which these planning
principles can be incorporated into the consensus-based planning process that
ensures protection of significant natural areas and human communities. It makes it
possible to determine the total urban land supply, consider monitoring of land use
changes and project compliance to land use policies and guidelines and consider
monitoring the deviation of the existing land use to the proposed structure plan or
zoning.
The approach will be primarily devoted to illustrating the
use of GIS as a decision support tool for sustainable
environmental solutions and to developing generic
procedures in generating alternative spatial strategies by
using GIS technology in all the plan preparation steps. It
will introduce the stakeholders to planning techniques and
standards, GIS analysis techniques in the assessment of
socio-economic, institutional, infrastructure and
environmental conditions, graphic user interfaces and
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developed formal decision support models. It will also explore the advantages of using
remote sensing techniques, such as change detection analyses, for environmental
monitoring. It will utilize GIS in, for example, the overlay analysis to determine suitable
areas for the development of various public services and utilities.
Recommended steps in a comprehensive and integrated development approach for
land use planning are outlined as follows:
The rationales for the IDDP, which identifies and describes the steps of the IDDP
preparation, are summarized below. Leads for GIS as a tool in the IDDP preparation
would then be to prepare information products which reflect that
¾ the Plan is both regulatory and catalytic at the same time ;
¾ the Plan Process will include a substantial amount of participatory planning
or rather collaborative planning.
Information Products can be defined as the instructive components that are
needed to present IDDP Steps in a comprehensive way and will consist of tables,
graphs and maps in both digital and paper based formats
The following Steps are proposed and can easily be adopted into the prescribed
phases/tasks of the IDDP Planning Process:
Step 1 - Getting Organized to Work with the IDDP and Identifying Stakeholders
Anticipating and preparing for the resources that will be needed for the surveying and
planning activities will lead to the smooth implementation and accomplishment of the
planning outputs on time. As regards data capture it is important to ensure that a ‘GIS
Start Package’ -the resources needed for GIS activities- are readily available. It will
mean that all the five components of GIS will be secured: hardware, software, human
resource development, data and methodology.
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Step 2 - Setting the Vision for the IDDP from a National Perspective.
The Ministry of Local Government, which has a leading role in the IDDP preparation,
has Vision, Goal and Objectives for development at district level. These visionary
statements could (and should) not differ from other visions provided for the country
(Vision 2020) and be mirrored in the IDDP. Also the STUDA have goals, guidelines
and planning standards that will have impact on District Planning. The specific
implications of the national targets must be described for the district so that duplication
of efforts and the risk of confusion among stakeholders and the general public is
avoided. Likewise, the IDDP vision must reflect the NICI- 2010 Plan in which the
Rwandan Government is pursuing the creation of a knowledge-based economy, and
in which Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will play a central role. The
objective is to use ICT for poverty reduction through its catalytic and leveraging effect
on improving access to basic services such as education and health.
Step 3 – Analyzing the Situation
Step 3 of the planning process - Situation Analysis - basically answers the question:
Where are we now? It is both analytical and diagnostic, geared towards identifying
issues, potentials and future development needs and spatial requirements of the
city/nation. Assessment involves technical and participatory methods.
In this step the first thing is to take necessary actions to gather the required data and
to prepare a digital IDDP Base Map. It might be a lengthy process and it is, therefore,
important to ensure that a base map is readily available as soon as possible so
gathering of data for sector and cross sector analysis is not delayed.
It is, likewise, recommended to prepare the demography data upon the base line
studies and sector analyses that education, health, transport, agriculture, etc. will be
based on. As there is only one vision set for the nation, one population projection for
the district should be agreed on.
Technical assessment is based on factual data derived from surveys, official
publications and records of the national agencies concerned and other entities.
Assessment involves the use of indicators such as proportions, rates, frequency,
quality/condition (e.g. severity, critical, etc.), standards and other parameters that are
vital in characterizing the situations.
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The result of the situation analysis will hopefully bring out a tailored specification of
data that answers to the special requirement for sustainable development .The
consultation will also trigger the search –for data’ activity and the secondary source
data custodians should then be approached as early as possible in order to get all
necessary information required for this step as the search and acquisition for the data
is usually a lengthy process.
In this Step, thematic spatial layers -Baseline Studies- need to be prepared for all
sectors and sub sectors included in the IDDP. The locations of service facilities,
infrastructure utilities, environmental prospects and constraints and land management
regulatory options and limitations as specified in the ToR need to be defined with an
accuracy that is acceptable for IDDP planning and analysis activities.
It is also recommended that a proper File and Folder system should be introduced for
the accumulated Project attribute and spatial data.
The Needs Assessment Information Products will be a comprehensive
combination of maps which will not only reveal weaknesses or gaps in the distribution
of goods and services of the urban area but also the District needs based on
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population projections. GIS is a useful tool for this as it makes the plan more
transparent to the general public.
The Risk & Suitability Analysis Information Products will focus on the limitations
and potentials originating from nature and man made/enforced restrictions/ rules and
regulations. These will provide the bases for some examples for the formulation of a
sustainable development plan for the district area.
Step 4 – Setting the Goals and Objectives for the IDDP
The next step after the data gathering and analysis is the formulation of goals and
objectives that will help the district to achieve its vision. It is important that the goals
and objectives reflect the “common good” or consensus of the broader community so
that implementation of the plan effectively engages all sectors, and ownership is
shared community-wide. A good way to achieve this is to conduct participatory goal-
setting processes in public settings where the Situation and Risk & Suitability Analysis
Information Products can be presented.
Step 5 – Establishing the Development Thrust and Spatial Strategies
This step is critical in determining the future spatial development of the district and
involves the understanding of what is appropriate, feasible and possible through an
exploration of different land use alternatives or scenarios. A draft plan will be prepared
based on a preferred way forward. Only the planner’s imagination can define the limits
of the use GIS in this step. Most probably the use of GIS will be limited to actual
presentation and display work in the beginning. When the planner acquires advanced
skills in the use of the GIS, more sophisticated spatial analysis is possible.
Step 6 - Conducting Hearings on IDDP
This involves a 3-stage process namely: public display and
information dissemination; conduct of hearings and
consultations. The process aims to inform the general public and
ensure an objective and participatory review of the draft IDDP
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and to encourage ownership of the plan and gain support for its implementation.
GIS will be a useful instrument to translate the plan into a format that will be
understood by the stakeholders. The information products in the above step can be
printed out and displayed and/or be included in a PowerPoint presentation.
Step 7 - Preparing the Detailed Draft IDDP
It is at this stage where the location and details of the plan
components are put into final draft form. It also provides for more
detailed information on land use regulations/controls, among
other things. The GIS will be useful in furnishing templates which
are based on map standards with regard to format and
symbology.
Step 8 - Reviewing, Adopting and Approving the IDDP
The mandatory and comprehensive review of the IDDP by political
leaders, private sector and general public will take place in this step,
after which adoption, enactment and approval of IDDP by the Client will
take place.
GIS benefits from the excellence of the digital mode compared to the
tedious process of reviewing analogue maps which might be useful in
this step.
Step 9 - Implementing the IDDP
Implementing the IDDP requires
resources, institutional structures and
procedures. For example Urban
Development Plans, Action Area
Plans for Imidugudu Villages need to
be prepared in order to provide a
closer touch base interpretation of the
national strategies. The proposed planning legislation allows great flexibility for the
implementers to design and implement their own organizational structure and staffing
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pattern for the projects taking into consideration its vision, mission, goals and
objectives as contained in the IDDP and accountability to the country.
Step 10 – Monitoring, Reviewing & Evaluating the IDDP
The GIS enables the planner to readily extract data
from the database and IDDP project profile,
Thus, it will be easier for the Districts, NLC, MINALOC
and other sector authorities and agencies concerned to manage/ implement projects
as well as share project information with stakeholders/contractors.
With the IDDP and its implementation program established, assessment procedures
for its effectiveness must be instituted. Monitoring review and evaluation are
performed to assess how fully and how effectively a plan is being carried out.
The combination of attribute and spatial data, which is a unique advantage of GIS,
greatly facilities the measurement of development outcome and trends. As the GIS
software is developing strongly into more user-friendly interface it will also be easier to
meet a growing demand for ‘political transparency’ and participatory planning.
1.2 Methodology Applied For IDDP
Based on the general methodological approach found in the previous chapters, a
tailored methodology to be applied for the IDDP preparation is presented. The figure
below shows the steps of preparations and it also define the list of contents of the
IDDP. Besides from the general recommendations the following part of the guidelines
includes examples taken from the studies of the three pilot districts.
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Integrated development planning is a means of improving the quality of people’s lives

through the implementation of integrated and sustainable programs and projects. It is
The figure below illustrates a proposed IDDP Planning Process. cross-cutting processes that seeks to co-ordinate and align all dimensions and sectors
engaged in development by formulating integrated development strategies that are
socially, economically and environmentally sustainable.

Integrated District Development Planning (IDDP) could be one of the key tools for
local government to manage its developmental role as part of an integrated system of
planning and delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at decisions on issues
such as District budgets, land management, promotion of local economic
development and institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative,
systematic and strategic manner. Integrated Development Plans, however, will not
only inform the District management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of
any agency from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs
and the private sector within the District area.

The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more
effective delivery of both local and other services to communities and the general
public, and the creation of a framework for economic and social development in the
District. A number of links also exist between integrated development planning and
intended developmental outcomes.

Integrated development planning should also function as a catalyst for wealth creation
and distribution at local levels. It is intended to assist in the promotion of socio-
economic development through providing a more predictable framework within which
governmental, private or foreign investments will more easily be attracted. It will also
facilitate the creation of a more investor-friendly environment and the promotion of
local economic development.

And as stated before, the IDDP should also function as the implementation tool on the
Consequently, a modern concept for integrated district development planning is
Plan so binding directives regarding national interests should be respected in the local
proposed to be introduced to harmonize with the national Plan and to match future
development planning.
demands for equitable service provision through decentralized and participatory
decision making.

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BASE MAP ¾ Vector layers with a backdrop comprising of a composite of satellite imagery
The base map serves as a background layer for the preparation of various sector and orthophoto.
information. It may also be used for analysis of the characteristics and development
within the area of study. Different types of information may be reflected and overlaid in ¾ Only the vector layers.
the base map that would enable the user to visually relate development trends,
constraints, etc., in the area of study. Depending on the complexicity of the thematic information that will be presented the
Base Map can be customized and simplified so that thematic information will be
Generally, there are two kinds of base maps: a general (comprehensive) and a more highlighted.
detailed (cadastral) base map. A general base map reflects broad and more
generalized information. It is prepared to be used in a smaller scale and reflects the
boundaries of the whole study area, the major roads, settlement pattern/urban-rural
and important naming for easy reference and the important natural features such as
streams and rivers. This map is used in the preparation of need analysis maps base
on population distribution and population projection, general land uses and for
illustration purposes. The common denominator is the sector area. In a GIS, each
thematic sector can add layers with data from its own field that can be analyzed and
exposed in a comprehensive format. It is also important information in the context of
an audience that is not so ‘map literate’. For Rwanda, most of the districts can be
presented on the scale of 1:50,000 which is suitable to be placed in a display or just to
be hanged on the wall. The large districts like Kayonza, will need to be reduced to 1;
100,000 to be accommodated on A1 size. The map on the next page shows a
reduced example of a base map for IDDP planning purposes.

The detailed, cadastral, base map, on the other hand, is prepared in a much larger
scale and provides more detailed information. It gives detailed spatial and attribute
information about individual permanent features such as properties, building blocks or
even building footprints. The cadastral map constitutes the platform for many district
sector activities such as financial management and billing consolidation. The common
denominator is the parcel number, a unique set of digits assigned to each land parcel.
The parcel number is the ‘bridge’ between GIS data and all types of attribute data
captured in thematic applications. As soon as NLC has finalized the National Land
Registration Project, the district can be furnished with detailed cadastral information for
a separate plot, part of or the entire district.

On the next two pages two versions of the general Base Map are presented:

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POPULATION PROJECTED PER DISTRICT 2010-2020

A country’s population and how it is geographically distributed can influence the
state of land use through the rate of growth and household formation, access to
basic services and infrastructure, age distribution and employment opportunities,
rural and urban environment and sustainable use and access to natural
resources. The impact of human needs versus available resources, in the
context of emerging economies, leads to increasing constraints to provide the
growing population with basic human rights; food, shelter, access to quality
social services and infrastructure.

The growth of the population per district is preferably illustrated by a series of maps
showing the increased population density. Population density is a key indicator for
economic growth, service and utility provision and risks for environmental degradation.
Please observe that areas of lakes and protected areas should be subtracted from the
total district area for better representation: (and data tables can be found in an
appendix of the IDDP) and the sector is being used for comparative analysis.

Population Density by Sector in Gasabo District 2015-2020

The projections, with data taken from the official provider ( NISR) shows, a clear trend
that Gasabo District will be pressured by increased population. By year 2020, the
south- western part of the district will have a higher population density than the north
and eastern parts.

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1.3 Mayor’s Foreword
Insert the Mayor’s ambitions and guiding principles for the preparations and the
implementation of the IDDP in English, French and Kinyarwanda. The phrasing could
go like this:
This is a new concept for district planning aligned and harmonized with the National
Land Use and Development Master Plan. Integrated District Development Planning
(IDDP) is one of the key tools for local government to manage its new developmental
role. In contrast to the relatively narrow role planning had in the past, integrated
development planning is now seen as a function of district management, as part of an
integrated system of planning and delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at
decisions on issues such as district budgets, land management, promotion of local
economic development and institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a
consultative, systematic and strategic manner. Integrated District Development Plans,
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however, will not only inform the district management; they are also supposed to
guide the activities of any agency from other spheres of government, corporate
service providers, NGOs and the private sector within the district area.
The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more
effective delivery of both district and other services to communities, and the creation of
a framework for economic and social development in the district. A number of links
also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental
outcomes.
1.4 National and District Objectives to Be
Focused on/Prioritized/Implemented during
the Planning Period 2012-2017
Vision 2020
The Vision 2020 is aspiration and determination of Rwandans, to construct a
united, democratic and inclusive Rwandan identity, after so many years of
authoritarian and exclusivist dispensation. We aim, through this Vision, to
transform our country into middle - income nation in. which Rwandans are
healthier, educated and generally more prosperous. The Rwanda we seek is one
that is united and competitive both regionally and locally
To achieve this, the Vision 2020 identifies six interwoven pillars, including good
governance and efficient State, skilled human capital, vibrant private sector,
world-class physical infrastructure and modern agriculture and livestock, all
geared towards national, regional and global markets.
This Vision is a result of a national consultative process conducted between 1997 and
2000. These discussions and debates involved Rwandans from all walks of life,
including leadership of all levels in the business community, government, academia
and civil society. Please refer to Appendix 1 for the entire Vision 2020.
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Economic Development for Poverty Reduction
Strategy (EDPRS)
Rwanda’s Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) is
both a document and a process. As a document, the EDPRS sets out the
country’s objectives, priorities and major policies for the next five years (2008-
2012). It provides a road map to government, development partners, the private
sector and civil society which indicates where Rwanda wants to go, what it
needs to do to get there, how it is going to do it, what the journey is going to cost
and how it will be financed. The strategy provides a medium-term framework for
achieving the country’s long term development aspirations as embodied in Rwanda
Vision 2020, the seven year Government of Rwanda (GoR) programme, and the
Millennium Development Goals.
It is in this regard therefore that District programmes and projects should be mirrored
into and aligned with the national visions and strategies. Please refer to Appendix 2 for
the entire document.
The NICI – 2010 Plan
As a key aspect of its ICT Policy and Strategy for developing the Rwandan information
society and economy, the Government Of Rwanda (GOR) is committed to putting in
place and implementing four 5 year National Information and Communications
Infrastructure (NICI) Plans, (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th NICI) over the 20 year time span of
the Vision 2020 socio-economic development programme. The goals of the NICI-
PLAN are:
To Support the development of an economic base and environment for accelerated
growth and development towards transforming Rwanda into an information-rich
knowledge-based society and economy;
To support the strengthening of the economic base and improving the economic
environment to accelerate development and growth towards achieving an information-
rich knowledge-based society and economy;
To facilitate the process of sustaining economic development and growth towards
improving national prosperity and global competitiveness;
To consolidate the process towards achieving a middle-income status and an
information-rich knowledge-based society and economy. Please refer to Appendix 4
for the entire document.
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District Profile
District profiling is an attempt to present a comprehensive picture of a district’s
development potentials. The assessment is based on an exercise undertaken by
about 50 stakeholders from authorities and donors with extensive knowledge about
the conditions in Rwanda. (See the PLAN Part II, Chapter 13: ‘Consultation’). The
idea is that the information can guide both public and private investments utilizing this
nature driven and man made capacity for a specific District.. The map below indicates
that the more intense graphic resolution the more potential are found in the District.
Please observe that this is a first attempt that hopefully can trigger collaboration
between ministerial and departmental stakeholders. For example, the map on page
16, indicates that there is a shared opinion that Kayonza District has potentials as
regards to agriculture.
In terms of accessibility, Rwanda is a small country as regards to the land area. From
most District Centres to Kigali it is not more than 3 hours drive to Kigali City. The ICT
sector is busy rolling out a fiber optic network around the country which will make for
example e-office a real opportunity in the near future. With a determined and focused
approach to improve (national) road system in combination with improved regional
public transport, the District Centres will have comfortable access to the Kigali City.
Below is an example, from Gasabo DDP. Gasabo District is one of the 3 Districts of
Kigali City which constitutes one of the thirty (30) local entities formed after the
February 2006 administrative reform. With fifteen (15) Sectors, 73 Cells and 501
Villages (Imidugudu), it came into existence as a result of the fusion of ancient District
of Gasabo, Kacyiru, Gisozi, Kabuga . it is composed of 10 Sectors of Cyuga, Jabana,
Kabuye and Ngiryi, . It is situated in the North East of Kigali City, the capital of
Rwanda. It is delimited in the South by Kicukiro District; in the North by the Districts of
Rulindo and Gicumbi; to the East, by the District of Rwamagana and to the West by
the District of Nyarugenge. It has a surface area of 428 km² and is currently inhabited
by 467678 people. From this configuration, the District has a dual nature of rural and
urban zones. The rural zone represents over 90% of the surface of the District with
66% of the entire population which sometimes negatively impacts on the pace of
urbanisation and development of the District.
In comparison with Nyarugenge district, Gasabo has a more rural profile for instance,
about 9.6 percent of built up area with a density of 1093 persons per km2 compared
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to 13.3 percent of built up area and a density of 2582 km2 for Nyarugenge, it has high In the example on the next page the development potentials for kayonza district is
potential for agriculture unlike Nyarugenge. found (taken as an extract from the Plan). The potentials in a national comparison if
DISTRICT applicable in the IDDP it is possible to detail the potential per sector. For example
DISTRICT
URBANIZATION tourism would be more apparent in Mwiri and Murundi sectors.
Estimated Population
ANALYSIS 2010 Built-Up Area
Density
Land (Pop/ % of total
# Unique ID DISTRICT NAME (sqKm)* No sqKm) sqKm Land
1 0507 BUGESERA 1 222 318543 261 13,54 1,1
2 0404 BURERA 566 383003 677 2,46 0,4
3 0402 GAKENKE 703 384536 547 0,91 0,1
4 0102 GASABO 428 467678 1093 41,13 9,6
5 0503 GATSIBO 1 277 338461 265 41,13 3,2
6 0405 GICUMBI 827 429520 519 41,13 5,0
7 0202 GISAGARA 679 309778 456 2,42 0,4
8 0204 HUYE 582 312049 537 10,90 1,9
9 0208 KAMONYI 656 333074 508 1,62 0,2
10 0301 KARONGI 785 250420 319 3,27 0,4
11 0504 KAYONZA 1 365 303237 222 16,79 1,2
12 0103 KICUKIRO 167 273997 1644 30,50 18,3
13 0505 KIREHE 1 155 342955 297 23,57 2,0
14 0207 MUHANGA 648 316956 489 5,16 0,8
15 0403 MUSANZE 404 366667 907 10,61 2,6
16 0506 NGOMA 813 280732 345 9,30 1,1
17 0305 NGORORERO 618 337020 546 1,85 0,3
18 0304 NYABIHU 395 320444 812 3,73 0,9
19 0502 NYAGATARE 1 753 304608 174 15,20 0,9
20 0205 NYAMAGABE 1 090 334343 307 3,03 0,3
21 0307 NYAMASHEKE 733 388105 529 1,22 0,2
22 0201 NYANZA 672 268911 400 3,65 0,5
23 0101 NYARUGENGE 134 345802 2582 17,77 13,3
24 0203 NYARUGURU 792 279635 353 0,94 0,1
25 0303 RUBAVU 179 349443 1951 11,26 6,3
26 0206 RUHANGO 627 293537 468 2,96 0,5
27 0401 RULINDO 567 300025 529 0,75 0,1
28 0306 RUSIZI 560 396366 708 1,79 0,3
29 0302 RUTSIRO 520 315660 607 0,97 0,2
30 0501 RWAMAGANA 655 263291 402 4,81 0,7
TOTAL:
21 571 9 908 796 324,38
AVERAGE 648 10,81 2,4
AVERAGE EXCLUDING KIGALI CITY 563 8,70 1,2

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Performance indicators can be developed in line with national visions and targets to national priorities. The table below illustrates some of the key indicators and
assess the implementation of IDDP based on the existing situation according to the assessment tools that can be used in a pilot district context.

Some Performance Indicators and Assessment Tools for Kayonza District

Indicators Situation Situation Vision 2020 Observation

whole Situation 2012 2017
Country 2010
Population Projections 10,356,000 11,074,000 12,436,000 13,266,000

% Share of population living in extreme poverty 60 40 30

% of total population living in imudugudu 30 50 70

Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) 107 80 50

% of households having access to clean drinking water 80 90 100

HIV prevalence (% of adults aged 15-24) 3 2.5 1.5

% of pupils sitting national exams in primary year 6 75 100 100

Pupil/teacher ratio in primary schools 65 45 35

% of total population living in urban areas 30 35 50

Degree of Informal settlement …… 70 50 30

ADD MORE..

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1.5 Sector Needs Assessment

A. Education, Youth, Sport and Culture
Development of human capital and offering equal opportunities in education will
be crucial to the district in order to support economic reforms. The education
sector thus is a key instrument for preventing structural unemployment and
social inequality.
The main vision for Rwanda is to offer its inhabitants a long term qualitative
educational system. By 2020 Rwanda will have a modern and attractive educational
system offering lifelong learning and providing the skills required for pushing the
economy forward. Education supply needs to address technological changes and
should support the goal of implementing an Information Society, The educational
system will also be able to guarantee every citizen excellent and responsive curricula,
high-quality teaching and a first-rate labor market connection.
Table 1: Indicators of quality education in primary schools.
In order to achieve these goals, it is imperative to set guidelines for the educational
sector which create connections with the labor market and society’s future needs.
According to the Rwandan constitution, education is a principal right for all citizens and
offered for free. Education is compulsory until the end of basic education, i.e. nine
years, and those continuing to higher education are free to select any field of study.
The fact that the state has assumed the responsibility to provide education for all for
free and also offers a high degree of individual freedom constitutes an important basis
for individual development.
The implementation of the Nine Year Basic Education program demands for
increased numbers of trained teachers, more learning materials and more
classrooms. The challenge is to develop effective implementation strategies, improved
quality, expanded capacity and managed growth (ESSP 2006 – 2010).

Category 2005 2006 2007 2008 Standard

No. of teachers 26,944 28,474 29,059 33158
% of qualified teachers 94% 98% 98% 91% 100
Pupil/ teacher ratio 69 71 74 66 46
Pupil/ teacher qualified
ratio 74 73 75 73
Pupil /classroom ratio 62 66 70 71 46

Source: NISR 20091

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Km distance between existing secondary schools. The figure above illustrates

The two Maps from Kayonza District below with catchment radius of the analyses that can be made at District planning using GIS
education facilities are examples of land use implications on service provision
from a sector. One showing 2 Km proposed maximum walking distance
between a primary schools and a student’s home, and another one showing 3

Distribution of Primary Schools in Kayonza District 2010

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Distribution of Secondary School in Kayonza District 2010

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The table below indicates the main characteristics of schools in Kayonza District.

Level of
school:
preparatory; Type of Site
Unique elementary; school; ownership: Number Number
ID for secondary; public; titled; of of Number of
school Name of school Sector Cell tertiary private; untitled Students Teachers classrooms
SCH_ID SCH_NM SECT NM CELL_NM SCH_LEV SCH_TP OWNER NO NO NO

001 GAHINI Gahini Rugarama Elementary Public Untitled 1043 25 13

002 GS GAHINI Gahini Rugarama Secondary Private Titled 478 10 10
003 ES FAWE Gahini Gihinga Secondary Private Titled 502 11 12
004 JULU Gahini Julu Elementary Public Untitled 1303 24 20
005 RWINKUBA Gahini Bugarama Elementary Public Untitled 664 10 8
006 CYINZOVU Kabarondo Cyinzovu Elementary Public Untitled 885 20 10
007 ES KABARONDO Kabarondo Rurama Secondary Public Titled 799 11 14
008 IDBK Kabarondo Kabarondo Secondary Private Titled 672 16 10
009 RUTARE Mukarange Rugendabari Elementary Public Untitled 835 16 15
010 MUKARANGE PROTESTANT Mukarange Nyagatovu Elementary Private Titled 592 10 10
011 MUKARANGE CATHOLIQUE Mukarange Nyagatovu Elementary Private Titled 1021 17 20
012 ES CYARUBARE Murama Bunyetongo Secondary Public Untitled 295 6 6
013 BUHABWA Murundi Buhabwa Elementary Public Titled 1030 25 12
014 RYAMANYONI Murundi Ryamanyoni Elementary Public Untitled 1487 23 19
015 ESW KARAMBI Murundi Karambi Secondary Private Titled 640 12 11
016 NYAWERA Mwiri Nyawera Elementary Public Untitled 835 13 12
017 NDEGO II Ndego Karambi Elementary Public Untitled 793 18 10
018 ES NYAMIRAMA Nyamirama Murambi Secondary Public Untitled 362 6 7
019 RWINKWAVU Rwinkwavu Mbarara Elementary Public Untitled 1096 16 18
020 NKONDO I Rwinkwavu Nkondo Elementary Public Untitled 849 12 10

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Physical
Condition:
Fair; ICT
Poor; Electricity: Water Laboratory: Library: Name of Telephone:
Critical. Yes; No pipeline Yes; No Yes; No headmaster Yes; No Photo

COND ELC WT LAB LIB NM TEL PHO

Fair No Yes No No John 577054

Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Joseph 573086
Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Mary 578732
Fair No No No No jules 579468
Fair No Yes No No Bosco 573495
Poor No No No No Peter 578943
Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Tom 578210
Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Ange 573041
Poor No No No No Mary 574238
Fair No Yes No No Marcel 578193
Fair No Yes No No Joseph 586497
Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Faustin 5789412
Fair No Yes No No Paul 576032
Poor No Yes No No Jeanne 572901
Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes JMV 586794
Critical No No No No Viviane 576828
Fair No Yes No No Vianney 507843
Fair No Yes No Yes Rose 578213
Fair No No No No Omar 574896
Critical No No No No Bagabo 576498

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The overall condition is defined based on the criteria in the table below:

PHYSICAL
COND ELECTRICITY WATER INTERNET
Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes
Poor Poor No Yes No
Critical Critical No No No

For example, in a case where there is no electricity, water and internet, then the
physical condition of the school is regarded as critical, but if it has electricity, water and
internet then, the physical conditions are fair and planning actions can be taken
accordingly.

The map below summarises the condition of schools in Kayonza District based on the
criteria above.

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B. Health, Gender, Family Promotion and Child’s Protection

The health care sector includes health care facilities, accessibility to treatment and the
supply of medical personnel. However, good human health condition is more than
absence of illness and infirmity, implying that the discussion on health issues needs to
consider other aspects than the supply of health care alone. For instance some of
other factors to be considered are; availability and access to health care units/ centres,
affordability and quality of services offered are paramount issues to be considered in
planning for better health services.
LANDUSE IMPLICATION AT DISTRICT LEVEL
Maximum walking distance between medical centers: maximum walking distance
set by Ministry of Health is five (5) kilometers, which should not take more than
one hour.
health insurances to the general public, it is evident that 1/1000 inhabitant
standard bed number is too small. This is due to the fact that, since almost 95%
in Rwanda have health insurance, people find it cheap to go for health services.
Basing on the factors above, 5 beds per 1000 inhabitant is proposed to ensure
quality service provision
Example in a District Development Plan
The development Map below shows a catchment radius of 5 Km average
walking distance set by Ministry of Health to health facilities which is relatively
good in the most populated areas, however, the eastern part of the district is
poorly supplied with health services. Consequently, priorities for future allocation
should be the eastern part of the district.

According to health survey conducted by Ministry of Health, it was found out that
65% of Rwanda’s population has access to health facilities within the limits of the
set standards. However, 35% still lack health facilities within their proximity as
per the standard maximum walking distance. in reality one say that 5km
between health facilities is sufficient considering factors like; the number of
qualified health workers need for each health facility, the need for equipments,
and the economy of Rwanda in general.

Number of beds per 1000 inhabitants: The standard number of beds in

Rwanda for any admitting
Vision 2020 health indicators and projections
health facility is 1/1000
Malaria-related
mortality (%)
inhabitants. This number
HIV/AIDS
is too small to
accommodate the actual
In d ic a to r

prevalence rate (%)

Population growth population demand for

rate (%)
health facilities.
Child malnutrition
(Insufficiency in %) Considering other factors
Literacy level
like; the efforts the
government of Rwanda
0 20 40 60 80 100 has invested in providing
Percentage
Baseline 2000 Target 2010 Target 2020 International level
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The table below is an example on how data can be collected to illustrate the main characteristics of health facilities in Kayonza District:

Type of
health
facility:
District
hospitaL
(DH); Physical
Health Conditions
Unique Centre of the
ID for Name of (HC); Ownership of Water : Internet Facility: Name of
health health Name of Dispensary health facility: Electricity: Yes; Connection: Incinerator: Fair; Poor; Medical Telephone:
facility facility Sector Name of Cell (D) public; private Yes; No No Yes; No Yes; No Critical Health Officer Yes;No Photo
ID NM SCT_NM CELL_NM HEAL_TP HEAL_OWN ELT WPIP INT INC CON HEAL_ADM HEAL_TEL PHO
001 Mukarange Mukarange Kayonza HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Kazungu 747473
002 Gahini Gahini Kahi DH Private Yes Yes Yes Yes Fair Kamana 747474
003 Rutare Mukarange Rugendabare HC Public Yes no No Yes Fair Mpyisi 747475
004 Kabarondo Kabarondo Rusera HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Mahama 747476
005 Ruramira Ruramira Umubuga HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Robert 747477
006 Nyakabungo Mwiri Migera HC Public Yes no No Yes Poor Gakwisi 747478
007 Rwinkwavu Rwinkwavu Mukoyoyo DH Public no Yes No Yes Poor Nshuti 747479
008 Gahini Gahini Juru HC Public no no No No Poor Sharangabo 747480
009 Ndego Ndego Byimana HC Public Yes no No Yes Fair Mahire 747481
010 Cyarubare Kabare Rubimba HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Bienvenu 747482
011 Rwinkwavu Rwinkwavu Mbarara HC Public Yes Yes Yes Yes Fair Manzi 747483
012 Karama Murama Murama HC Public Yes Yes No No Critical Gaga 747484
013 Ryamanyoni Murundi Karambi HC Public no Yes No Yes Poor Bora 747485
014 Rukara Rukara Rwimishinya HC Public Yes Yes No Yes Fair Sehene 747486

A simplified presentation of the conditions of existing health care units can be made in the same way as for the education services, scoring electricity, water, incinerators, physical
conditions…….

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Distribution of Health Facilities in Kayonza District 2010

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Fair conditions = scoring 4 yes

Poor conditions = scoring 3 yes

Critical conditions = scoring 1 yes

It is clear that a high-quality national health status is relying on good governance of
health care and on the shaping of a healthy, safe and secure environment for all
citizens. The health care sector needs well-designed strategies to facilitate the
establishment of a professional, healthy and capable workforce.
¾ A site within what has been defined for urban development of District
Centres is recommended to have priority over adjacent location.
¾ The centre must have at least one substantial value-added
manufacturing enterprise or large scale distribution depot within its
boundary which "exports" goods or services to its hinterland.

C. Economic Development and Job Promotion It should be observed that the priorities at the moment are just a result of a desk
top GIS analysis. As in many similar proposals found in the Plan’s, the proposed
Today there are about 450 trading centers, markets and combined trade centres
Market Centres should be scrutinized by the District authorities and result in
with markets, see for example a mapped representation in Part II Chapter 6:
adoption in the IDDP. Likewise, a study area for development around the
‘’Economy and Labour Market’’ . However, proper attribute information about the
location should be earmarked in the IDDP and no major land use change that is
trading capacity and access to technical infrastructure is nowhere to found. The
in conflict with the national interest will be allowed. An Action Area Plan shall be
Plan proposes that some of these should play a more active roles in the future to
prepared and approved by District Council before implementation.
connect trade of rural products locally, in a regional and national contexts and
even to some extent for the international market. Below is a schematic sketch of the design and components of a Market Centre.
Consequently, about 300 sites with existing market and trade centre – ‘(Rural)
Market Centres’ – has been identified and is found on the Plan’s Directives
Map’.

The selection criteria are as follows:

¾ The centre must be located in close proximity to a main
(national/district?) road; at least 10 Km away from a centre of similar
function.

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Distribution of Trading Centres in Kayonza District.

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The table below indicates the main characteristics of Trading Centres in Kayonza District

Type of the
Unique trading
ID for centre: with Waste Parking
the Name of a market; Physical Number Annual management: arrangement:
trading the trading market condition: of revenue fair; poor; fair; poor; Photo of the
centre centre only. fair;poor;critical vendors fees (Rwf) critical critical trading centre
TC_ID TC_NM TC_TP TC_COND NO FRW WST_MGT PKG_ARGT TC_PHO
with a
1 Kabarondo market Fair 2000 25,000,000 Fair Fair
with a
2 Mukarange market Fair 3450 50,000,000 Fair Fair
with a
3 Rukara market Poor 2453 15,000,000 Poor Poor
with a
4 Murama market Fair 1564 13,000,000 Poor Poor
with a
5 Murundi market Critical 756 10,000,000 Critical Critical

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AGRICULTURE
Looking at overall poverty-reduction effects, based on the 6% annual growth in
agricultural and non –agricultural sectors, agricultural growth is more important at both
the national and household levels. While agriculture contributes 50% of total GDP
growth, it also contributes over 60% of the reduction in national poverty rate.
According to the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, many of the
soils have been degraded due to high rainfall, uneven relief conducive to erosion
and over farming. More than half of the soils in Rwanda are, thus, unsuitable for
intensive cropping. Best soils for agricultural purposes are found in parts of the
Central Plateau, the Volcanic Region, Bugarama and part of the Mutara region.
Consequently the Binding Directives Map identifies these areas of national
interest for agriculture development; see Textbook Chapter 2 “Binding
Directives”.
In spite of the degradation of soils, the agro-processing industry in Rwanda has
a potential to meet both local needs and expand Rwanda’s export sector. There
are mainly four strategic opportunities, which are cross cutting and can support
the development of agriculture sector, here is an overview:
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The strategy for the development of this sector must emphasize techniques combining
development of urban and intensive farming in rural areas to counter the decrease in
cultivatable land which is rapidly being converted into urban housing estates.
Priority crops include cassava, beans, sorghum and bananas. In small swamps,
the population grow legumes, like cabbages, onions, tomatoes, eggplants etc.
The promotion of modern farming has not yet taken root in all Sectors, except
radical
In the urban areas there are small agricultural activities like growing of legumes
on individual basis in marshlands of the District. Nevertheless, there are certain
swamps which, if transformed into agriculture use can be used intensive
agriculture. The farmers shall be mobilised to grow crops suitable for existing
markets.
The Map below exemplifies best agricultural zones in Kayonza District:
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D. Administration and Good Governance Multi

Name of purpose
• Good Governance should promote nodal development Unique ID for Name of official in Lot area Building area hall: Yes;
and decentralization to offset the impacts of migration to administrative unit administrative unit charge (Sq.M) (Sq.M) No
major urban centers and to create a broader distribution ADM_ID ADM_NM ADM_OFF L_AREA BLG_AREA MLTP_HL
of employment and development alternatives. Physical
condition: Internet
• Create livable communities that thrive with a sense of critical; Electricity: Water: connection: Building
belonging, safety and security for all citizens. Center the poor; fair Yes; No Yes; No Yes; No Photo
residential neighborhoods around schools and other CON ELT WT INT PHO
necessary public services.
The overall condition is defined based on the criteria in the table below:
• Optimize mixed-use neighborhood, community centers to
encourage easy pedestrian access to services and jobs. PHYSICAL
Realize the goals through combined and integrated effort CONDITION ELECTRICITY WATER INTERNET
of the public, the private sector, and the local community Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes
working together Poor Poor No Yes No
Local Communities can and must play a leading role in development, especially in Critical Critical No No No
reducing poverty and in promoting participatory process.
This Sector faces various challenges linked to lack of adequate administrative For example, in a case where there is no electricity, water and internet, then the
infrastructure. The Sector offices require urgent rehabilitation. Only seven Sectors out physical condition of the administrative office is regarded as critical, but if it has
of fifteen can function without financial assistance from Gasabo District, which is a electricity, water and internet then, the physical conditions are fair and planning
major handicap to their autonomy. A total of eleven Sectors don’t possess an actions can be taken accordingly.
electronic system of writing civil status information and therefore do it manually. The
overall conditions are a big number of vulnerable persons who require assistance
keep growing at a time when the District and Sectors cannot cope with the high
demand. A big number of suspected genocidaires still weigh heavily on the conscious
and social tissue of the District. The principles of good governance and democracy,
transparency, dialogue and «accountability » have not yet been assimilated

The Map below shows administrative offices and their conditions base on the
indicators shown in the table below.

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.
E. Infrastructure, Water, Land, Housing and Urban
Development
Integrated urban planning process. Urban development as a results from any
urbanization process is neither limited to physical infrastructure nor to housing estates.
It also hinges on economic, political, social and institutional factors. Urban
development requires to avail - also at local level - suitable planning and regulatory
tools, to build capacity and to mobilize both for public and private sector involvement
the required financial means and resources to plan and to improve urban and rural
settlements - this towards improving people’s living conditions including those of the
less advantaged majority. It is also indicated that directed, planned and controlled
urbanization should be considered as an opportunity and a driving force for
development - each town is to be given a specific objective, e.g. tourism, industry and
culture), and its architectural designs will take such objectives into account.
Imidugudu Development
In the framework of preserving land for optimal use, Rwandan Government has
been implementing the policy of clustered habitat (Imidugudu). In the urban as
well as rural areas, all new constructions are being compulsorily clustered on a
plot located in a specific area allocated for this purpose. Even constructions to
be rehabilitated are compulsorily transferred to the area mentioned above.
Accordingly, it is foreseen that future, dwelling constructions will be totally
located off most arable land.
In the same vein, no construction is allowed in swampy areas. Several
marshlands, however, are being prepared and others are used for producing
food crops such as cereals, vegetables and flowers.
The development of a sustainable human settlement policy in Rwanda aimed at
Umudugudu-oriented planning based on a participatory approach and an urban
planning requiring land security and area allocations. The same planning took into
consideration the complementarity between urban and rural development. Moreover,
it should ensure to all Rwandans decent housings as well as more salubrious, viable,
equitable, sustainable and productive human facilities. The projected policy is likely to
A systematic Imidugudu Rural Settlement guidelines are currently being prepared, see Appendix 4 of the National Land Use and Development Master Plan.
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reduce the existing gap in accessing infrastructure and social services; to involve and
make local authorities and the community more aware of their responsibilities with
regard to the development and management of the settlement by means of
endogenous building technologies and production of cheap, sufficient and decent local
materials. Besides, the policy shall be a platform to put in place sound mechanisms for
mobilizing internal and external resources needed for a long-term funding of affordable
settlements. The policy shall be endowed with an institutional framework, adapted and
flexible legal and regulatory instruments that meet the great demand and technical
requirements of rational planning. (Updated National Human Settlement Policy 2009)
Umudugudu is defined as a mode of planned settlement made of between 100 and
200 houses by site in rural areas. Measurements of plot reserved for « Umudugudu »
range from 10 to 20 hectares with a possibility or capacity of extension and as far as
possible a space provided for various non-agricultural activities so as to allow the
population to earn their lives. The combination of all these elements constitutes the
Umudugudu
An Action Area Plan should be prepared for the proposed imidugudu sites following
the guidelines in the plan. (See Appendix 4).
Consolidation of villages and rural centres aims at providing facilities and other
supporting infrastructure in these sites. The objective of this programme is to bring all
the sites in Umidugudu to an acceptable level in terms of access to social and
economic services. Lack of access to clean water has been cited as the main
complaint against most of the first imidugudu established in the past. Priority must
therefore be given to water supply in the villages and existing rural centres. Water
supply networks established in the framework of scattered settlement system must be
readapted to this new fact.
Besides water, villages should be provided with energy sources such as (biogas, solar
energy, Aeolian, micro-stations) and connected to the national power network, where
possible. Research must be carried out on renewable energy such as solar and wind
energy so as to improve the housing and work conditions in villages.
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The map below shows the distribution of Imidugudu site in Kayonza district

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Umujyi Implementation a cross-cutting process that seeks to co-ordinate and align all dimensions and sectors
Sustainable District Centre Development engaged in development by formulating integrated development strategies that are
socially, economically and environmentally sustainable.
Integrated District Development Planning (IDDP) is one of the key tools for local
government to manage its new developmental role. In contrast to the relatively narrow
Integrated development planning is intended to lay a new foundation for community-
role planning had in the past, integrated development planning is now seen as a
building, through inclusively creating a shared vision for the future development of the
function of district management, as part of an integrated system of planning and
District area jurisdiction. It should focus on developing consensus around strategic
delivery. The IDDP process is meant to arrive at decisions on issues such as district
developmental priorities, ideally transcending party-political debates and fostering a
budgets, land management, promotion of local economic development and
new grasp of, and commitment to the challenges of poverty alleviation, local economic
institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative, systematic and
development and environmental sustainability.
strategic manner. Integrated Development Plans, however, will not only inform the
district management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of any agency
Integrated development planning is also a strategic framework that is intended to
from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs and the private
improve District governance through aligning the financial resources and human
sector within the district area.
capacity of the district with the implementation of strategies, programs and projects
that aim to address the prioritized needs of the more deprived, while maintaining the
The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more
existing infrastructure and economic activities in the district.
effective delivery of both district and other services to communities, and the creation of
a framework for economic and social development in the district. A number of links
It is, most fundamentally, a mechanism to achieve local government transformation.
also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental
The planning process will determine the strategies and functions that will inevitably
outcomes.
lead to changes to district structures, forms and processes, resulting in a range of
operational strategies that should ensure that the district is able to deliver effectively,
Integrated development planning should also function as a catalyst for wealth creation
efficiently and economically on the development priorities, objectives, strategies,
and distribution. It is intended to assist in the promotion of socio-economic
programs and projects identified in the planning process. However, this will be an
development through providing a more predictable framework within which
incremental process.
governmental, private or foreign investments will more easily be attracted. It will also
facilitate the creation of a more investor –friendly environment and the promotion of
Integrated development planning is a vehicle to expedite delivery. The consultative
local economic development.
process is intended to ensure a well-informed, fast-track decision-making process that
addresses areas of conflict as they arise at grass-roots level, and broadens the sense
Integrated development planning is a means of improving the quality of people’s lives
of ownership of the outcome.
through the implementation of integrated and sustainable programs and projects. It is
Informal Settlement Upgrading intervening in a particular settlement. In general, in an informal settlement, the internal
Informal settlements are complex, dynamic social systems that, in many cases, social and political dynamics tend to be characterized by both solidarity and schism.
experience continual change. In occupying land informally, residents are often While solidarity may prevail in dealings with the external agents, schisms occur within
prepared to flout the law in the hope of improving their lives. Accordingly, there are a community groupings in the implementation of deals made with the authorities and in
few general characteristics that an external agent should be aware of prior to the day-to-day operation of a settlement. The quality of leadership and the power
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wielded by community leaders is an important factor in upgrading projects. In many
cases, it is naïve to think that a project can be set up that will “solve the problem” on
time and within a defined budget. While recognizing that such situations can at best be
alleviated rather than solved, both social and spatial information are critical in
assessing a situation and initiating appropriate strategies for improvement.
The legal integrity of a system of enforceable agreements requires that official land
tenure records be held to be legitimate by all parties concerned. Otherwise, the
record, and indeed the system, has little value as a land administration resource. One
way of cultivating such legitimacy is to make the processes of data acquisition and
information management participatory and transparent. To further enhance the
legitimacy of the information, it is also important that community members are able to
understand it
General Description
Models for the development of registered land rights in urban areas will differ
according to the actual situation in the area. In principle the following alternative
situations can be identified:
¾ Iimprovement of the registered land rights in areas where formal
rights to land already exist;
¾ Introduction of a registered land rights for new development
areas;
¾ Introduction of a registered land rights in areas with informal rights
to land ;
¾ Informal rights recognized by legislation;
¾ Informal rights based on traditional tenure;
¾ Informal rights are illegal.
The differences between the areas mainly concern the legal situation regarding land
tenure. These differences will not be further analyzed here. Instead a model is
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proposed, which focuses on the more technical parts of cadastral activities. Before
application of the model, the legal situation regarding land tenure must be clarified and
the model adapted to the legal situation.
Upgrading of an informal area will include an element of resettlement of individual
families living in the area. If resettlement is necessary, new areas for housing need to
be identified and people need to be motivated to move. These processes, which form
part of many upgrading projects, are not further analyzed here.
In upgrading projects, the question of registration of land rights ought to be tackled first
before water, road or any other infrastructure is being upgraded. The improvements
will increase the value of the area as a whole and of each specific property in the area.
With increased estate values there is a great risk that disputes concerning ownership
of buildings and boundaries will arise. If the inhabitants of the settlement get security
of tenure, it is more likely that they will participate fully in the upgrading, as they feel
safe that they can stay on their plots. The sense of security will also increase the
desire to improve their own buildings and the environment.
Properly registered tenure in a settlement makes it possible to charge rates from the
owners, which can be used to cover the cost of maintenance of the water system and
other investments in infrastructure. Without such registration it is difficult to control the
growth of the settlement. Improvements will attract more people to settle which might
make problems worse if the informal tenure is not registered.
.
Comprehensive Inventory
It would be an advantage if a comprehensive inventory should be performed. It is
obvious that such compilation is not found today,. The end result should be a
presentation of existing urban areas within the district centres with a high proportion of
informal settlements with a low degree of tenure security. To be able to make
priorities, a special matrix for notational topology of urban categories, degree of
security and associated property rights (or other relevant systematic classification)
should be conducted the municipal planning offices and the units for Settlement.
Further, other stakeholders such as NGOs involved in community development
should be invited to provide information. At this initial stage it will be a desktop
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exercise using secondary source information and without involving the dwellers in the At the same time it is recommended to map ‘vacant’ land which tentatively might
areas. suitable (and available) for new residential areas for low-income groups.

The table below illustrates the conditions of the Informal Settlement

Unique Basic Service: Environmental

ID for Names of Name of Name of NO of Tenure electricity,water;school,health Con:
Info-Settl Info-Settl Sector Cell Households Category center,roads Yes; No fair,poor,critical Photo

ID NM SCT_NM CELL_NM HH_NO TENURE SER_TP CON PHOT

1 cyimicanga cyimihurura muhoza 200 customary ELT, WT poor
2 gitega gitega cyahafi 250 customry ELT,WT,HC poor

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Transportation;
A core emphasis is necessarily on roads; high quality roads replacing the existing
roads and with new or upgraded roads connecting settlements. Roads and road right-
of-ways are the most important element of the transport system, and their safety is a
prime characteristic. So far the Plan preparation has not come across a set of Nation
The table below illustrates the condition of roads in Rubavu District
Road Standards that should be applied for new roads and upgrading of roads. It is
there recommended for national sector planning as well for District and Urban
Development Plan that standards for the road system are agreed on and applied in
the future

Unique Road Road Road Road type; Physical

ID for the Name class; length(km) Tarred; condition of
road National; Untarred the road; Fair;
District; Poor; Critical
Sector

ID RD_NM RD_CLS RD_LNG RD_TYP PHY_CON

DR 1 Rubavu- 60 Tarred Fair

Musanze

DR 2 Gisenyi- 3 Tarred Poor

Goma

DR 3 Rubavu- 40 Untarred Critical

Karongi

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Energy;
Inadequate and expensive electricity supply constitutes a limiting factor to
development. Diesel generators used to produce electricity were hired by the
government to compensate power shortage resulting in the degradation of
wetlands (Rugezi) and were run at 65000 USD a day for fuel. In addition,
imported petroleum products consume more than 40% of foreign exchange.
Furthermore, wood is the source of energy for the big majority of the population,
which leads to massive deforestation and soil destruction.
Therefore, Rwanda will have to increase energy production and diversify into
alternative energy sources.
To achieve this, Rwanda has considerable hydroelectric potential, in addition to
large deposits of renewable methane gas in Lake Kivu, estimated at 60 billion
cubic metres. Proposals have been received by MININFRA for a gas (methane)
to liquid fuel project. In rural areas direct solar energy or photovoltaic energy can
be used, whilst up to 1/3 of 155 million tons of peat deposit is currently
exploitable.
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The district has objectives during 2012-2017 of ; increasing access to electricity
for enterprises and households, and ensuring security of power supply. The
targets for 2017 are to increase number of electricity connected households and
enterprises from 70,000 to 200,000 for the former and from 45 MW to 50 MW for
the latter.
In 2020, the target is that the percentage of Wood energy in the national energy
consumption will decrease from 94% in 2000 to 50% in 2020 (In 2009, the
current consumption of wood is estimated to be 80.4 %.). Per capita
consumption of electricity is expected to grow from 30kWh to 100kWh in 2020
and also Rwanda projects that by 2020, at least 35 % of the population will be
connected to electricity (up from 2% in 2000 and currently estimated at 9% (in
2009).
Rwanda has considerable hydroelectric potential, in addition to large deposits of
renewable methane gas in Lake Kivu, estimated at 60 billion cubic metres. In
rural areas direct solar energy or photovoltaic energy can be used, whilst up to
1/3 of 155 million tons of peat deposit is currently exploitable.
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The Map below shows the distribution of Power lines and Transformers in Gasabo District. It also presents proposed power lines to be built during the planning period based on
RECO”s Sector Development Program.

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An energy system optimization model was run to present different power supply
scenarios that are economically and environmentally optimal for Rwanda in the year
2020. As a result, annual fuel consumption, annual electricity supply, electrical power
generation and annual heat supply are presented.

The scenarios which are analyzed with this model are the Low Growth and the High
Growth Scenarios. Total current electricity capacities are calculated to approximately
85.3 MW. In 2020 the calculated total required electricity capacities for the Low
Growth and High Growth Scenarios are 170 MW and 438 MW respectively, which
means that current electricity capacity needs to be doubled and tripled respectively to
meet the forecasted electricity needs in the Low Growth and High Growth Scenarios
in the year 2020.

Waste Management
Solid waste
Estimates from 2006 put the amount of municipal solid waste generated in Kigali at
0.6kg, / person / day. If this figure is extrapolated across all urban centers, the annual
generation of municipal waste is approximately 940 Tones/day2. Around 75% of all
household waste in Kigali is organic3. No data exists for waste generation, collection or
handling outside Kigali. It is assumed that in rural areas, organic waste makes up a
larger proportion of the waste stream.
All solid waste is disposed of without adequate treatment or site preparation. Few
urban centers have any for m of centralized collection. In Kigali, around 40% of all
municipal waste is collected. Only one landfill (Nyanza) exists. This has not been
designed to prevent environmental contamination and causes a number of problems
including dispersal of leachates, emission of methane gas and frequent burning of
waste4.

Figure 1: The land-fill at Nyanza collects around 100 tons of waste per day Plans exist for the site to be shutdown by 2013 and a new waste dump built. The new
site will apply a modern semi-aerobic landfill technique with the ability to harvest
methane. The proposed site and progress of this project is unknown.

Toxic waste
Little is known about the location or extent of toxic waste. Sites of concern include the
Nyanza landfill, the major hospitals, coffee processing and manufacturing sites, and
fertilizer and pesticide handling stations. See Figure below for a display of known risk
2 In reality per capita waste generation at most urban centres is likely to be lower than Kigali. The
areas.
main issue is not the exact figure but the order of magnitude of waste generation and the threat
from poor waste management and rising material consumption.

3 http://www.ard-rwanda.org.rw/solidwaste.htm 4 REMA (2009)

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Waste Water substrate and depth to groundwater. Landfills require a minimum buffer of 500m and
Almost all wastewater generated in Municipalities is untreated. Most households rely should ideally be positioned further from cultivated and highly populated areas.
on pit latrines or septic tanks for human wastes. When septic tanks fill, they are either
emptied manually nearby or transported by truck to unprepared and unmanaged F. Human Resource Development and Supporting
dumpsites. In many cases, wastewater collection systems empty into nearby drains. Services
Some small sewerage networks exist but data on the age, distribution and
The major challenges in this Sector are linked to lack of experienced human
effectiveness of these is not available. The limited testing that has been conducted
resources which impacts negatively on the will of the District to deliver rapid, quality
shows water bodies are increasingly polluted by human and animal wastes. This
and less expensive services. The financial potential of the District has not yet been
poses a human health risk and threatens aquatic ecosystems.
exploited and it is believed the number of taxpayers and their capacity to pay taxes
Problems from wastewater are exacerbated by the fact that many of the poorer
has been under estimated. Similarly both the human resource and the District financial
Districts and unplanned urban areas occur close to water bodies and low-lying
system requires capacity building.
cropping areas. People in these settlements have no ability to build sewers, so
contamination of both surface and groundwater is common.
1.6 Risk and Suitability Analysis
District Planning Implications
Compared to the existing DDPs this is a new chapter that is being introduced in the
All District Centers should allocate land to the collection, storage and treatment of
integrated district development planning.
waste. This would include land within built up areas specifically for the collection of
household waste. The volume of waste generated and access by collection vehicles The Risk & Suitability Analysis Information Products will focus on the limitations
should determine allocated space. Facilities such as separate bins should also be and potentials originating from nature and man made/enforced restrictions/ rules and
provided to allow easy separation of organic and recyclable material from the waste regulations. These will provide the bases for some examples for the formulation of a
stream. Areas for waste collection would be allocated at the edge of dense sustainable development plan for the district area.
settlements with limited vehicle access.

Districts should be mapped into local waste ‘catchments’ that reflect topography,
density and type of waste generated. Specific land requirements for these facilities will
depend on the population size and type of waste collected.
All larger district Centers (>50,000 people) require a landfill. Capacity should be based
on population projection of the total waste catchment – including population growth in
adjacent Districts that do not have a landfill.
Criteria for positioning landfills must include ease of vehicle access; drainage, flooding
and land slide risk; proximity to settlements and cultivated land, and the porosity of
Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a proven method for land-use
planning purposes. MCDA can be described as a process that transforms and
combines geographic data and value judgments (the decision makers’ preferences) to
obtain information for decision making. In the planning work the focus has been to
develop a nation wide GIS model, containing all land-uses accommodated in three
main land-use categories: urban, agriculture and environment.

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MCDA are often integrated in Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS). An SDSS is on slope, the Districts most vulnerable to erosion lie in the north and west of the
an application that uses analytical methods and models to define alternatives, it is able country. The map below shows the Districts of Gicumbi, Gakenke, Nyambihu, Rulindo
to analyze their impact, and interpret and select the best option for implementation. and Muhanga as having the greatest proportion of land above 13 and 25 degrees.
Three main stages in the process of land-use planning: (1) an evaluation of land
suitability for each land-use type; (2) the optimization of the different land-use areas;
(3) the spatial allocation of land-uses.

The GIS model is largely based on the Land-Use Conflict Identification Strategy
(LUCIS) model. The LUCIS model does not have a specific focus on a certain type of
land-use planning, and is therefore particularly suitable for regional and countrywide
planning. It consists of three general models, describing the suitability of urban,
agriculture, and environment components. Finally, these three land-uses are
combined to identify conflicts.. Many of the goals, objectives, and sub-objectives that
described the earlier mentioned land-use categories were adopted from the original
model. However, a significant number of them were dropped, and new were created
to suit the Rwandan situation.

According to MINAGRI around 40% of Rwanda is at high risk of erosion with an

additional 37% requiring careful maintenance. This limitation is not reflected in current
land use practices. Slopes in excess of 55 degrees are cultivated in some areas.
Studies in Rwanda note that slopes of more than 5 degrees require erosion control
while erosion increases markedly above 15 degrees, with 25 degrees considered the
steepest land that can be sustainable cultivated5. Other studies suggest slopes up to
55 degrees with deep soil may be used as a last resort if extensively terraced6. Based

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1.7 Public Consultation – Situation Analysis
• Display public hearing
• Consultation report and decisions for the next step
1.8 Proposed Land Use Development during the Planning Period 2012-2017
BINDING DIRECTIVES FOR LAND USE CHANGES OF
AREAS AND HUBS OF NATIONAL INTEREST TILL
2020
This (together with the Map presenting the Final Plan, 1:250,000) is an important,
maybe the most important, part of the Plan. The Draft Bill, see Appendix 1:
‘Proposed Legislation’, specifies the purpose in the following way (article 8):
‘ All government organs, including a district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted
administrative entity, shall be bound by the Rwanda Land Use and Development
Master Plan to adhere to its binding aspects of land use and development planning.
These aspects concern land use and development and its distribution affecting also
sector interest management, be they spatial or process orientated, or, otherwise,
where overall national interests must precede local ones.
All government organs, including the district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted
administrative entity shall be guided by the Rwanda Land Use and Development
Master Plan. Such guidance concerns land uses and sector interests management,
be they spatial or process orientated or otherwise, where overall national interests do
The Map below shows an extract of Kayonza district from the National Map of Directives for Sustainable Land Use Planning 2010-2010
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not need to precede local ones, and where the latter may be encouraged to utilize
their local natural and human resource characteristics to enhance the character of
local context land uses. ‘
The demarcated areas and hubs of National Interest on the Map presenting the Final
Plan (1:250,000) determine and designate the location and/or nature of guiding and
binding land use development 2010-2020 indicate that the specified land use has the
highest priority in the concerned areas and that other land uses have to respect that. It
also implies that the national sector (strategic) plans, (Integrated) District
Development Plans and Urban Development Plans must show in an explicit way that
they have observed the guiding and binding aspects of the Plan and the reasons
behind. Once the Plan has been approved by the parliament, the responsible
authorities must not propose, adopt or implement any land use in their plans that will
be in conflict with the areas and hubs of national interest pointed out in the Final Plan,
Land use and infrastructure development influencing or connecting to neighboring
districts should be coordinated, that is aligned and harmonized, before
adoption/approval of the (Integrated) District Development Plans respectively.
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Table 2 : Binding Directives for Land Use Changes of Areas and Hubs of National Interests till 2020

.ID MAP FEATURE DIRECTIVES. CUSTODIAN

SYMBOL Any feature missing on the Do you agree with these directives below? Responsible authority of sector land reservation
map? and sector data provider noted here.
Anybody else, anybody more?

Green fill indicates that consultations has

cleared out land use requirement /directives
from the sector authority
SE SOCIO-ECONOMIC Binding regulation for the interpreter of the Plan (National and local
government; general public; private investors and entrepreneurs;
etc. stipulated in the new legislation.

Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for urban expansion. The preparation and adoption of MININFRA
sound urban development: an Urban Development Plan (approved by District Council) should
precede implementation of major land use changes.

SE1 Point -Prioritized District Centre for urban Points out the District Centres to coordinate public investments for
development urban development for the planning horizon up to 2020 (yellow
Scenario). An Urban Development Plan shall be prepared.
The remaining District Centres to be developed if more resources
are available for the planning horizon up to 2020 (Green Scenario).
MININFRA; MINALOC
Which of the District Centres shall have prioritized
and coordinated development support till Year
2020?
Is the land consumption proposed for expansion
in the Kigali Master Plan feasible and viable?

SE2 Polygon -Delineated area for urban Area reserved for urban development. The responsible authority is MININFRA; MINALOC
development requested to establish an urban policy for sustainable development
according to the Plan’s Umujyi concept. An Urban Development
Plan shall be prepared.

SE3 Point (Area and) hub of national interest Reserved for an Education Sector Plan initiative to provide equal MINEDUC
for education distribution of tertiary education hubs in the country and to promote Consultation has cleared out the land use
district development potentials. The proposed geographic location requirement from the sector authority
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is an indication in a national perspective and the site location will

further be looked into in the respective IDDP.

SE4 Point (Area and) hub of national interest Reserved for a Health Sector Plan initiative to provide equal
for health. distribution of secondary health hubs in the country and to promote
district development potentials. The proposed geographic location
is an indication in a national perspective and the site location will
further be looked into in the respective IDDP.
MINISANTE
Consultation has cleared out the land use
requirement from the sector authority

Hub of national interest for economic

development:

SE5 Point -First Priority ‘Market Centre’ (A Reserved for the development of market activities of an existing MINICOM
trading centre with a market) trading centre cum market. The centre must be located in close What should be the criteria for selection and
proximity to a main (national/district?) road; at least 10 Km away prioritization?
from a centre of similar function. The centre must have at least one
substantial value-added manufacturing enterprise or large scale
distribution depot within its boundary which "exports" goods or
services to its hinterland.

A study area for development around the location should be

earmarked in the IDDP and no major land use change that is in
conflict with the national interest will be allowed. An Action Area
Plan shall be prepared and approved by District (and Sector?)
Council before implementation.

Area and hub of national interest for

sustainable agriculture production.

SE6 Polygon -Valuable agriculture land Fertile land reserved for increased agricultural production to attain MINAGRI
national food security and increased exports to improve foreign Is there a nationwide agreed classification of
exchange earnings and employment opportunities. New farmland where the most fertile land can be
development other than Imidugudu villages should be restricted, in identified?
order to preserve valuable agricultural land. Alternative sustainable
solutions for technical infrastructure should be encouraged, for

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example ecological sanitation.

SE/ Point -Site purposed for Imidugudu Two sites should be in a distance of (more than) 4 kilometers from MINALOC
Settlement each other. Is the distance criterion of 4 km as stated in the
planning guidelines still relevant?
Careful analysis to restore and maintain ecological balance should
proceed establishment of the sites located at the map. An Action
Area Plan shall be prepared and approved by District (and
Sector?) Council before implementation.

Due to inconsistent sector data it is currently not possible to plot

sites that fulfill the requirement. For more information, see Final
Part Chapter 3: ‘Land Use Planning and Standards - Housing and
Urbanization’.

Point or Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for increased forestry production to attain national MINIFOM
polygon sustainable forestry production balance between logging and planting and to form employment
opportunities. Forests should be accessible for recreation. Penalty
should be paid for littering and illegal cutting.

SE8 -Corridor to protect and create No support for continued agricultural production will be provided by
biodiversity the government. Compensation for a landowner who wants to
facilitate the land use change towards forestry land use will be
given.

SE9 - Land with a slope exceeding 40 No government support for maintained agricultural production will Is 40 degree slope acceptable?
degrees be supported. Program for tree planting will be provided for land
owner who wants to change existing farmland towards forestry
land use.

Point or Area and hub of national interest for Natural resource reserved for the exploitation of Rwanda’s mineral MINIFOM
polygon sustainable mining exploitation. wealth within acceptable environmental parameters and
encouragement of safe and healthy mining practices. An
Environmental Impact Assessment must proceed implementation

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SE10 Point -Mineral deposits No land use change be allowed that obstructs exploitation. MINELA
Consultation has cleared out the land use
requirement from the sector authority.
What restriction regarding land use is caused by a
mineral deposit?
SE11 Polygon -Exploration and Exploitation No land use change be allowed that obstructs exploitation. Please MINELA
Concession areas observe that some concessions are found in Protected Areas that Consultation has cleared out the land use
must be resolved. requirement from the sector authority
What restriction regarding land use is caused by a
mineral concession?
SE12 Point or Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for major industrial development within acceptable MINICOM
polygon industrial development. environmental parameters. New residential development should Any major growth points projected outside Kigali?
not be permitted in industrial areas, in order not to impose
obstacles to industrial production. Attention should be given to
protect surrounding areas from negative environmental impact. An
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in combination with an
Action Area Plan (AAP) must precede implementation.

SE13 Point or Area and hub of national interest for Prioritized for the exploitation of Rwanda’s tourist assets within MINICOM
polygon tourism development. acceptable environmental parameters, fully utilize the country's Consultation has cleared out the land use
scenic and biophysical resources and cultural and historic sites requirement from the sector authority.
within environmentally sustainable limits.

District with an area of national interest for tourism development

shall include more details about the potentials in the IDDP.
Likewise, an area shared between more than one district will
prompt joint studies for inter-district harmonization of the national OK with the directive?
interest. More information about the tourist potential for an area is
found in the ‘National Tourism Master Plan’.

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in combination with

an Action Area Plan shall be prepared and approved by District
Council before implementation of a major tourist hub development.

A socio economic analysis should be a prerequisite to any

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implementation of a major tourist hub

IS INFRASTRUCTURE

Area and hub of national interest for MININFRA

transportation:

IS1 Polyline -Proposed new or improvement of A planning reserve of 60 M along both sides of the tentative
National and District Road alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities. .
MININFRA
No uniform classification of roads is found; are
there plans to align and harmonize?
Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed
(improved) road and if so how many meters?

IS2 Polyline -Proposed railway A planning reserve of 500 M along both sides of the tentative
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.
MININFRA; MINEAC
Consultation has cleared out the land use
requirement from the sector authority.

IS3 Polygon -Proposed new international airport The area includes noise polluted area not suitable for residential MININFRA; MINEAC
land use. No land use change that is in conflict with the national OK with the directive?
interest will be allowed. An Environmental Impact Assessment A demarcation of the land needed for the airport
(EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan (AAP) must area not yet found.
precede implementation

IS4 Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for major provider of water or environmentally sound
water provision and sanitation. waste management. No land use change that causes risk of
pollution will be allowed for a water source

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IS5 Point or -(Proposed) Protected source of Water body or ground reservoir strictly reserve for production of MININFRA
polygon major water supply clean water. Efforts should be made to protect watersheds and MINELA
catchment areas as a management tool for water resources Does the existing protection also gives prevention
conservation and protection. No activities or land uses that can for (drinkable) water production? If not shall
pollute the source are allowed in the area. Penalty should be paid certain water bodies be reserved in this respect?
for littering and polluting.

Point or -(Proposed) Major landfill and/or The area includes odor polluted area not suitable for residential MINELA/REMA
polygon recycling plant land use. No major land use change that is in conflict with the OK with the directives?
national interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure
plan has been approved by concerned authorities.

IS6 Area and hub of national interest for Reserved for the provision and distribution of energy (not only
energy/power supply: electricity) on a full cost recovery basis and increase the reliability
of supply and transmission to main consumption areas in the
country within environmentally sustainable limits.

IS7 Polyline -Proposed surfaced gas pipeline A planning reserve of 200 M along both sides of a tentative MININFRA
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in Any land reservations here for the period up to
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict 2020?
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities. feature and if so how many meters?

IS8 Polyline -Proposed power line A planning reserve of 100 M along both sides of a tentative MININFRA
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in OK with the directive?
the IDDP Land Use Plan. No land use change that is in conflict s there a need for a buffer around a proposed
with the national interest will be allowed until the respective feature and if so how many meters?
infrastructure plan has been approved by concerned authorities.

IS9 Point -Proposed energy production No major land use change that is in conflict with the national MININFRA
interest will be allowed. An Environmental Impact Assessment OK with the land reservation and the directive?
(EIA) in combination with an Action Area Plan (AAP) must
precede implementation.

IS10 Area and hub of national interest for

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ICT:

IS 11 Point Cellular Communication Pylon Reserved for (mobile) phone transmitter. Sharing of pylons MININFRA; MINICT
between mobile providers is a mandatory requirement which OK with the directive?
among other implies a distance of at least 1 km away from a pylon
of similar function.

Regulation from Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency specifies the

following:

‘Passive infrastructure sharing’ means the sharing of non-

electronic infrastructure and facility. It includes sharing of physical
sites, buildings, shelters, towers/masts, electric power supply and
battery backup, grounding/earthling, air conditioning, security
arrangement, poles, ducts, trenches.

‘Active infrastructure sharing’ means the sharing of electronic

infrastructure and facility. It includes sharing of Base Transceiver
Station (BTS), spectrum, antenna, feeder cable, Radio Access
Network (RAN), microwave radio equipment, billing platform,
switching centers, router, Base Station Controller (BSC) /Radio
Network Controller (RNC), optical fiber/ wired access and
backbone transmission network, database etc. ‘

IS12 Polyline -Fiber transmission A planning reserve of 5 M along both sides of a proposed tentative MININFRA; MINICT
alignment is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in No digital database available for the network.
the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national
interest will be allowed until the respective infrastructure plan has
been approved by concerned authorities.
Existing data is only schematic and cannot be
inserted in the map. It is recommended that
responsible authorities initiates a survey that
results in a GIS database showing existing and
planned/proposed fiber network.
OK with the directive?
Is there a need for a buffer around a proposed
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feature and if so how many meters?

EN ENVIRONMENT

Area and hub of national interest to Protected by special legislation MINELA

protect biodiversity:

EN1 Polygon -Protected Wetland Discharges of untreated waste water to the water bodies or the MINELA
ground should be forbidden. Waste water should either be What directives shall be used?
discharged into sewerage networks or be collected in watertight
reservoirs (cess-pools), and it should be treated before discharge.

EN2 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around A buffer zone of 50 M around the wetland, protected by special MINELA
protected wetland legislation, is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in OK with the land reservation and the directive?
the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national
interest will be allowed.

EN3 Polygon -Protected Forest Logging and charcoal production not permitted. MINELA; MINIFOM
What directives shall be used?

EN4 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around A buffer zone of 3 Km around the forest, protected by special MINELA; MINIFOM
protected forest legislation, is demarcated on the Map which should be applied in OK with the land reservation and the directive?
the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the national
interest will be allowed. No sites for Imidugudu villages should be
allocated in the buffer zone.

EN5 Polygon Areas to be reserved to achieve Very strong incentives by the sector authorities both at central and MINELA; MINIFOM
Vision 2020 target of 30% forest local levels must be provided so that the individual farmer will shift OK with the land reservation and the directive?
cover of total land area from farming to productive forestry.

EN6 National Park National Parks shall be established for the protection of biodiversity RDB, MINICOM/TOURISM
and sustainable management of wildlife. In addition to the three
existing parks, new ones will be established to protect critical
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ecosystems such as watersheds and wetlands, in accordance to

the new Wildlife Policy.

EN7 Polygon -Proposed Buffer Zone around A buffer zone of 3 Km around the National Park, protected by The Plan’s proposal
National Park special legislation, is demarcated on the Map, which should be
applied in the IDDP. No land use change that is in conflict with the
national interest will be allowed. No sites for Imidugudu villages
should be allocated in the buffer zone.

Buffer zones will be established around the national parks to RDB, MINICOM/TOURISM
provide them with additional protection.
RDB’s response during the consultation period for
Corridors will also be established where feasible to link the parks the Steering Committe
and to provide connectivity and gene flow. The actual width of the
buffer zones and corridors will be negotiated with the neighbouring
communities and other land-owners, according to the needs of
each park. The 3 km width proposed of buffer zones, is considered
unsustainable, considering the demographic pressures around the
parks.

EN8 Area and hub of national interest to
protect cultural heritage (National
Monuments)
National Monuments will be established, gazette and protected RDB
under appropriate law, for the protection of natural, geological,
archeological, cultural or historical features of national, regional or
international interest or importance. No land use change that is in Are there any plans to record the locations?
conflict with the national interest will be allowed.

EN9 Point -Genocide Memorial Sites An inventory should be made by the responsible authority. MINISPOC
No digital database availabe
Protected by special legislation today?
Are there any plans to record the locations? What
directives shall be used?
It is recommended that responsible authorities
initiates a survey that results in a GIS database
showing existing and planned/proposed sites.
EN10 Pont -Historical and cultural monuments, Describes the heritage qualities in urban and rural landscapes. MINISPOC
buildings and, sites of high Penalty should be paid for littering and polluting. An inventory No data on locations available. It is recommended
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importance should be made by the responsible authority. that responsible authorities initiates a survey that
results in a GIS database showing existing and
planned/proposed monuments..
EN11 Point -Prioritized (Cooperative) Centre for Important hub for preservation and development of traditional arts No data on locations available. It is recommended
Art & Craft and crafts. An inventory should be made by the responsible that responsible authorities initiates a survey that
authority. results in a GIS database showing existing and
planned/proposed centres.
EN12 Polygon Area (and hub) of national interest to For existing built-up area exposed to hazards: Rezoning and/or MIDIMAR
prevent natural hazards: (land other measures to control development that respond to site What directives shall be used for risk
slides, flooding, volcano eruption conditions and reduces vulnerability to man-made and natural management
and earth quakes) hazards.

BM BASE MAP

BM1 Polyline National boundary

BM2 Polyline District boundary

BM3 Point District centre

BM4 Name of District and District Centre

BM5 Name of man-made or natural

feature

BM6 Polyline National road A Right of Way of 22 M on both sides of the road centre line where Confirmed with MININFRA
no land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will
be allowed.

BM7 Polyline District road A Right of Way of 16 M on both sides of the road centre line where
no land use change that is in conflict with the national interest will
be allowed.

BM8 Point Border post

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BM9 Pont Airport

BM10 Point Power line A Right of Way of 10 M along the line alignment where no land use
change that is in conflict with the national interest will be allowed.

BM11 Polygon Water body (Wetlands, lakes and

rivers)

BM12 Polygon Forest

BM13 Point Tertiary Education Facility

BM14 Point Secondary Health Facility

DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN

1.9 Proposed Projects to Be Implemented during the Planning Period 2012-2017

Equitable Distribution of Public Services over the Country.
Coordination and cooperation between national sector authorities are needed to steer
resources to achieve equitable (spatial) distribution of services and utilities. Use of
modern technology such as GIS for spatial optimization is therefore recommended.
Implementation of Deconcentration Urban Policy
The Imidugudu Policy needs an urban ‘sister’ to prevent accelerated migration to
existing urban areas, predominately Kigali City. This ‘Umujyji’ Policy aims to
counteract unplanned habitation and the increase of informal settlements with poor
services and unhealthy conditions. Rwanda is still a low urbanized country and has a
unique opportunity to set the standards for sustainable urban development that most
African countries fail to do at the moment. The next ten years will be crucial if Rwanda
will be a success story in this respect or join the other that has flopped. Likewise, the
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urban planning should now take advantage of available spatial data in combination
with modern analysis and presentation tools, strengthen the participatory process at
local government level to make it possible to design a modular alternative of
sustainable urban development. Conscious and Applied Direction of Public (and
Private) efforts to develop District centre into urban growth points.
Implementation of Sound Imidugudu Policy
Optimizing the use of rural land is vital to allow future generation to produce cash
crops. Concentration of the rural scattered built up pattern into dense rural settlement
will free fertile soil for agriculture production and at the same time will provide better
accessibility to basic public services.
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Implementation of Projects for Improved Agricultural Production
Efforts to reform the agriculture sector to move from subsistence to cash crop farming
need to be supported by trade and economic incentives for the rural population.
Implementation of Projects for Increased Forestry Production
To balance need for forestry products the area for forests needs to be increased in the
future. Consequently. land unsuitable for agriculture high yields must be converted
Implementation of Projects for Tourism Development
Rwanda is a safe country that can offer a diversity of tourist attractions. With increased
international accessibility the country has rich opportunities to welcome tourists that
seek unique sceneries and exceptional experiences to remember. Many projects are
found on the drawing table, however more action is needed by the government to
initiate implementation.
Exploitation and Supply of Sustainable and Renewable Energy
Resources
Major environmentally friendly energy investments are needed in the near future to
transform the land locked Rwanda into a society ready to battle with an alarming
global climate change and to balance the ecological foot print..
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into forestry.Implementation of Projects for Economic Development with Emphasis on
Market Centres.
Intensification of Mineral Deposit Exploitation
Rwanda has rich deposits of valuable minerals found all over the country. Exploitation
will boos local development and create job opportunities for the rural population.
Revitalization of Transportation System
Rehabilitation of the National Road Network, construction of the railway line from
Isaka to Kigali/Goma and construction of the new international airport at Bugesera are
the main pillars to increase international and national accessibility.
Conservation and Protection of Natural Biodiversity
The population of Rwanda must realize that exiting biodiversity is being challenged
and learn how to be more resourceful to the fundaments for their existence.
Legislation to guard sensitive areas is in place but must also be respected by the
general public
The table below illustrates the status of projects in Kayonza District
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Project Overview: 2012

Type of project: Source of
Brief SE=Socio- funds:Central
Project description economic; gov;District;
Unique of the I=Infrastructure; NGO;Donnor;ot Implementing Date of Date of
ID Project Name Sector Cell project E=Environment hers Project cost agency started Completion
P_ID P_NM SCT_NM CELL_NM P_BRIEF P_TP P_FUND P_COST P_OWN P_START P_END
Teacher Training Centre construction Mukarange Rugendabare
001 SE Cent.gov 345600000 BIECOM 2012 2017
002 Extension of a secondary school Gahini Gihinga SE Cent.gov 131800000 MGECO 2012 2017
003 Extension of a secondary school Murundi Karambi SE Cent.gov 133200000 SDC 2012 2017
004 Construction of health centre Kaborondo Kabarondo SE Cent.gov 115000000 CCMC 2012 2017
005 Construction of health centre Ruramira Umubuga SE Cent.gov 126000000 HORIZON 2012 2017
006 Construction of health centre Rwinkwavu Mbarara SE Cent.gov 112000000 MGECO 2012 2017
006 Construction of one health centre Mwiri Murori SE Donor 186000000 HORIZON 2012 2017
007 Reforestation Rukara Rwimishinya E Donor/others 20000000 IMANZI 2012 2017
008 Construction of food market Ndego Karambi I others 265000000 MGECO 2012 2017
Rehabilitation and extension of water
009 pumping Ruramira Umubuga I Donnor 68000000 RUDICOB 2012 2017
010 Create new water pumping Murundi Karambi I Donnor 180000000 BITU 2012 2017
011 Construction of one sector office Kabare Rubumba SE Donnor 26000000 COGECO 2012 2017

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1.10 Public Consultation – Plan Proposal

• Display public hearing, etc
• Consultation for the next step

1.11 Approval and Appeal Process

• Approval
• Appeal Central Government
• Appeal General Public
• Final Approval

1.12 Protocols for Monitoring and Evaluation

• What should be done?
• Who is responsible?
Creating an IDDP Project Management GIS sector really, what progress is there, what projects are planned for, what is the
progress of this and that project?’
Application

The IDDP generates many development programs and projects. An obvious

application for the GIS would be to support a project management system. Project
databanks can be developed, containing geo-coded data that tracks each of these
programs and describes the spatial distribution of various programs across the district.
A spatial perspective on these activities can often show geographic bias, lack of
coordination, and an imbalance between the location of development activities and
actual needs.

The ability to locate various indicators collected by the district could create a "needs"
oriented database for each subdivision of the District area (by sector), graphically
showing the various "needs" as they are distributed over the urban area. For
example, various health issues may be shown to exist in areas removed from projects
that could potentially affect these problems. A GIS-based project management
The
database can assist in the targeting of activities based on need, rather than
sector
perceptions or political/administrative bias.
officials often get questions from their sector members like: ‘what’s happening in the
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Project Objectives
The focus on Integrated District Development Planning with objectives to combat the
highly inequitable spatial distribution of resources within the fields of housing,
infrastructure and social services as well as imbalances between supply and demand
across sectors, stresses the need for relevant and updated District information which
can be analysed and presented in a District perspective.
The objectives is to establish a basic GIS application which tries to give the user
(politicians and other as well) the opportunity to have a quick access to an updated
source of information about the status of the various projects that have been decided
upon and currently are ongoing.
RESULTS
The result will be a basic project monitoring GIS prepared in liaison with the
responsible departments of District encompassing all the components of the GIS to
secure a sustained system for the future.
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
The most important limitations and obstacles to the operational use of GIS are not of a
technical nature. They are rather institutional, organisational, procedural, and
information quality issues. To alleviate these obstacles, there should be a strategy
dealing with institutional mandates and linkages, human skills development,
technology strategies and financial management as well as ‘traditional’ GIS issues
such as data and applications. Therefore, in order to get to a sustainable project
management GIS, all the ‘big GIS five’ (Hardware, software, application, staff and
data) have to be looked into. The activities below are recommended to be undertaken
in order to get the GIS application up and running:
HARDWARE
It is assumed that the departments involved in the implementation of (IDDP) projects
are supplied with computers. It is also an option to connect via Internet in the future.
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SOFTWARE
Besides from MS Office, there is a need for ArcExplorer (freeware) which is a GIS
browser for stand-alone computer. One ArcGIS license will also be needed for each
District.
DATA AND INDICATORS FOR THE PROJECT
INFORMATION
Attribute tables will be prepared presenting the projects that have physical relations to
the various sectors. The source of information is the list of projects included in annual
budgets, Operating & Capital Budget Report, etc. and that has been approved by the
Council. There is a need to establish an interface between these sophisticated tables
and the simple tables of attribute information in Excel format (see below) that
constitutes a part of the project management GIS. The respective sector departments
implementing IDDP projects will be responsible for the updating of the attribute
information of the project management GIS once it is up and functioning.
STAFF
The staff assigned to computers needs to undergo a one-day end user training.
Further, specialised training needs to be given to councillors and staff persons at
management level who will use the project monitoring GIS for information, monitoring
and planning.
Designated data custodians need to be appointed who will be able to keep the
records presented in the project monitoring GIS updated after training has been
provided.
APPLICATION
As a first phase a very simple GIS will be prepared showing primary indicators and
performance of ongoing projects. The GIS will give an overview of the geographic
distribution of the projects and also gives an opportunity to compare the allocation of
the projects between sectors. It will also facilitate the monitoring of projects and
present progress reports. The ESRI ‘hyperlink’ function will be used for an overview of
a project and the ‘information’ function will give details about the progress of the
project. The information is prepared and updated on a regular basis (quarterly?)
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according to the requirements of the Council. The attached Excel table layout shows a Infrastructure
proposed coding of column heads. spatial data
is
Population statistics will be added to the system and a few simple capacity/demand
analyses will be provided to be used for easy analyses.

When the users feel confident with the system, as a third step with more sophisticated
queries can be developed if there is a need for that.

The application will be coordinated with the ongoing NLC project ‘National Land
Registration Project’.
predominately polyline features
PROJECT ORGANISATION ENVIRONMENT

The IDDP GIS data consists of base data and a number of sector databases in the
fields of Socio-economic, Infrastructure, Environment and Land Management. In order
to get the project management GIS up and running, there is a need to define the
common denominators for the system. For that, Technical Working Groups (TWGs)
are needed to be put together to coordinate and to implement the work. The members
will be recruited from the departments. Thematic Task Teams carried out specific
aspects of the IDDP process and are small operational teams composed of a number
of relevant District sector department officials and technical specialists, who will later
be involved in the direct management of implementation of identified programmes and
projects.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
The ‘valid to’ tag. Identical to the tasks focused on in the IDDP environmental
analyses/strategies/programs. Environment spatial data is predominately polygon
features but can sometimes also be represented as point objects.
LAND MANAGEMENT
‘The price tag’. It is an official public record of zoning and ownership thereby making it
the most reliable source of data with regards to legal land-use, ownership, boundaries
and areas.
It serves as basis for land taxation and assessment of land values that can be inputted
to fiscal resources of local government. Land Management spatial data is
predominately polygon features but can sometimes also be represented as point
objects.

The ‘software issues’, such as the tasks that are highlighted in the IDDP social
analyses/strategies/programs. Socio-economic spatial data is predominately point
features.
INFRASTRUCTURE

The ‘man made features’. The infrastructure data serves as a chart of the location,
distribution, volume and type of infrastructure utilities within the sectors. Infrastructure
maps provide guide in planning activities like determining infrastructure
requirements/demands, locating infrastructure projects and identifying infrastructure
adding improvement.

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ATTRIBUTE METADATABASE SPECIFICATION

Summary of Projects
Brief
Descriptio
n about *Normally development projects
Category the can be categorized in for
(Infrastructure project The total example ''Infrastructure, Socio-
Unique ID Title of , Socio- (Maximu cost of economic, Environmental, Land
for the the Location economic, m 10 the Management' What is relevant
project project (Sector ID) etc.*) words) project for your District?
PR_ID PR_NM PR_LOC PR_CAT PRDESC PR_COST

Project Budget
Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule
of of of of of
Unique ID Title of The total Approval date implemen implemen implemen implemen implemen
for the the cost of the by the tation tation tation tation tation
project project project Council year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5
PR_ID PR_NM PR_COST PR_DAT COST01 COST02 COST03 COST04 COST05

Project Ownership
Funding Implementing
Unique ID Title of source (Use agency (Use
for the the recognised recognised Project Contact
project project abriviations) abriviations) Leader address
PR_ID PR_NM PRFUND PRIMPL PR_LEAD PR_CONT

Project Monitoring
Status of the
project
(Finished, As Brief
planned(ongo description on
ing), reasons for
Unique ID Title of Delayed, Not delay, LAND REGISTRATION
for the the started, abolishment,
project project Abolished) etc.
PR_ID PR_NM PRSTAT PRSTDE The Organic Law Determining the Use and the Management of Land in Rwanda
sets out new and comprehensive arrangements for registering and administering
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land and land titles, and for the guidance of land use and land management. It is situation analysis consultation report which the team that has made the analysis will
an overarching piece of legislation requiring secondary legislation in the form of make proposals on what actions to be taken. The report will be presented to the
orders for effective implementation of many of its provisions. Development of District Council who will adopt it with the eventual alternatives they fell to be relevant.
tertiary regulations and guidelines are also envisaged.
The Ministry of Environment and Lands Strategic Road Map details proposals Likewise, a similar participatory action will take place once the draft plan has been
and costs for implementing the new arrangements and provides a full time bound produced. Besides from public meetings, it is proposed that the plan with proposed
programme, with costs. The broad strategy covers the following five interrelated projects be presented in a form of a display and the district land use plan which will be
elements: exhibited for 2 weeks under which the stakeholders can raise concerns over the plan
i). Development and refinement of policy and legislation; this and propose changes and /or new ideas in a written format. The comments will be
includes the drafting of priority orders, regulations and summarized in a plan’s consultation report with the same lay out as the SACR. Again
operational manuals central to implementing the National Land the final say will be given by the District Council who will adopt the plan after eventual
Policy and the Organic Land Law. revisions and time implementation can start.
ii). A framework for the development of a land administration
systems and procedures for Rwanda; with provision for land
administration, registration of all related transactions at central
and district level.
1.13 Appendix
iii). A national system and programme for regularisation of land Vision 2020
tenure; to systematically bring land to first registration and to
allow all citizens equal access to the new systems. EDPRS
iv). Developing the land management organisations principally the NICI – PLAN 2010
establishment of a National Land Centre under a separate law, Population Projections 2010-2020
the District Land Bureaux, Land Commissions at National and
District Levels, and land committees at Sector and Cell levels.
v). A national system and programme for land planning and
development control; to ensure rational use of land and
effective development as well as environmental protection.

As seen on the work flow graph on Page 4, each important planning step is followed
by a consultation period. The sector needs assessment and the risk and suitability
analysis are subject to a public hearing, where sector and cell spokesmen elected ,
the general public, representatives from the private sector, NGOs, Donors etc are
invited to be briefed about the findings.

It is proposed that the findings are summarized in a comprehensive report: situation

analysis and that stakeholder will be given a certain period of time (2 to 4 weeks) to
prepare written comments and suggestions. The comments will be summarized in a
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