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● inject a tracer ● tracer appears somewhere
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B14RS 6 8 X3b9S 2 O Q7ST0VU3S c;.94 c7aTSPX 0 c O UZ] [<0F3 ;[ ]$!
d !e 2 U
%
!
d !ye ( 6

6 2RX3b ( :958 6 S b1c Q7S

d !ye (
6

!

2 b9S`03ST] [70 S78EX3b9S 2 O Q7S`0 U3S c;.145c<a S@X30Vc O UW] [7c0 3 2 U

d e (
d= 6 : e
6

2 b92 U 2 O X3S 9 0Vc;4 2 WU 6 ST454 } O 7[ 6 O BEY X b9[S 3 c X b9JS 3 c;X32 a 2 c O U c O : 25U aTc;4545S: X b9S
> .%i!%ymspt
k
-P&%Da`mwa i
[<rc0 t7: k 2 O ] _ 9 O X3a [ X325X[ b9O 25U : S 6 O 2 L[ b93 S 2 O b c;YX3: 2503[ [ O 9 8 S`2 [745b1[ ST9 2 2U/UWX UWU[<4Ra`_9c;X345254 [ 2 OX X aTb9c SO B iJgS klk+6 032R%XWX uJS m O,.%~ [70 5iJ o %uJm ,.% 6

, e (
d = 6 e
gd
6
%
b ]K6 S 0 ST.94 c7aTS c74R4

X b9S : 42 3 S O U32R[ O 45SÙ U .1c;0Vc
3 S X ST0VU BEY\X3b9S`2R0Pc<a X _1c;4Q c;45_9S UT8:6 S 9 S X
d0 e( ,

d = 6 L6 e
% . %
1
10
Theis
Derivat
0
10
s/Q
=2
D
s
-1
10
-2
10 -1 0 1 2 3 4
10 10 10 10 10 10
2 2
t /r =Tt/Sr
D D

89 "*+8b9L23(N C6QTImS*@N "l99
x y1<,&)
= 6 6 - @ G 5 2 2 b - Mb N 8 ~ E- @{@ N02 b ^
¼ ¼ ¼

¼
2 b9S : S`0325Q c X 2RQ<S@[7]%X b9S S>= . [ O S O X 25c742 O X S 9 0Vc;4

2 U * c O : X3b1ST0 S ] [70 S78:6 S b1c Q7S

/4 O ( 6 SJ= . * d= 6 e

%
2 9 _90 S = 6 U3b9[76/UBc/.14R[7X[;] X b9S : 42 3 S O U325[ O 45SÙ U : 0VcO6-: [76 O c O : 2 XVUB45[ 9 c;0 2 X b53 25a :9ST0 2RQ c X 2RQ<S
X3c7b1U S c : ] ST_ 0 O 2RQ a c;X3X325[25Q7O S[;B ] S X3a b1L[ 3S S:9U 2?3 a [S OO UWUZXV25[ c O O 45X/SÙ c U O :X3243 2 U S S 6 8E_1 c7[74
0 X3c.[ : 2?x73 6 S6 O UW25[ O 4RS U3U X 2?3 S b92 9 b9S`0 X3b1c O :
b ]aTc745aT_94 c X3S O 7[ 6 8;X b90S : ST0 2RQ c;X325Q7S/[7]X3b9S 2 b9ST2 U U3[745_ X 2R[ O 6 2 X b c;4549X b9S .1c;0V
c 3 S X ST0V'U 6 S 9 STX

P4 O

( S J = . *
% .
,
d= 6 e %

%
[<0 45c;X3S X342 3 S781X3b9S : S`0325Q c X 2RQ<0 S 6 254R4BX3S O : X 7[ 6 c70 : 6
Z _Y{- {$<W$KT>*!0&S T>1

Sg*I
"1]J{$KTJ /
3
Theis
Jacob
2.5
1.5
D
s
0.5
0 -1 0 1 2
10 10 2
10 10
t D /r
2 9 _103SI= 6 6:~ 2 b9S`25UPc O : <c<a [LB U3[745_ X325[ O U 2 O UWS3 2 E 4R[ 9 U3a`c;45S 6
D
X3c 243 4RSP[ S b16 c7c 032Q<2RSPX3b9b525c;U@34503c;S 45[7c%03] :S c%YX b9: U3SY STS :2 OO 42 3: X32 b1SaTc;Oc;XX3U3S2RX3[ U b1O SX34Rb1S : U3c;SÙ@X/03X 25X3Q?2 b13 c S X S 2R2 Q<S/b92 ST[;[ 2 ]U X: ] b9_STS 0O 2Ra2Q<X3S b925[ S`X O 25b9U S 6 U3[7>S 2545=454 _ .9BX30 25S`S`[ b1U O U3c 2RQ72 [ U SIO cIc<] aUW[7Y[ 0 3O 4 UZc . XVX cX S [;O X3XX32 24aT]3 [<c704RS<458Y 4 c 6 c<X SSU
UWc X O c;: 039XH6 X S 2RX3b _ O X3b9S >S =:9.18 c. O U36<2R[ 6 O e 2 O UWS`0325SÙ [;]BX b96S >S = . [ O S O X 25c74 2 O X3S 9 0 c749] _ O a X325[ O d -MB90Vc
3 [76 2 Xcz
@ 9
6
6
4 O d e 1 "
d e( * *

!+

"
X3 S`0Fb93 S`03U S 2 O X32 b9U 2 X3U b1U3S ST0 25S`_1U 4RS`c70 03S[a [ 3 O UW_1X aVc b O X UF3 c;(454RS`0I: X= b1c O 6 X b9= S 6 a [ O b9UZS XVO c O X c52 U O :U 3 X3c7b94RS 4 8,4R[X3b99 Sc703UW2RX3_5b53Z3 3 6 c X2 2R[b1O S
0

³r´µO¶·¸@¸¹¸Hº@º@»
- 5 2 8 = 6 2 jb @ -P^ <- @ NM2 b ^ @
S>= . [ O S O X32 c;42 O X S 9 0 c74 X S O :1U X3[76 c;0;:~
d e * )*4 O d e

2 b9S`03ST] [70 S78E] [70 4 c X S X342 3 S<8 X3b1S : 0 Oc 6-:97[ 6 O aTc O B SIc;.1.903[O= 243 c X3S:+B Y~
d e
6 4 O * d = 6 =Le
%

2 b92 U U3[745_ X325[ O 2 gU } O 7[ 6 O c7U X b9S Ec7aTA[ B UW[<4R_9X325[ O 6 2 9 _903S = 6 6 U3b9[76/U 2 b9S`25U c O : Ec7aT[AB
U3[7[;45_X b X325[ U3[7O 45U _ 6 X325[ O [7U0 a 4 [c XO S Q<STX30 243 S/S<X 8 [ X X3b9b9S SI: U 0V
c cO3 6-S : [7UWX36 0VOc;2 ] [<bE4RX 45[7456/2 O U S c] [70 UZX 0 c72 9 b<X 452 O S : 2 O UWS3 2?E 4R[ 9 U aTc74RS 6
9 9 6
Nc;0 U32R_1X35b c73 4R45Y78

d 4 2 O O eb B Y Y : 0 X [ b99 S S`[7B145c<[ UW9 S Y <: c<a 4R[L[ B c;UW0 [<2RX34R5b _93X325[ Od 4R[ 2 U e >S 8 = c .9O 0 :SÙ X3UWb9S :S B: Y?2 3 0 S STO .1UW45c<25[ a O 2 O 4RS 9 U3U X b9. S c;0VO c
c 3 X3_1S 0 X c7ST4%0VU045[ B 9 Y E
X3b1ST250Pc7a X3_1c74Q c74R_1SÙ~ 9 9
d e
6 : 45[ 9 6 6<= " ,
d = 6 e
0
.
%
Z !M]JS$KTJ / Tv$'& $K&! Tv$ &T>!M- < ]{$KTJ /
9.Ec725SJa z`[L[AB 3 U S Xc7ST.90V.9U 0 4R[O[ = aT24c;3 X3Sc :X 2R[ c;O X :9aTc 25UWO X c B O S a S c7U .9.9 452RSc : O :X [ a`c;] 4 0 a [A_934 c X X SPb9SX b9.9S _5b93 S`.9c+:2 O 9: 2?|
6 STST0 45S4 6 O aTS0B S X 6 STS O X 6 [

(
% .
,
4 O 6 67= "

( % .
,
4 O 6 67= "

2 b9S : 0VOc 6-: 7[ 6 O : 2 |

ST0 S O a S B STX 6 S`S O X3b1S X 6 [ .925JS zTL[ 3 S X3S`0 U 2 U fS 8<_ c;4
X3[

6 4O
,
* (

5.
X2 O 6 : b9[\STS . .9O S25JS O <zT: c<L[ S a3 O L[ XSB X3S`c;0 .9UP_9.9.94R0[ _9O[ a`2R= cX ?2X33c S O :"c;: X3c 252[0X O b9: 2R?2 SB | 3 S Sà 03L[S6 3O c70X US :U\2 O 2 UZQ XV] c;c7c 45a2O :X aT8 S`4R_1UPX3avb1] } 03S YIL[ 3: S ?2O | X[7S`b9_ 03S S Ob B a [7X3S[g0 ST26 b1O [70 245: XWS S/0 Oc6 c 6-2RO 45:9K4 S7[ B 8E6 S _1Oa c L[ X 3B 2R[ S S O X 6 X3X324STb13 S c;O SX
b9STQ [<c74 :94R_1UIc;STX3Q7S S X3O b1S 2 O6X30V X c 0 O c FU O 3 UW2525S U O UWX25Q UW2 XZX Y c;X3[7S ] 6 c 2 O b92 S`: 03S STc;] 4[70aTS7[ 8O X; b9O S S : ] [7Ac 45458E7[ _96 2R]2 STO 0 9 9 2 O] [<F0X 30 c _9O 4 U3c 2RS aTO c X/O UWX B c;S X3S c;.1.94R25S :X [
6

6 d * e 4 O d= 6 e
,
(
/.

Z [!M/KTv$'T TQ$Y SW/SW]QY{<TJ

b X 25U,243 . [<0WXVc O X`8
6 b1S O 2 O X3S`03.90 S X 2 O 9 c :9c XVc@U3S X 8 X3[ b1c Q<S c 9 [ [:I2 O X _92RX325[ O [;]9X b9S 03S`45c;X325[ O
B S X 6 STS O X b9S".1c70 cA3 S X3S`0 U\[;] X3b9S 3 [: S`4@c O : 2 XVU+B STb1c Q 25[7_90 6 2 b9S 2 b9S`25U c O :Ec7aT[AB
3 [: ST4 U/c;0 S S>= X30 SJ3 S`4RY 2?3 . [703X c O X/c7U,3 c O Y\[;X b9ST0,3 [: S`45U [7]DX3S O X S O :1U X3[76 c;0;: c 2 b9S`25U
[70 Ec7aT[AB UW[<4R_ X 2R[ O ] [<0 S`c70345Y\[70 4 c X S X3243 S 6
57698 S O c;0;:
= 6 = 6 @ ^ @ b 2 b 0b 2 -P^@- @ b@
3
s 1
2.5
1.5
s
Slope
a=s -s
1 2
1
s
0.5 2
1logcye
0 -1 0 1
10 10 10
2 9 _103SI= 6 ~ 2 9b S aT[ O UWX c O XVU c O :

Interspb t/r 2

.1c7S,0 cA6 3 2R45ST4 X3_1S`0UWS/UX3d Sfb98ES/_1SJc = X .92R[ 03OS U3=U3256 [ O eQ[;~ ]
X3b1S : 0VcO6-: [76 O Q c74R2 : ] [70 45c;X3S X 2?3 SM6 b125aVb 2 O a 45_9: S@c;4549X3b1S
d e(
" 6 : 45[ 9 6 6<=
,
d = 6 e
0
% .
SIaTc O 0 >S En6 032RX3S 2RX ~

d e"(
0 45[ 9 d = 6
e
6 2RX3b

( 6 : " ,
( 6 67=
d = 6 6;: e
2 b9S UWS>S = .90 SÙ UW25[ O U c;0 S ] _9454 [7]I2 O ] [7c0 3 c;X325[ O U 6 S X [U ;10 UWX _ O : ST0VUWX c O : 6 b1c X c;0 S X3b1S
% . "
3 S`c O 2 O 9 [;]X3b9S a [ O UZXVc O X U c O : 6 0 [A3S8E_1c;X325[ O d = 6

e 8 6 S UWS`S/X3b c X 2 ]_6 SP.14R[7X c<U
[;cP: ]
24] 3 _UW45OS [7Oa. XU3S 2R2R[[ OO 6 [;[; ]9] 2 X9 c b9_9S 04RS S 4RO [ = 9 6 X [7b ]9U3b9X3 b17[ 6/S U,03S b9: c7[ _1QE6 a 2 OS : a`X 45c ?2[ 3O SdB IS e03 ( <S 8c7:9X3U38 b9_92RSX03S . 2 : U@[7:2 aTO 254R0SX S`KUc;a 016 X 4Rd25Y 4Rc;494 [ U3UWOX[\c X3]O b90 :I[AS 3[ 9 O 0VSc;c 8E.1_1UZb Xc;6 0 X3c725[2 9 bO bEc7X,= U,45X32 b1O SS e

X3[;b ] c X3X b9S <25UPc<aX3L[b1B"S QUZXc;0 45c7_92 S 9 b<[;X ] 4R 2 O 1S 6 6 ] [72 X0 b"6 X b9b992 S aVb b1[79 0 ($?2 z`[ : O 6 X c72 4%b97c ST= 0 S S U@] [<c;03X S<8 ($2 U : UW42 c73 U@.92 X4RY 2 UPX b90 SST.92 0O S`X3U3S`S 0 O U3S`X Sa :X36 25[
2 OO

9
2 9 _90 S = 6 6 b1c7U,X b9S-: 243 S O U32R[ O [7]
c@X 2?3 S : 25QE2 : S: B Y X b9S/Uc8<_ c;0 S [7] c0: 2 UZXVc O aTS 6
X3[;^/b ] 7[ c 6 X c 4RSTO X25: U/ U cc UWO 45S`2 S O2 O S`b9Q<c77[ST0 60VUW] _S@O ] _a c X3O O 25a[ :X3O 25[ [;O :] S`[;. ] S c O O :9: U c [ O O 2 O Q78 S`'0 U3S c O ] _ : O a X3625[ O 03[;L[ ]3 S 6 8E _1c;2 U/X325c[ O 452 O d = S`6c;6;0/: ]eM_ 6 O aS X 2RUW[ SÒ S
,
,

6
X3baV,Xb1b1Sc 3 O a S`[ c S O O UWU 2X cX3b1bO STcX 0 X`S 8 ] [72 6K] 0 S6254R4 Sgc;26 O4 UW25aT[4R034S B2 c7O S U3aTS 03U3S 2?X33 c7b9U3S.9S 45.9Y+B D_ Y 3 3 X_1.1b94 2 X S O 2R.99 U 45
c 250 S3 c;:X3S S B ] YCc<a 6 BEX3[<Y d 0`8c 2 c 9 _9O 250 Q7: SIS O X3= b9] S c<cLa ae X3[ [<O 0ÙZ81XV6 c O ] [<X 0 1>S =96
c 254R3 4 .9O 45[7S7X 8
,
9 6 9 %6 6
^/c;4 7[U3[W6 B8
S02R] : S a 2 0 UPS`c72 O U3SaT:Z03S Bc7U3Y S :c ] B c<Y"a X3c [<0 ] c<[7a ]%X36[<0@2 [7] b9S`6 038 ST] [760 S72R8A45K4 6 B SPS b 0 c S Q7: SP_1c aTOS :_ OB Y"SJ= c\. S`] a c7X3a SX :+[70 B 6STb18 c B9Q _ 25 X [7_90f6~%c;254RX 4

S`6 c72R03X345b Y\c X ?2 3457[ 6LS ~ X3X 0Vb9c S O FU : 3 0VOc 25U6-U3:2RQ 7[ 2R6 XZY7O 8
c6 ]DX3254RS`"4 0@B c WS 6 :93 ST[<4 c 03Y SI2R42 0X3 6 . [<254R0W<4 XVBc OSIMX X3b16 S 2RX3[7b".1c . [Eb1UW2 2R9 X3bLS ~ X3X0Vb9c OS FU :93 0 Oc25U 6-UW25: Q 7[ 2 XZ6 Y O X3b16 c 25O4R4
B S\U 3 c;4545ST0 ] [70 X b9S b92 9 b X30Vc O U 3 2 U3U32RQ 2RXZY cA8E_92R] ST0 X b1c O ] [<0 X3b9S 45[76$X 0 c O U 3 2 U3U325QE2RXZY [ O S
d 2 9 _90 SI= 6 Bye 6
%
2 O c;454RY<8E2R] 25U 2 O a 0 S`c<UWS :B Y\c ] c<a X3[<0 [;],698E[ O 45
U3b92 ]DX S : c;45[ O 9 X b9S 0 S : _1aTS : X342 3 SI7c = 25gU d 2 9 _903SI= Y 6 /a 25e U 6 3 [ : ?2 ;1S : c O : X3b9S a _103Q<SP2 U U342 3 .14RY

%
³r´µO¶·¸@¸¹¸Hº@º@»

- 5 2 8 = 6 2 jb @ -P^ < - @ NM2 b ^ @
2Q
3
s
Q
0 -1 0 1
10 10 10
2
`9 ruH#0" ; '$; A; 'N?'$!

t/r

4.5
3.5
T
2.5
s
2 2T
1.5
0.5
0 -1 0 1
10 10 10
t/r 2
¡ =uH#0" ; '$; A; 'N?P'$!

2.5
S
1.5 2S
s
0.5
0 -1 0 1
10 10 10
2
, =uH#0"$; ' ; H; 'N?P' !

t/r

2 9 _90 SI= 6 % ~ @ Y O X3b9STX32 a S>=9c

3 .945S [;],X3b9SIU3S O UW2RX325Q 2 XZY\[7] 2 b1ST2 U UW[<4R_ X 2R[ O 6
0 57698 S O c;0;:
= 6 6 b ^ 2 8-5 8 H2 - 2 b ^ 5 8 N 8
Z /1$K!,'! $KS$KT>1/ '+*I!M( '!
9.B@ S`0S@[Q7X aSTb9S0VSc;:94 _9U3cA03.9S 3 0 [ X SAa[ ~ S2: O _9_9X30SS`SÙ303UU3.12 03OS>ST= X,2 UZc6 X 6;1S`4R0V4b UZO X/X SÙ3X3UWSb9X X 2 :9UI[;c ]%aTXV[7X3c _9b96 0VS 2UW1S.1b1c76250U/cAS c73 .1.9S03.9X3[<0 S`.[<0 [Ec<UHUWaV6Sb 2Rc2X3U b U3O Y X3Sb9UZ6 X S SJ6 3b92S`c 4Rb9X. 25S a [;UW]c X3X3OS`b9.1: SIUIQ<c<6 STUW025Y 4RY"43 c7UW. 244?36 X3[7c .9X3Y 452 SaU
9 9
B STb1c Q 25[7_90 8 ?2 3 .90 [ Q7S 3 S O X%[;]1X3b9HS ;9XWX 2 O 9 B Y _1U32 O 9 X b9S aTA[ 3 .945S X S U3[745_ X325[ O 6 2 b9S X 6 [ UZX ST.1U
aTc O B {S 3 c O _1c;4 [70 c72 : S : 6 2RX3b c O c7_ X3L[ 3 c X32 a 0 S 9 03S U3U32R[ O 6 2 b1S c;_9X3[A3 c;X32 a 03S 9 0 SÙ UW25[ O
6 254R4 B S : 2 U3aT_1U UWS: 4 c X ST0 8:6 S .90 SÙ3S O X O [76 X b9SIUWX3ST. U X3b1c;X/aTc O B S : [ O S3 c O _ c;454RY 6
' ¼ ¼ ¼ - 3
X3X3 24b 3 S/c XPS0b1XcB b9Q7Y\S S c U3: STUZS`SX 03O0 25Qc7Xc2 9b1X b<2Rc Q<XX SI4R2 2O [;O ] S@U3SJX3[;b13 ]%S 2 U3E 24R45[<[ b9.9 S`Sc72503U/2RX3] bDc_ O3O : a 2 Xa [;2R[ U3]aÒ 2 c;O 456 X3S7S`258;04RX4aTb9STX3S-.S O X : : 0V cO6X36-[7 6: _9[7c;036X30;b9: O S`0F253U c7[<.9036.9S00 b96 [O2 =S@aVb2?b13 c25cU Q7X S S: c;6"4 ]UW [7[ 0 U34 STc S X O SS
6
6 254R4B_ UWS c O :@c<U [7_9I0 3 c;2 O .1c;0Vc
3 STX3ST0VU X3[1;9X X b9Sg3 [ :9ST4X [ X3b9S :9c;X c 6
drawdown
2.5 derivative
1.5
s
slope a
0.5 a/2.3
0 −1 0 1 2
10 b 10 10 10
2 9 _90 S = 6 =5~ 0 c7.9b92 aTc;4 :9S X3S`0F3 2 O c X 2R[ O [7] c O :

t/r2
0Vc;.9b92 aTc74R45Y78:6 S aTc O : STX3S`0F3 2 O S c O :MB Y X3b1S ] [7454R[76 2 O 9 .90 [ aTS: _103S 6
+6-5 0 S>E .903[ aTSÙ U X3b1S :9c XVcIX [ a`c;4 a _94 c X S X3b9S : 0VOc 6-: 7[ 6 O 2 O 3 S X3S`0`8 X b9S 0 S: _1aTS: X3243 S
( \2 O U3Sà [ O : . S`0 Uc8E_1c;0 S3 S X ST0 c O : X b9S\45[ 9 c7032RX3bD3 2 a : S`0325Q c X 2RQ<S [;] X3b1S
: 0 cO6-:9[76 O 6

6 6-[75 0 45[;UWX S`Q72 O S`0 X c7b94 S@.1U 2RS

c zT3 A[ S@3 U3STJS X33 ST0V?2 U E 45c7[ U9 c U aT] c7_ 4ROS a 9 X30V25[c;O.9b[78 ] c O d :\a ] 2 XVU 2 45[ _99 0c;S 0 2 =X 5b L= 3 e 25a : ST0 2RQ c;X325Q7S ] [<0 [ O S
6 9 6 6
b ] X3b1S 3 S :92R5_ 3 25U 2 UW[7X30 [7.92 a c O :b9A[ 3 [ 9 S O S`[7_1U`8c;454,X3b9S :9c;X c ] 03L[ 3X3b9S : ?2 | S`03S O X

A[ B1U3ST0 Q c X325[ O B [<03S`b9[745SÙ 3 _1UZX ] c74R4[ O X3b9SIU

c 3 S a _90 Q7S 6
6 2 [ 9 STX 8<[ O S . [<U UW42 B9254R2RXZYI2 U X3[ 0 S`+c :IX b9S Q c;45_9S [;] X3b9-S : S`0325Q c X 2RQ<HS 6 b9S O 2 X 2 U c;44 3 [<UWX
a [ [;O ],UZXVX3c b9O SIX UW6 X30Vb X@c;2 2 U@bEfSX 8E4R_12 O c;S 4[X3[ O X b9S6 0V6 c;-P.9b 4 X ST0 O c X 2RQ<ST45Y78 [ O S aTc O 03S %c : :92R0 Sà X345Y X b9S U345[7. S
"
9 9 6
6 2 [ 9 STX [ O S b1c<U%X3[ 03S %c :IX3b9S Q c;45_9S [;] X3b9S 0 S : _1aTS : X342 3 S 6 b1ST0 S X b9S 4R2 O S 2 O X ST0VUWS a XVU
X3b9S b9[<0324zT[ O X c;4c
= 2 U`8E2 S 856 b9ST0 S (':
%
6 6 6
³r´µO¶·¸@¸¹¸Hº@º@» 6
- 5 2 8 = 6 2 jb @ -P^ <- @ NM2 b ^ @
' ¼ ¼ ¼ 3

O aTSPY7[<_ b1c Q7S/X3b9S .1c;0Vc

3 STX3ST0VU c O : 8EY7[<_\aTc O aTc;4 a _145c;X3S/X b9S/X b9ST[<03STX32 aTc74 : 0VcO6-: [76 O
6 2RX3b X3b9S 2 b9ST2 U U3[745_ X325[ O c O :I2RX U,X b9ST[<03STX32 aTc74: S`0325Q c X 2RQ<S 6 2 [0: [PX b1c X 8
6 S b1c Q<S X [@0 SJ6 0 2 X S
X3b1S : 0 cO6-:9[76 O c7U c ] _ O a X325[ O [7] c O : 6 2 b9S 2 b9S`25U Sf8<_ c X325[ O B Sà [L3 SÙ~
: = 6<=
(

6 :

d = 66 e
c O :\X b9S : ST0 25Q c;X325Q7LS ~

: = 67=
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B,M `µg}_3 d m
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3
Theis
Theis derivative
Linearly varying rate
Derivative
2.5
2
sD/qD
1.5
0.5
0
−1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10
2
tD / rD
1
10
Theis
Theis derivative
Linearly varying rate
Derivative
0
10
sD/qD
−1
10
−2
10
−1 0 1 2 3 4
10 10 10 10 10 10
t / r2
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