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ROOM LIGHT
CONTROLLER
Usually when we enter in our room in darkness, we find it difficult to
locate the wall mounted switchboard to switch on the light, for a stranger, it
Here is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of switching on and
the room during darkness. This circuit has the following features.
The lights turns off only when the room is vaccent, or in other words, when
A seven segment display shows the number of persons currently inside the
room.
In this project we use two infra red sensors. Both connected in the door. Two
photodiode’s are also connected to the receiver circuit to detect the infra red
signal. Both the infra red sensor is connected to the ic 555 as a monostable
timer. In attach with the sensor and 555 we use one up down counter circuit.
Up down counter increment and decrement the input pulses and display it
on the seven segment display. One logic circuit to compare the total number
of person in the room is also involved in this project. For this purpose we
use ic 7485 4 bit binary comparator to compare the total number of person
in the room.
One relay driver circuit to interface the main lights or fan with this unit.
Relay provide a high voltage to the fan and lights for proper working.
555 ic. Working of this project is just like this when When any body enter in
the room then one infra red sensor is active and one ic is enable and at this
time second 555 is disable. When any person came out from the room then
other 555 is on and disable first ic and enable this second one. Note that only
one sensor is on at a time. With the help of this ic we give a up and down
grounded from the . In normal way when we switch on the circuit both the
infra red sensor is on and light is fall on the photodiode. Now when any
body enter in the room then circuit sense the intruption and at this time 555
gives its output. Output from the this 555 is connected to the up-down
counter through npn transistor. Here we get this output from the collector
second ic. Output available on the collector point is negative and due to this
pin no 4 of the next ic is become negative and hence this 555 is off. With the
help of this logic at a time we switch on one ic and off the second one by
ground voltage… Pin no 4 and 5 is clock input for up and down pulses. This
up and down pulse is from the two ic 555. Pin no 14 of this circuit is
connected to the master reset pin 14. . Pin no 2,6,7,3 is output pin of this ic.
These output are in bcd output and in flip flop mode. Pin no 15 and 10 of
the ic 7485 and ic 7447. IC 77485 compare the magnitutde of this output
and compare this output to the ground pin 9.11.14.1. when there is any
single output on the 7485 then pin no 5 of this comparator is high and and
switch on the relay coil.relay further switch on the output bulb to on. When
BCD is connected to the 7485 and at the same time this bcd is connected to
Now when any body enter in the room then ic 555 sense the signal through
photodiode and then this signal is further connected to the ic 74192 for
clock up signal . this ic gives its output in BCD form and then this output is
the bcd signal to the ground potential when all the bcd is zero then there is
no output on the pin no 5. If single bcd is high then pin no 5 become high
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM.
SENSOR LOGIC.
In this project we show that how we save the valuable
energy. Not only save the valuable energy but for security
First part of this project is Infra red sensor. Here we use infra
When any body cross the infra red beam then circuit provide
room.
Photodiode in this sensor is connected to the ic 555. here ic
timer.
Working of infra red transmitter and
receiver circuit.
Photo Transistor
but with a much higher sensitivity for light, because the electrons that
function.
source of light is used. They have only two leads (collector and
sensitive to light and produces more output current for a given light
level, and thus compensates for ambient (normal room) light intensity.
Infrared
longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation. The
name means "below red" (from the Latin infra, "below"), red being the
1000 µm). However, these terms are not precise, and are used
Uses
visible light to see an object. The radiation is detected and turned into
an image on a screen, hotter objects showing up brighter, enabling the
filled areas.
preference to radio waves because it does not interfere with the television signal. IR data
peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards
published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use
plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to
encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation
to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the
transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from sunlight, people and
Diode
direction.
between the two leads, the diode can be thought of as an open (non-
stage the diode will become conductive and allow current to flow, at
Light-emitting diode
(various)
LED Technology
germanium, emits invisible far-infrared light, but the materials used for
near-ultraviolet light.
flows and the device is said to be forward biased. The voltage across
the LED in this case is fixed for a given LED and is proportional to the
the device is said to be reverse biased, very little current flows, and no
light is emitted.
tube. The plastic may be coloured, but this is only for cosmetic reasons
• Usable with almost any visible or near infrared light source such
current)
particular application
IRED's are solid state light sources which emit light in the near-IR part
both GaAs and GaAlAs LEDs are often used with phototransistors and
sources include:
• Low cost
particular application
Applications
with a controllable light source, typically and LED, they are often
Optoisolator
Retro Sensor
presence of an object by
to be sensed.
applications.
card
Medical
Industrial
and direction
• photoelectric controls
Basic of the ic 555 as a monostable timer.
The 555 timer IC was first introduced around 1971 by the Signetics
Corporation as the SE555/NE555 and was called "The IC Time Machine"
and was also the very first and only commercial timer ic available. It
stable, and user-friendly integrated circuit for both monostable and astable
myrad of novel and unique circuits have been developed and presented in
several trade, professional, and hobby publications. The past ten years some