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Determinism.
“for everything that happens, there are conditions such that, given them,
nothing else could occur.” (633)
x is determined if the state of affairs in the world plus the laws of nature are
such that they can produce only x. (674)
“For every event that happens, its happening was caused or necessitated by
prior factors such that given these prior factors the event in question had to
occur.” (Craig, 268)
Indeterminism.
“the basic idea of indeterminism is that the state of the world up to a given
point plus all existing natural laws are not sufficient to guarantee only one
possible future.” (626)
Incompatibilism.
“genuine freedom is incompatible with determinism.” (628)
Clarifications on LFW
“To sum up this point…” (629)
“Focus on more standard views…” (630)
Views of Determinism.
Hard Determinism.
“all that happens is causally determined. As a result, there is no
human free will of any sort.” (635)
Incompatibilists.
Fatalism.
Associated with inevitability.
1) Strong Inevitability. “every situation, regardless of what we do,
the outcome will be unaffected by our efforts.” (633) E.g.
Minority Report.
2) Weak Inevitability. “there are things I could do to change the
outcome, but I am ignorant of them.” (634) E.G., escaping fire.
3) No Inevitability. “irrespective of antecedent circumstances,
‘nothing that does occur could have been helped and nothing that
has not actually been done could possibly have been done.’” (634)
Soft Determinism.
Everything that happens is causally determined, but some acts are
free. This is not libertarian free will. (635-6)
Compatibilists.