THEORIST THEORY CONTENT

Florence NIGHTINGALE  first theory of nursing

 Notes on Nursing: What It Is, What It Is Not
 environment
Virginia HENDERSON Nature of Nursing  14 Basic Needs
Model  the unique function of the nurse is to assist the
clients, sick or well, in the performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery, that clients will
perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will
or knowledge
Faye ABDELLAH Patient-Centered  21 Nursing Problems
Approaches to Nursing  defined nursing as service to individuals and
Model families; therefore to society
Dorothy JOHNSON Behavioral System  7 Subsystems:
Model • Ingestive
• Eliminative
• Affiliative
• Aggressive
• Dependence
• Achievement
• Sexual and Role Identity Behavior
Imogene KING Goal Attainment  described nursing as a helping profession that assists
Theory individuals and groups in society to attain, maintain, and
restore health
Madeleine LEININGER Transcultural Nursing  nursing is a humanistic and scientific mode of
Model helping a client through specific cultural caring processes
(cultural values, beliefs and practices) to improve or
maintain a health condition
Myra LEVIN Four Conservation • Conservation of Energy
Principles • Conservation of Structural Integrity
• Conservation of Personal Integrity
• Conservation of Social Integrity
Betty NEUMAN Health Care System  nursing is a unique profession in that it is concerned
Model with all the variables affecting an individual’s response to
stresses, which are intra-, inter- and extrapersonal in
nature
Dorothea OREM Self-Care and Self-  Self-Care: “the practice of activities that individuals
Care Deficit Theory initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining
life, health and well-being”
 3 Nursing Systems:
• Wholly Compensatory
• Partially Compensatory
• Supportive Educative
Hildegard PEPLAU Interpersonal Model  4 Phases of the Nurse-Client Relationship:
• Orientation
• Identification
• Exploitation
• Resolution
Martha ROGERS Science of Unitary  human beings are more than and different from the
Human Beings sum of their parts
 human being is characterized by the capacity for
abstraction and imagery, language and thought, sensation
and emotion
Sister Callista ROY Adaptation Model  viewed each person as a unified biopsychosocial
 system in constant interaction with a changing
environment
 the person as an adaptive system (input, control
processes, output and feedback), functions as a whole
through interdependence of its parts
 4 Modes of Needs
• Physiological
• Self-Concept
• Role Function
• Interdependence
Lydia HALL  Nursing: What Is It?
 CARE, CORE, CURE
Ida Jean ORLANDO Dynamic Nurse-  the nurse helps patients meet a perceived need that
Patient Relationship the patient cannot meet for themselves
Model  emphasized the importance of validating the need
and evaluating care based on observable outcomes
 nursing actions can be AUTOMATIC or
DELIBIRATIVE
 Elements Composing Nursing Situation:
• Client Behavior
• Nurse Reaction
• Nurse Action
Ernestine WEIDENBACH Clinical Nursing-A  the nurse’s individual philosophy or central purpose
Helping Art Model lends credence to nursing care
Jean WATSON Human Caring Model  Nursing: Human Science and Human Care
 nursing is the application of the art and human
science through transpersonal caring transactions to help
persons achieve mind-body-soul harmony, which
generates self-knowledge, self-control, self-care, and
self-healing
Rosemarie Rizzo PARSE Human Becoming  emphasized free choice of personal meaning in
relating value priorities, co-creating of rhythmical
patterns, in exchange with the environment, and
contranscending in many dimensions as possibilities
unfold
 believed that each choice opens certain opportunities
while closing others
Joyce TRAVELBEE Interpersonal Aspects  a person is a unique, irreplaceable individual who is
of Nursing Model in a continuous process of becoming, evolving and
changing
Josephine PETERSON Humanistic Nursing  nursing is an existential experience
Loretta ZDERAD Practice Theory  the essential characteristic of nursing is nurturance
Helen ERICKSON Modeling and Role  the focus is on the person
Evelyn TOMLIN Modeling Theory  nurses in this theory facilitate, nurture and accept the
Mary Ann SWAIN person unconditionally
Margaret NEWMAN  focused on health as expanding consciousness
 change occurs through transformation
 caring is a moral imperative for nursing
Patricia BENNER Primacy of Caring  caring is central to the essence of nursing
Judith WRUBEL Model  caring creates the possibilities for coping and creates
possibilities for connecting with and concern for others
Anne BOYKIN Nursing as Caring  all persons are caring, and nursing is a response to a
Savina SCHOENHOFER unique social call
SOURCE:
Mastering Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts and Clinical Application by Josie Quiambao-Udan, RN, MAN.
Second Edition, 2004