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3.
Type of particle
Example
4.
Property Solid Liquid Gas
Diagrammatic
representation of
the particles in
each of the
physical states
Arrangement of
particles.
Forces of
attraction
between particles
Movement of
particles
Energy content
………………………………………………………………………………….
1
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
Isotope Uses
Carbon-14
Cobalt-60
Sodium-24
PAPER 2 : STRUCTURE
1.
(a) Diagram 1.1 shows the results of an experiment to investigate the movement of bromine particles in
air.
Air
Gar jar
Reddish brown
vapour spreads
Cover
throughout both
Bromine gas jars within 10
vapour minutes
Cover
Diagram 1.1
removed
………………………………………………………………………………………...…...………
[1 mark]
(ii) State the type of particles present in bromine gas.
………………………………………………………………………………………….....………
[1 mark]
(iii) Explain the observation in this experiment based on the kinetic theory of matter.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…...………
……………………………………………………………………………………….…...………
……………………………………………………………………………………….…...………
[3 marks]
2
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
Temperature
83
R T
Diagram 1.2
Time, s
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows a graph of temperature against time when solid X is heated?
(i) State the melting point of X.
………………………………………………………………………………...…………………
[1 mark]
(ii) What happens to the temperature while the substance changes state? Explain.
……………………………….…………………………………………………...…………..……
…………………………………………………………………………………...…………...……
…………………………………………………...………………………………………...………
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain the movement of particles X between R and T during heating.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...………
[2 marks]
Diagram 2
2. Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between concentrated hydrochloric acid
and concentrated ammonia solution to form substance X. Based on the information, answer the following
questions.
……………………………………………………………………………………...………
[1 mark]
3
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
(ii) Name substance X
……………………………..……………………………………………………………...………
[1 mark]
(iii) Name the process occurs in the glass tube.
…..………………………………………………………………………………………...………
[1 mark]
(b) Which gas diffused faster? Why?
…………………………..…………………………………………………………………...…….……
………….…….………………………………………………………………………………...……….
[2 marks]
(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.
……………………..…………………………………………………………………………...………
[1 mark]
3. Table 3 shows proton number and nucleon number for atom W, X and Y.
W 11 23
X 17 35
Y 17 37
Table 3
(a) (i) What is meant by proton number?
.....................................................................................………………………………...............
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the number of neutron in atom W ?
......................................................................………………………………………................
[1 mark]
(b) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.
............................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) Write the electron arrangement of atom X .
.......................... ...................................................................................................................................
[1mark]
4
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
(d) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom Y. In your diagram , show the number of
proton and the number of neutron in the nucleus.
[2 marks]
.....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the formula of ion Y.
.....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
A
(e) Write the symbol of atom X in the form of Z X.
..............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
4. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the set-up of an experiment to determine the melting point of
solid X.
Thermometer
Water
Diagram 4.1
Time/second
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Temperature/oC
70 77 80 80 80 82 85 95
(i) Plot the graph of temperature against time for the heating of X on the graph
paper.
[3 marks]
5
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
6
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
(ii) On the graph that you have drawn in (a), label the melting point of substance X.
[1 mark]
…………….……......................................................................................................................
…………..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iv) Draw the arrangement of particles in X at 85oC
[ 1 mark ]
(b) Why has the solid X in the boiling tube be stirred constantly with the thermometer during the
experiment?
……………………………....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Why solid X is not directly heated without using water bath?
…………..……………….....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Table 5
…………………………….....................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) Which of the following substances has a highest melting point?
……………………...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) State the substance that can conduct electricity in the solid state.
……………………...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Name the particles present in potassium chloride.
……………………...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
7
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
PAPER 2 : ESSAY
6. Diagram 6.1 shows an atom of an element based on the model by James Chadwick.
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Diagram 6.1
(a) Compare the relative mass and the charge of two of the subatomic particles in diagram 6.1.
[4 marks]
7p
7n
Diagram 6.2
Diagram 6.2 shows an atom of element X.
(b)
(i) Describe fully the atomic structure shown in diagram 7.2.
[4 marks]
Temperature /o C
Melting point
Graph 6.3
to t1 t2 t3 Time, minutes
Describe the graph in term of states of matter, particles arrangements and changes in energy.
[10 marks]
8
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
[4 marks]
Condensation is the process where a gas changes to its liquid
state at a certain temperature and pressure when it is cooled.
(b) Describe the change of the kinetic energy, arrangement and the forces of attraction between the
particles at the following states:
ee 3+
e
e
e 14 n e n neutron
e e electron
e
ee Diagram 7
(ii) Y reacts with oxygen to form oxide Y, with the formula Y2O3.
The chemical equation for reaction Y with oxygen is show as:
4Y + 3O2 2Y2O3.
Given that the relative atomic mass of Y = 27 and O = 16.
Calculate the mass of oxide Y, Y2O3 formed when 10.8 g Y is completely burnt in
oxygen.
[4 marks]
PAPER 3 : STRUCTURE
Gas jar
cover Jelly
Water
Gas jar
Bromine Potassium
vapour manganate(VII)
A B C
Diagram 8
9
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
8. A group of students set up the apparatus for an experiment as shown in diagram 8. The result is obtained by
the students are shown in table 8.
Experiment Observation
A After a few minutes the gar jar was filled with a reddish brown gas.
B After a few hours, the water turns purple.
C After a few days, the jelly turns purple.
……………………................................................................................................................................
……………………...............................................................................................................................
……………………...............................................................................................................................
(c) State
(i) The manipulated variable.
…………………….....................................................................................................................
(ii) The responding variable.
…………………….....................................................................................................................
…………………….....................................................................................................................
(d) Based on the observation, arrange the three states of mater in a sequence to show their speed in
increasing order.
……………………..............................................................................................................................
(e) Based on the rate of the movement of the particles, describe the arrangement of the particles in the
three states of matter.
……………………..............................................................................................................................
……………………..............................................................................................................................
……………………..............................................................................................................................
(f) Give the daily application of the process in one of the above experiment.
……………………..............................................................................................................................
10
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Copper(II)nitrate reacts with magnesium
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) Chlorine gas reacts with lithium hydroxide
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(f) Hydrogen gas reacts with lead(II) oxide
………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) 2.5 moles of lead (II) carbonate f) 0.5 moles copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2
12
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
8. Magnesium powder reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce salt and hydrogen gas.
(a) Write the balance chemical equation for this reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) If 2.4 g of magnesium powder is added into excess hydrochloric acid, calculate,
(i) The mass of salt formed.
C + PbO CO2 + Pb
(b) Determine the number of moles of lead extracted from 0.5 mole of lead (II) oxide.
(c) Calculate the number of moles of carbon required to extracts 0.5 mole of
lead(II) oxide.
(d) What is the mass of lead are produced if 44.6 g of lead (II) oxide is heated with
excess carbon.
[ RAM : Pb = 207, O = 16, C = 12 ]
13
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
10. Excess sodium carbonates is added into 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride.
The chemical equation for the reaction is as follows:
……………………………………………………………………………………….…….
(b) Determine the volume of carbon dioxide gas evolved at room temperature
12. When sodium bicarbonate is heated, it decomposed to sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and
water.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate on heating.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..….
14
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
The concentration of a solution is the mass (in gram) or the number of mole of solute dissolved in a solvent
to form 1.00 dm3 of solution.
Titration
Formula MaV2 = a
MbVb b
Dilution
M1V1 = M2V2
13. 100cm3 of HCl 2.0 mol dm-3 reacts completely with excessive zinc powder. Calculate the
volume of gas released at room temperature? (Molar volume = 24 dm3 at room temperature).
14. 5 g of Calcium carbonates dissolves in 100 cm3 of nitric acid 0.5 mol dm-3 to produce salt,
carbon dioxide gas and water.
(i) Write out the equation.
………………………………………………………………………………………..……
(ii) Calculate the moles of calcium carbonates used. (RAM Ca =40, C = 12, O = 16).
15
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
15. X g sodium carbonate reacts completely with 100 cm3 hydrochloric acid
1.0 moldm-3 to produce sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water. Find X.
(relative atomic mass: Na =23, C = 12, O = 16)
16. 10 g of copper(II) oxide reacts completely with 100 cm3 hydrochloric acid to form
copper(II) chloride and water. Calculate the molarity of acid used.
(JAR Cu =64, O = 16 )
(b) What is the molarity of the solution produced when 100 cm3 of distilled water is added to 50 cm3 of
this solution?
18. In the titration experiment, 25.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is titrated with sulphuric
acid from a burette. 18.50 cm3 of sulphuric acid is needed for complete neutralization.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the neutralization.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the number of mole of sodium hydroxide used in this experiment.
(c) Calculate the number of moles of sulfphuric acid needed to exactly neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-
3
sodium hydroxide.
19. 1.25 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid reacts completely with 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium carbonate.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the number of mole of sodium carbonate used in this experiment.
(c) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid needed to exactly neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sodium carbonate.
16
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
PAPER 2: STRUCTURE
1. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the
empirical formula of an oxide of copper.
Oxide of copper
Dry hydrogen
gas
Heat
Diagram 1
Table 1 shows the results of an experiment after heating, cooling and weighing are
repeated until a constant weight is obtained.
Substance Mass(g)
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish 18.75 g
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + oxide of copper 20.75 g
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper 20.35 g
Table 1
(a) What is meant by empirical formula?
………..………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Table 5 results,
(i) Calculate the mass of copper and the mass of oxygen used in the experiment.
[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mole ratio of copper atoms to oxygen atoms.
Given that the relative atomic mass of Cu, 64; O ,16.
[2 marks]
(iii) State the empirical formula of this oxide of copper.
……….………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment.
……………...………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
17
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
(c) Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all the air in the combustion
tube has been expelled , before any heating is carried out.
…………………………..…………………………………………..…………………………
. ……………………………….………………………………………………………………
……………………………………...…………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
2. (a) Culculate the relative molecular or formula masses of the following substances.
(i) Ethanol, C2H5OH.
Given that relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12, O = 16.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(b) A closed glass bottle contains 4 mol molecules of oxygen, O2.
[1 mark]
(ii) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle?
[1 mark]
(c) Find the number of moles of atoms in a sample containing 9.03 × 1020 atoms of
copper.
[1 mark]
(d) Calculate the mass, in gram, of 3.5 moles of copper(II) carbonate, CuCO3.
Given that relative formula mass of CuCO3 = 124
[1 mark]
(e) When silver carbonate, Ag2CO3 is heated, it will decompose to produce silver
metal, carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas as shown in the equation below.
18
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
A student heats 8.28 g silver carbonate. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2 collected
at room temperature.
Given that relative atomic mass of C = 12, O =16, Ag = 108,
[3 marks]
3. Diagram 3 shows 3.1 g of copper (II) carbonate being heated strongly in attest tube. The gas
given out is passed into limewater in a test tube through a delivery tube.
Copper(II)
carbonate
Heat
strongly
Lime water
Diagram 3
(a) State the observation made when copper(II)carbonate powder is heated until the
reaction is complete.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction that takes place.
……………………………………………….…………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II)oxide produced.
[2 marks]
(d) Calculate the volume of gas produced at STP.
[2 marks]
(e) (i) What can be observed if the product is heated in a stream of hydrogen gas?
..………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the mass of the substance produced.
[2 marks]
19
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
PAPER 2 : ESSAY
4.
(a) The information below is regarding substance X
Carbon 85.70%
Hydrogen 14.30%
(b) Magnesium can react actively with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
Describe an activity that can be carried out in the laboratory to determine the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide.
Include the calculations involved in your answer.
Given that the relative atomic mass for O = 16, Mg = 24.
[11 marks]
20
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
PAPER 3 : STRUCTURE
5. A student carried out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
The steps and set-up of apparatus of the experiment are shown in Diagram 5.
lid
crucible
Magnesium
powder
128.1580g
white fumes
heat
4. The crucible, lid and magnesium oxide are weighed when cooled.
magnesium oxide
powder
131.3580g
Diagram 5
21
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1
Set 1 Structure of the atoms & Chemical Equation Perfect Score F4 2010
(a) Complete the following table by stating the observations and related inferences in
the experiment.
Observations Inferences
.................................................... ....................................................................
.................................................... .....................................................................
[6 marks]
(b) Round off the reading to two decimal places and record it in the table below.
Description Mass / g
The crucible and lid.
(c) (i) Calculate the mass of magnesium that has been used.
(d) The student wants to determine the empirical formula of lead(II) oxide. He used the steps and set-up
of apparatus as the experiment before. Predict whether the empirical formula of lead(II) oxide can be
determined. Explain your answer.
...............................................................................................................................................................
22
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 1