RUSTING

ANDNON-RUsTY
OBJECT5 OBJECT5

#, rfracffs
Group the objects below into rustg ond non-rusfgobject. l.s'+

n*,,,A
a________^_l
llr--_]lI
llrlrl gold ring newspopers
mirror

Rustgobject Non-rustgobject

Answer the following questions.

l. A pencil,o screw,o plosticspoon,o thumbtockond on eroserore plocedin o
beokerof woter.The opporotusis left for three dogs.

{eJ
f+
 (o) t. Whichobjectswill be coveredwith rust?
r*

ii. Whot moteriolore theg modefrom?

(b) t. Whichobjectswill not rust?

*

i i . Whot moteriolsore theg modefrom?

(c) Tick (/) the correctonswers.

*'i. Stotethe mloylof rustgobjects.
yenowish
Greenish
L___J
ii. Stotethe oppeoronceof the rustgobjects.
E Reddish
E
Dull shins Rough
[] [] []

FW FACTORS
THATCAU5ERUsrrNG
:,:+

Answer the following questions.

l. Thediogrombelowshowsthe set-up.ofon experiment corriedout bg o group
of studentsto studgthe foctorsfor the rustingof on iron noil.
I I l---z
Y4HH
tttttl
coored
1f"' ll l[_,." noil
| | E-*ot",. |\
r1 b o.it lt e d l l L -r=l
Lttl
ll
Wolerll lslll
iron-lfl ion--l-J/l I I
noit noit
W W l$_onhsorous
P q R S colciumchloride

Thetoble below showsthe resultsof the experimentofter o few dogs.

Apporotus Observqtion
P The noildoesnot chonge.
o The noil becomesrustg.
R The noil becomesrustg.
S The noildoesnot chonge.
js.-_

{g}
 (o) Stotethe foctor for P,Q, R ond S of the experiment.Tick (/) in the correct
+* column.
Foctor present
Apporctus
Woter Air
P
a
R
S

(b) FromUouronswef-ih(o),stote two foctors for rusting.

#1.'..,,.r,,,,, W
Co
(c) Stotethe useof...
a$t. ., -
i. oil:To prevent from enteringthe woter
ii. onhgdrous
colciumchloride:To obsorb from the oir

WAYSOF PREVENTINo
RU5TINaANDTHE

F**ffi -.€'F;$*-.,w*
fi*lftfu
Answer the fgllowing questions.
l. The diogromshowson iron gote with hinges.

Thetoble below showsthe conditionof the gote.

Parfs of the gote Condition
Gote Dullsurfoce,brittle
Hinges Producesound,difficultto move
lt (o) Stotethe methodto repoirthe followingportsof ...
@ i. the gote:

j ii. the hinges:

(b) Cive one method thot con be used to prevent the objects listed below
rgr from rusting.
t. iln:

ii. Clothhonger:
iii.Needle:

Completethe chort below.

dividedinto

Foctorsthot couserusting Wogsto preventrusting

6 Noturolmoteriolsore not mode bg humons. UNIT LEARNING
AREA5 Materials
Mon-modemoteriolsore new moteriolsthot hove been
processedf rom nqturol mcrteriols.
€# RUtnNG
l72L The Need to ConserveMoteriols
l8.l ! RustyObiectsond Non-rustyObiecrs
L All objects ore mode of noturol or mon-mooe
moteriols. l. Someobjects rust ofter sometime but some objects do
2. The constont use of ihese moteriqls couse their not rust.
quontitiesto decreose. 2. Rust is formed becouse of reoction between some
3. Therefore.we need to conserve mcrteriolsbecouse fupesof metol ond woter in the presenceof oir.
noturol ond mon-mode mqteriolsore limitedond mog Objectsmode of iron cqn becomerustg.
be usedup if there is no efforf to conservethem. 4. Objects mode of wood. leother,gloss,plosficond soil
4. Thefollowing ore somewogs to conseryemoteriols. do not rust.
(o) Reusing 5. Rust is o reddish-brownsubstorce which oppeorson
(b) Recgcling the surfoceof on object.
(c) Reducing
5. Reusingmeons using the objecfs ogoin in onother
wou. l&2 : Foctorsthot CousingRusfing
6. Recgclingmeons processsingthe objects into new
objecfs. i. Rusting
willonlghoppenwhenon objectisexposed to
7. Reducing meons cutting down on the use of objects woterondoir.
modeof noturolond mon-modemoteriols. 2. Rusfingwill not hoppenif oneof thefoctorsisobsent.
8. Exomplesof objects fhot con be reusedore shown in {t: }
the toble below.
ti
Object oil=I
New use
l1 l. . . t-l
l-

Plqsticbottleondcon o Woter contoiner A It - - l

/
e Vose boiled I d

#=
/onngorous
. Penstond woter t/-) colcium
chloride
B

gU ww
i orr--t l

Oldfure . Ornoment
. Breedingplocefor fish
tl"
l-l-'.,ll
I
lE DE
t/
Theopporotus set-up of on experimenl corried out to studg the
foctors thot couserusting

q . The toble below shows some objecfs thot con be Theresult of the experiment
recgcled.
-:1 Presenceof
It u t e Results
Old object New object Woter Air
Rust r'r'
B Norust r'x
Norust xr'
D Norust xx
E Rust r/r'

lS.3! DifferentWoys of Prevenling Rusting

t0. The following ore some benefitsof recgcling,reusing
ond reducing.
(o) Consoveourforesis
(b) Consoveour soure€sof moteriols
(c) Consoveour sourcesof energg
(cj) Conredrce pollution
.'=
ond the Advontoges
TheDifferentWogsof PreventingRusting
l. Rustingof on object con be prevented.Thisis done bg
preventingwcrter ond oir from coming info contoct
with the obiect.

28 2q
 2. Someof the wogs of preventingrustingore... Asteroids
(o) pointing.
(b) cooting wifh non-rustgmetols. l. Asteroidsore huge chunksof rocks which ore flging in
(c) cootingwith greose,oil or tor. the SolorSgstem.Thegtrovelroundthe Suir.
(d) coveringthe objectsw,ithnon-rustgmoteriolssuch 2. Asteroidsore mostlgfound ir-ic belf ioccted between
os plosticond poper. the poihs of Morsond Jupiter.
(e) golvonizotionwith zinc.
Meteors (rrtsrfDrcBJ
The Advontoges of Preventing Rusting L Meteoroidsore ting rocks or metollic objects thot ore
l. Rustingcousesobjectsto be domogedeosilg. flootingin spoce.
2. Rustgobjectsore frogileond eosilgbroken. 2 Meteors ore streok of lighf produced when
3. Therefore" more monegis neededto repoiror reploce meteoroidsenterthe Eorih'sotmosphere.
rustg ob..1ects.
4. Preventingrustingis beneficiolbecouse...
(o) it mokesmefol objectsmore beoutiful.
(b) it preventsmetol objects from becoming eroded
ond decoged.
(c) it con prevent the possibilifuof someonegetting
tetonus.

l\/lef ears

UNIT A meteorite is o noturol object from spoce thot hits

LEARNING
AREA6 TheEarthand the Universe
the surfoceof the Eorthor other plonets.
€& gG rHEtotAR sYtrE,rl A meteoritethot hits the surfoceof ihe Eorthforms o
croter. An exomple is the crqter in Arizonq in the
UnitedStqtes.

l9.l : The 5olor System (uesR&roBr Comets

L Cometsoresmolllumpsof iceonddustin pothoround
l. l-he Sunis o smollstqr.The Sunis locoted ot the centre the Sun.
of ihe SolorSgstem. 2. A comet hqso heod ond o long glowingfoil.
2. Pionetsore objects which move oround the Sun ot 3 . Some comets shine spectoculorlgos theg opprooch
different distoncesfrom it. the Sunond ice burnsoff os gss,formingo toil of up to
3. Thereore nine plonetsin the SolorSgstem. 3 0 0m i l l i o nk m l o n g .
4. The plonetsorrongedin order of increosingdisfqnce
from fhe Sun.qre Mercury,Venus.Eorih.Mon. Jupher"
Soturn.Uronus.Neptuneond Pluto.
5. The figure below showsthe nine plonetswhich move
oroundthe Sunin the SolorSustem.

A comet

19,2 How For ond How Big

I TheSunismuchbiggerthon the Eorthqnd the Moon.
2. The distonce between lhe Surr ond the Eqrth is
400 times the distonce between the Moon and the
Eorth.

Thenineplonetswhich move oround the Sunin the SolorSgstem

6 The pullfrom the Sun'sgrovitgkeepsoll the plonetsin

1
their ooths.
Allthe nine plonetsmove in o lorgeovol path.
The further the plonetis from the Sun.the biggerthe
o
lvloon
[
,r'F\ ')'.

\
*'i4

i-l
/

poth of the plonet is. LOnn

Besides plonets.the SolqrSgstemqlsocontoins other

Thedistoncesof the Sunand Moon from the Eofth
objects. which ore noturol sotellites.osteroids.meteors ,
ond comefs. TheSunis 100timesthe sizeof the Eorth.

30 3l